... data support the finding that the
polluted air is often transported out of the MexicoCityair basin and carried aloft into the regional
air masses downwind of the city.
b
NO
y
includes NO, NO
2
, ... understanding will be gained from this project, it will not provide the final
solution to the complex pollution problem inMexico City. The experience gained, and the
infrastructure created for Mexico ... north and east into the basin from the north in the late
afternoon, driven by the heating of the elevated terrain in central Mexico; (2) local valley-to-basin
flow in which southerly winds would...
... symptoms
ã
Increase in medication usage
ã
Increase in hospital admissions
ã
Increase in mortality
ã
Effects on pulmonary function, particularly in asthmatics
ã
Increase in airway allergic inflammatory ... of mainly traffic-related air pollution.
WHICH EFFECTS ARE CAUSED BY AIR POLLUTION?
Exposure to ambient airpollution has been linked to a number of different health
outcomes, starting from ... by
ambient air quality monitoring but also by modelling. Air quality modelling
is particularly important in linking pollution levels to emission sources.
Modelling of ambient air quality on...
... matter.
Data from animal studies indicate that several PAHs may induce a number of adverse
health effects, including immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive
toxicity. BaP ... Uncertainty in quantifying and applying exposure-response estimates 24
5. How are health costs valued? 26
5.1. Valuing health endpoints 26
5.2. Health cost of airpollution 32
5.3. Health ... owing to rounding.
Health Costs of AirPollutionin the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Region 11
Table 3.1: Summary of adverse healtheffectsfrom PM exposure and
susceptible populations
Health...
... 1239-6095 (print) ISSN 1797-2469 (online) Helsinki 30 April 2009
Effects of airpollutionfrom a nickel–copper industrial
complex on boreal forest vegetation in the joint Russian–
Norwegian–Finnish ... of airpollutionfrom the Petchenganickel industrial complex, northwestern part
of the Kola Peninsula, on forest vegetation was studied by combining three dormant moni-
toring networks in Finland, ... Scots pine 67
Pinus–Vaccinium vitis-idaea X X Birch, X X X
Scots pine
F13 F4 42.3 177 3 Scots pine ~200
Pinus–Vaccinium vitis-idaea X Scots pine X X
F14 F1 42.7 100 3 Scots pine 200+
Pinus–Cladonia...
... approximate, but they indicate the importance of particulate airpollution when indicators
are established to monitor healtheffects of air pollution.
A few other healtheffects of airpollution have ... developed - the airshed areas
have been determined from airshed modelling and their correspondence with the existing city
boundaries is coincidental).
The city areas used are illustrated in Figures ... concentrations of air pollutants to their effects on health; in fact
they provide the slope of a regression line relating concentrations to health effects. The slope
of the regression line is the relative...
... of disease from indoor air
pollutionin India. In: Raw G, Aizlewood C, Warren P, eds.
Indoor
Air 99, the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality
and Climate, August 1999, Edinburgh.
London, ... found
1083Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000, 78 (9)
Indoor airpollutionin developing countries
Indoor airpollutionin developing countries: a
major environmental and public health challenge
Nigel ... be closely
linked to development work in a range of countries
and settings.
Discussion
Evidence on health effects
This review of the healtheffects of indoor air
pollutionin developing countries...
... developing lung cancer. In
animals, exposure to acrylonitrile in the air or in drinking water
has been found to increase the number of tumors occurring in
the brain, salivary glands, and intestines. ... found
in outdoor air. It is also produced from the burning of gasoline.
Health effects are generally seen in the respiratory system.
There is currently no definitive information on the carcinogenic-
ity ... Closer Look at AirPollutionin Houston:
Identifying Priority Health Risks
Report of the Mayor's Task Force
on the HealthEffects of Air Pollution
Convened by the
I NSTITUTE FOR HEALTH POLICY
Under...
... link by
quantifying the impacts of airpollutionin eastern
China on public healthin 2000, and the benefits in
improved air quality and health that could be
obtained by 2020, relative to business-as-usual
(BAU), ... in ation rate in China
between 1998 and 2000 was À1% and that the per
capita income in China is projected to increase from
$840 in 2000 to $4008 in 2020, the resulting VSL is
$34,235 in 2000 and ... Mortality and AirPollution Study Part
II: Morbidity and Mortality FromAirPollutionin the United
States. HealthEffects Institute, Cambridge, MA.
Samoli, E., et al., 2003. Investigating the dose-response...
... scientifically independent
review of the health aspects of air quality in Europe. A Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC),
consisting of independent experts in the field of healtheffectsfromair pollution, ... also Use of guidelines in protecting public health in: Air quality guidelines for
Europe (3).
In responding to the question on thresholds, the WG noted the following:
· Increasingly sensitive ...
particles originating from internal combustion engines, coal burning, residual oil combustion and
wood burning have strong inflammatory potential. In comparison, wind-blown dust of crustal
origin seems...
... particle pollution against carcinogen pollutionin 6 of 7 Boston pubs studied before the smoking banFigure 3
The regression of respirable particle pollution against carcinogen pollutionin 6 of ... AH: Indoor Air Pollution, Tobacco Smoke,
and Public Health. SCIENCE 1980, 208:464-474.
15. Ott WR: Mathematical models for predicting indoor air qual-
ity from smoking activity. Environmental Health ... Other HealthEffects U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health, Cinncinati, OH; 1991.
4. U.S. EPA, HealthEffects of Passive Smoking:...
... relate to people dying earlier than they would in the
absence of air pollution. Morbidity relates instead to illness, ranging from minor effects such as coughing to life threatening conditions that ... used interchangeably in this document, reflecting common usage. In all cases externalities
are calculated to give marginal figures, or figures cose to being marginal. The dominance of health ... of pollutant from any facility can simply be assessed by dividing the
concentration field arising from total emissions from the plant in a year, by the annual emission in tonnes. Linearity of...