heat and mass transfer in freeze drying

... (1998), Solar drying systems: Simulations and optimization, Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur, pp 131-133 Haghighi K., Segerlind L.J, (1988), Modeling Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer in Isotropic ... Chen C.S., Clayton J T (1973), Simultaneuos Heat and Mass Diffusion in Biological Material, Trans ASAE, pp 69-73 Luikov, A V (1980), Heat and mass transfer, Mir Publisher, Moscow Peebles E D, ... Trans ASEA, pp 31 Husain A., Chen C.S., Clayton J T, Whitney L.F (1972), Mathematical Simulation of Mass and Heat Transfer in High Moisture Foods, Trans ASAE, pp 55-59 224 Husain A., Chen C.S., Clayton...

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 08:31

... Jean-Michel Hugo and Frédéric Topin Heat and Mass Transfer in Matrices of Hygroscopic Wheels C R Ruivo, J J Costa and A R Figueiredo 187 219 245 Treatment of Rising Damp in Historical Buildings Ana ... dampening of the RH variation in a room and its hygroscopicity level, which is mainly dependant on the surface finishing materials and furnishing According to the principle, a hygroscopic inertia index ... epoxy paint and the four edges were covered with aluminium tape, allowing vapour transfer only in the main face The Evaluation of Hygroscopic Inertia 31 Fig Mass variation stable cycle in MBV...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:20

... electronic cooling, ceramic processing, and overland flow during rainfall In thermal insulation engineering, an appreciable insulating effect is derived by placing porous material in the gap between ... Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker’s stress jump conditions for the flow, heat and mass transfer in porous/fluid coupled domains, and to investigate their effects on local and global heat and mass transfer; ... number in x and y directions in inlet int interface line in reactor interface interface value l east, west, north, and south point of control volume n north w west p control volume center point;...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 21:13

... kinetic models must include detailed transport phenomena since char gasification is a process controlled by both chemical reactions and internal and external mass and heat transfer processes Indeed, ... adopted and the ability of the developed model in predicting the thermo-chemistry of char gasification and the heat and mass transfer phenomena within the downdraft reactor Simulations In this ... of the initial size at the reactor inlet (shrinking caused by the flaming-pyrolysis step) [13] - Conversion of bio-char particles in the reduction zone is achieved following the shrinking unreacted...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:31

... Thermal and Mass Diffusion Effects 10.15.1 Conservation Equations and Scaling Analysis 10.15.2 Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy 10.16 Solutions for Natural Convection Caused by Combined Thermal and Mass ... Notation w X Y y Velocity in z direction in Cartesian coordinates, in θ direction in cylindrical coordinates, or in ϕ direction in spherical coordinates (m/s); work per unit mass (W/kg) Mole fraction ... convection heat and mass transfer all the more challenging Perhaps the two biggest challenges for an instructor of a graduate-level course in convection are defining a scope for the course and striking...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 19:20

... convection and the superposition of free and forced convection Finally an introduction to heat transfer in compressible fluids is presented In the fourth chapter the heat and mass transfer in condensation ... chapter, which contains the basic concepts and fundamental laws of heat and mass transfer The student obtains an overview of the different modes of heat and mass transfer, and learns at an early ... solved using the balance equations and the heat and mass transfer coefficients, without requiring too deep a knowledge of the theory of heat and mass transfer Such problems are dealt with in the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:27

... practice, and whether the discipline of heat transfer would remain relevant After weighing various arguments, we concluded that the future of engineering was bright and that heat transfer would remain ... involving fluid flow), the in ow and outflow terms also include energy (thermal and mechanical) that is advected (carried) by mass entering and leaving the control volume For instance, if the mass ... recommendations Chapter Introduction sets the stage for any course in heat transfer It explains the linkage between heat transfer and thermodynamics, and it reveals the relevance and richness of the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:51

... 2.10 2.13 Find the difference in pressure between tanks A and B, if d1 ¼ ft, d2 ¼ in. , d3 ¼ 2.4 in. , and d4 ¼ in Find the pressure at point A Air B b d4 45° H2O in A in Water temp = 150°F in Kerosene ... Engineering Department at Oregon State University with expertise in biochemical engineering He has had a significant in uence on this edition’s sections on mass transfer, both in the text and in ... Chapter Introduction to Momentum Transfer Of specific interest in momentum transfer is the description of the point-to-point variation in the pressure Denoting the directions east and north in Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:51

... thickness and thermal conductivity of a single pane window and the air space of a double pane window Representative winter surface temperatures of single pane and air space FIND: Heat loss through single ... thickness and thermal conductivity of a single pane window and the air space of a double pane window Representative winter surface temperatures of single pane and air space FIND: Heat loss through single ... KNOWN: Speed, width, thickness and initial and final temperatures of 304 stainless steel in an annealing process Dimensions of annealing oven and temperature, emissivity and convection coefficient...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:52

... mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Current printing (last digit): PRINTED ... unsteady-stute conductive heut trunsfe r Infinite cylinder and sphere Figure 7.2.8-4 Unsteady-state heat transfer in an infinite cylinder with uniform initial temperature and constant surface temperatwe ... only what is happening at points in time, not points in space We may use information about space effects (initial and boundary conditions) in evaluating terms (integrals) in the model, but we...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:53

