... reads the annual TRNSYS heatingandcooling load profile so as to determine the values of the peak heatingandcooling loads for each month of the year (see Table 2) and their durations. Moreover, ... geometrical attributes and infH the factor of opening’s position and air force exposure. Annual heating demand of the building is 33.78 kWh/m2 whereas cooling demand is 27.34 kWh/m2. ... temperature estimations (average deviation ±2.5 K) when annual heatingandcooling demand values are close and approximately equal to 30 kWh/m2 and it is assumed heat pump absence. 5. Conclusion...
... SHU: Short-term and Heavy rainy, SDG: Short-term and Drainage, LSD: Long-term and Stagnant, LHT: Long-term and Heavy rainy, LMK: Long-term and Monsoon flood, PDL: Persistent and Drainage, PHS: ... supply and (c) sanitation systemsand attitudes for (d) water treatment at home, (e) children’s defecation habits and (f) hygiene practices Note: Communities code name, SRM: Short-term and Rainy, ... no latrine at allHand washing with soap before eating Hand washi ng without s oap before eating No hand washing before eating Hand washing after defecation with soap Hand washing after defecation...
... rotational, and hybrid actuators and sensors can be synthesized, and a motion classifier is{ }ℵ∈=ℵ nn:.Therefore, we have( ){ }ℵ∈∈∈∈=ℵ××× nTtGgMmntgmTGM and, ,:,,,.Winding and cooling, power and ... or characteristic. Let A stands for actuators, B stands forsensors, and C stands for translational motion microstructure. Then, theregion ABC represents actuators and sensors which are synthesized ... excitation, air gap and winding configurations, cooling and other important quantities. All possible actuator and sensorconfigurations can be classified using endless (closed) and open-ended(open)...
... NANO- AND MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 4.1. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNAS IN NANO- AND MICROSCALEELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS The electromagnetic power is generated and ... fields,electric and magnetic field vectors form separate and independent pairs. Thatis, E and D are not related to H and B, and vice versa. However, for time-varying electric and magnetic fields, ... closed-loop systems use the data from differentsensors, feedback commands (controls) are generated and executed, and intelligent updates and evolution are performed. The feedback for sensor and control...
... the stator and rotor circuitry dynamics. As the control and statevariables we use the voltages applied to the stator (as and bs) and rotor (ar and br) windings, as well as the stator and rotor ... bs, and ics are the phase currents in the stator windings as, bs and cs;i iqs ds, and ios are the quadrature-, direct-, and zero-axis components ofstator currents;ψ ψas bs, and ... ds, and ψos are the quadrature-, direct-, and zero-axis components ofstator flux linkages;u uar br, and ucr are the voltages in the rotor windings ar, br and cr;u uqr dr, and uor...
... changing standards for APIs,gateways, security methods, screens, operating systems, and browsers. There are also variable computingpowers on the handheld devices and different bandwidth requirements.Wireless ... TheWebSphere application server will handle the data dynamically and adapt it to the handheld device. Alsoit can run multiple applications and requests, and can be easily integrated to the backend ... install, configure and add new services:• The client application must be easy to install, customize, and add new handheld devices.• Easy to Integrate with other servers and Back-End systems: • Integration...
... Evolution and the Meanings of Life. NewYork: Simon and Schuster.Depew, D. J. 1998. Intelligent design and irreducible complexity. A rejoinder. Rhetoric and Public Affairs 1: 571–8.Depew, D. J., and ... Evolutionary Systems: Biological and EpistemologicalPerspectives on Selection and Self-Organization, ed. G. Van de Vijver, S. N. Salthe, and M. Delpos. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 59–66.Weber, B. H., and ... Brains, Cities, and Software.New York: Scribner.Joyce, G. F., and L. E. Orgel 1993. Prospects for understanding the origin of theRNA world. In The RNA World, ed. R. F. Gesteland and J. F. Atkins....