... involvement of mass flow and mixing This is the mode of heat transfer through solid barriers and is encountered extensively in heat transfer equipment design as well as in heating and cooling of various ... adding the insulation, the surface temperature is reduced to 160°C and again the heat loss is mainly due to radiation, the surroundings in both cases being at 25°C Determine the change in heat transfer ... HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER A sphere of 0.5m diameter containing hot fluid has an insulation of 0.1m thickness Before adding the insulation, the surface temperature was 260°C and heat loss was mainly...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 10:55

... on the internal and external active surface The Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation modeling routines were implemented in Fortran 90 and the equations solved numerically applying the ... Rodrigo and José J Linares Chapter Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in a Fin -and- Tube Air Heat Exchanger under Full and Partial Dehumidification Conditions Riad Benelmir and Junhua ... of topics in heat and mass transfer processes for a variety of industrial applications The research papers provide information and guidelines in terms of theory, mathematical modeling and experimental...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... Therefore, the MPL 30 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation does not only have influence in terms of mass transfer limitations, but in kinetic and ohmic ones due to an excess of insulator material ... Ion Exchange Resin: Experimental Parameters and Modeling”, D.Sc Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (In Portuguese) 16 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation ... simulation results 14 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation showed that either the maximum capacity of the adsorbent and the kinetic constant of adsorption and desorption influenced significantly...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... 2h Condensate mass flux Condensate-film Fig Heat and mass transfer phenomenon around a fin-tube As the fins spacing is very weak regarding the fins height and length, heat and mass transfer along ... 44 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation 2l 2l Pl 2h 2h Pt air Pl Pt tube fin Fig Schematic of fins arranged around tubes lined up or ranked in staggered rows The investigation of heat ... first determined by solving the mass and momentum balance equations The heat and mass balance equations are then solved by a finite volume method after subdividing the fin in several sub-fin regions...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... zero when going up the inlet and outlet or the upper and lower fin edges, and is also minimal near the tube surface 2.4.2 Solving heat and mass transfer equations The heat and mass transfer problem ... the other hand, the influence of ui on the heat transfer is such as the total heat rate increase with increasing the flow regime In the case of an ideal fin, the heat transfer increasing is quicker ... was determined, the water vapor, air stream and fin heat and mass balance equations were solved simultaneously It Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in a Fin -and- Tube Air Heat Exchanger...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... straight tube In this study, nitrogen was used as a driving gas and carrying gas with an inlet pressure of 1.4 and 1.6 MPa for the heating gas and powder carrying gas separately Heating gas temperature ... coating Probable 76 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation Fig Morphology of the cold sprayed coatings before and after steam reforming Process Intensification of Steam Reforming for ... strong heat effect And it will be more useful in large scale catalyst reactors due to the increasing heat and mass resistance in the catalytic bed Process intensification of steam reforming by...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... describing the natural and forced convective heat and mass transfer regimes for nanofluids flowing in semi-infinite geometries, i.e external boundary layer flows along 96 Heat and Mass Transfer ... to a degradation in the heat Fig 10 Heat transfer coefficient at wall for CuO / water nanofluid Heat and Mass Transfer in External Boundary Layer Flows Using Nanofluids 107 transfer enhancement ... Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling and Simulation Fig 12 Velocity boundary layer for CuO / water nanofluid Fig 13 Velocity boundary layer for Alumina / water nanofluid Heat and Mass Transfer in External...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids Int J Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.43 pp.3701-3707 116 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation Wang, X.-Q &, Mujumdar, A.S (2007) Heat transfer ... Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure using nanofluids Int J Heat Mass Transf Vol 46 pp.3639-3653 Heat and Mass Transfer in External Boundary Layer Flows Using Nanofluids ... traducing both heat and mass transfer in forced convection It clearly appears that the thermal flow rate is strongly dependent 113 Heat and Mass Transfer in External Boundary Layer Flows Using...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... 146 Heat and Mass Transfer – Modeling and Simulation The parameter k, which occurs in the models of the first drying period, determines the initial drying rate 2.2 The second period of drying ... reached The factors that influence the drying process in the first period of drying are the conditions of external heat and mass exchange in the system: drying product and surrounding air movement For ... occurrence of shrinkage during drying The course and time of drying process depend on drying conditions, on temperature and moisture profiles developed during the drying process, and above all,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... constant drying rate takes place Verified models of the first drying period Eqs (9) and (11) taking into account drying shrinkage confirm that the decrease of the drying rate during the first drying ... 0.95 10 Number of terms in infinite series Fig RMSE vs number of terms in infinite series in Eq (31) and R2 vs number of terms in infinite series in Eq (31) (first drying period – Eq (11), Bi∞): ... Number of terms in infinite series Fig Moisture diffusion coefficient vs number of terms in infinite series in Eq (31) and RMSE vs number of terms in infinite series in Eq (31) (first drying period...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20