... isH4="H2H2H2H2#=26664111111111111111137775(1.45)where row 1 and column 1 are Walsh code 0, or w0;row3andcolumn3arew1;row 4and column 4 are w2; and row 2 and column 2 are w3. The Walsh code number wjis ... vectorsg1=101] and g2=111](1.17) and the corresponding code wordc2c1],wherec1=264b2b1b0375g1 and c2=264b2b1b0375g2(1.18) and where b0, b1,andb2are ... polynomialsg1(z)=1+z2 and g2(z)=1+z+z2(1.19)where 1 denotes the present input bit, and z and z2represent the previous input bits havingone and two clock period delays, respectively, and +is...
... ofthe variations in the terrain and the distribution of buildings and streets. We allow for thesevariations by introducing a random variable λ having zero mean and standard deviation σ.Often λ ... random variable of the error in S0(dB)δ0random variable of the power control error in the receivedinterference powerε random variable with standard deviationp2 σeλ shadow fading random ... variations using a log-normal distribution having a standard deviation of 4 dB and 3.5dB for LOS and OOS paths, respectively [26]. The effect of path loss and shadow fadingon the received signal power...
... filter pass band extends from 0 to fp and the stop band extends from fsto ∞. Withinthe pass band the filter response is prescribed within the limitsδ1, and within the stopband the filter ... PNI and PNQ codes, baseband filtered and modulated onto two quadrature carriers using the phase mapping described in Table 4.7.The PNI and PNQ codes have the same offset as the pilot channel and ... PNI and PNQ sequences dis-play perfect cross-correlation (see Equation (4.26)) and autocorrelation (see Equations (4.31)–(4.34)) properties. This is not so in the practical cdmaOne systems and...
... interfering mobile and zeroth BS, isrj=qD2j+r22Djr cos(ϕ)(5.81) and ζ is the difference between λij and λ0, the independent random variables with zero mean and standard deviation ... bi(t)represents random independent binary data, and as a consequence the intracellular interference is a stationary random process. From theCentral Limit Theorem, the summation of N1 independent random ... random variable with zero mean and variance ofσ2ζ=2σ2, while Djis the distance between the zeroth BS and the jth co-channel BS. Notethat a20 jin Equation (5.80) is the path loss and...
... of address and control information to the PDU for routingwithin and between PLMNs. Encapsulation, and its reverse, are performed between theGGSN nodes of PLMNs, and between the SGSN and an MS. ... wider bandwidth systems as more bandwidth is available for 3G networks. We therefore agree that IS-95 is a2.5G system and its evolution to 3G should be smooth. This is not so for 2G TDMA systems which ... architecture.Chapter6Evolution of GSM and cdmaOne to3G Systems 6.1 IntroductionThe previous chapters have concentrated on the two leading second generation (2G) cellular systems: GSM and IS-95. These systems are deployed...
... Dordrecht, 1991.[13] C.C. Lee, Fuzzy logic in control systems: Fuzzy logiccontroller, Parts I and II, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 20 (2) (1990) 404–435.[14] H. Maaref, ... small) for the valuesbetween 0.2 and 0.7, Z (approximately zero) for thevalues between −0.2 and 0.2, NS (negative small) forthe values between −0.2 and −0.7, and NB (negativebig) for the values ... ∗) are different and they differ from only one linguistic concept (PSinstead of PB and Z instead of PS and NS). So, wecan claim that the extracted rules are quite logical and coherent. Moreover,...
... positioned in such a way as to allow sufficient guard bands between other ser-vices operating above and below the cellular band and between the A and B services. Con-sequently, the CDMA carriers ... spectral guard bands between the different operatorfrequency blocks (unless adjacent blocks are allocated to the same operator) and betweenthe systems that occupy the frequency bands above and below ... US cellular band (800 MHz) and we shall use the term ‘CDMA-PCS’ to describe thePCS system operating in the 1.9 GHz band. In many cases our discussion will relate to both systems and in this case...