hazard too big to fail systemic risk

... authors point to the necessity to change ‘the rules of the game’ to realize what they hold out to be the inspiring potential to: drive fundamental changes into the current markets, which today create ... that a typology of investors with a pure financial interest versus investors with purely ESG concerns, is far too simplistic Most of mainstream investors agree ethical factors play a role – albeit ... responsible investment into what it is today and into what might happen tomorrow, most market participants will agree that it has to be taken seriously That is exactly what this book aims to We did not...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2014, 23:32

... We are ready to give our advice and provide, where appropriate, our technical assistance to jurisdictions that commit to taking steps for necessary reform We are prepared to act together when ... take stock of existing legal tools and the agencies that administer them in each of our countries that would be available to identify, trace, and seize such laundered assets, as a first step to ... demonstrate failure to meet certain standards and are not committed to enhancing their level of compliance with international standards, we will take steps to encourage jurisdictions to make the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20

... distance will be too short if measured by the carrier phase and too long if measured by the code, compared with the actual distance [3] The ionospheric delay is proportional to the number of ... low accuracy level was due to the effect of the so-called selective availability, a technique used to intentionally degrade the autonomous real-time positioning accuracy to unauthorized users [3] ... the autonomous GPS horizontal accuracy will be about 8.5m (95% of the time) or better [5] The addition of the C/A-code to L2, although it improves the autonomous GPS accuracy, was found to be...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... This fresh navigation data is sent to one of the ground control stations to upload it to the GPS satellites through the S-band link 8 Introduction to GPS Monitoring the GPS system integrity is ... low accuracy level was due to the effect of the so-called selective availability, a technique used to intentionally degrade the autonomous real-time positioning accuracy to unauthorized users [3] ... horizontal accuracy is expected to improve to about 22m (95% Introduction to GPS R2 R3 R2 R1 R1 R3 Figure 1.5 Basic idea of GPS positioning probability level) [7, 11] To further improve the GPS positioning...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... the autonomous GPS horizontal accuracy will be about 8.5m (95% of the time) or better [5] The addition of the C/A-code to L2, although it improves the autonomous GPS accuracy, was found to be ... important to GPS users UTC is an atomic time scale based on the International Atomic Time (TAI) TAI is a uniform time scale, which is computed based on independent time scales generated by atomic ... measurements 22 Introduction to GPS number of complete cycles remains unknown, or ambiguous This is, therefore, commonly known as the initial cycle ambiguity, or the ambiguity bias Fortunately,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... distance will be too short if measured by the carrier phase and too long if measured by the code, compared with the actual distance [3] The ionospheric delay is proportional to the number of ... receivers To ensure national security, the U.S DoD 30 Introduction to GPS implemented the so-called selective availability (SA) on Block II GPS satellites to deny accurate real-time autonomous ... ephemeris error is usually in the order of 2m to 5m, and can reach up to 50m under selective availability [3] According to [2], the range error due to the combined effect of the ephemeris and the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... suffer from distortion [3] In fact, this is similar to trying to flatten the peel of one-half of an orange; we will have to stretch portions and shrink others, which results in distorting the original ... planning, rout monitoring, and automatic alarms, to name a few, are all supported by ECDIS ECDIS and Radar/Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) may be superimposed on a single display to provide a system ... transformation parameters, which once downloaded into the GPS data collector will be used to automatically transform all the new coordinates into the local coordinate system Alternatively, if the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... makes a brief stop at each point to collect the GPS data The data is usually collected at a 1- to 2-second recording rate for a period of about 30 seconds per each stop Similar to the previous ... within up to 10–15 km) of a known point 76 Introduction to GPS Base (fixed) Rover (moving) Figure 5.5 Stop-and-go GPS surveying The survey starts by first determining the initial integer ambiguity ... rover receivers to obtain the rover coordinates The initial ambiguity parameters are determined almost instantaneously using a technique called on-the-fly (OTF) ambiguity resolution, to be discussed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... initialization, the rover receiver can move to the points to be surveyed With this method, the receiver uses the ambiguity parameters determined during the initialization to solve for the coordinates of ... that the integer ambiguity parameters be determined while the receiver is in motion, or on the fly [5] Resolving the ambiguities on the fly, often called on-the-fly ambiguity Ambiguity-Resolution ... initialization 6.2 On-the-fly ambiguity resolution On-the-fly (OTF) ambiguity resolution is an advanced technique developed recently to determine the initial integer ambiguity parameters without static...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... L-band To access either service, a subscriber needs the system data receiver to receive and decode the DGPS corrections The data receiver must be interfaced to a differential-ready GPS receiver to ... receiver to construct the DGPS corrections This pager-sized FM receiver must be interfaced to a differentialready GPS receiver to obtain the corrected position Accuracy of the order of 1m to 10m ... rates, however, are 100 and 200 bps In most of the cases, an integrity monitoring (IM) unit is colocated with the RS to monitor its performance (see Figure 7.2) A user equipped with an MSK beacon...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... 1947 to investigate issues related to maritime telecommunications Special Committee No 104 (SC-104) was established in 1983 to develop recommendations for transmitting differential corrections to ... is restricted to 60 columns (characters) All times are referred to the GPS time system in the SP3 data standards Figure 8.3 Example of a RINEX meteorological file 106 Introduction to GPS A precise ... 102 Introduction to GPS the ASCII format is known to take more storage space than a file in the binary format, it provides more distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... operates is to set up the GPS antenna in a nearby open area, which allows the GPS system to operate normally without losing lock to the GPS satellites With the help of a digital compass, a reflectorless ... scale-factor determination One way of determining the scale factor is by driving the vehicle over a known distance Unfortunately, however, the odometer scale factor changes over time due mainly to ... it very difficult for an operator to effectively send out assistance As such, the U.S Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has made it mandatory that, as of October 2001, wireless emergency...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... information to a central location, GPS enables contractors to deploy their equipment more efficiently Moreover, vehicle operators can be efficiently guided to their destinations 10.5 GPS for monitoring ... information is then mapped to show the yield rate Easy -to- use integrated systems with only a few buttons are now available on the market DGPS corrections are available from the governmentoperated DGPS/beacon ... operator to identify and monitor the exact location of the resources (Figure 10.2) With the help of GIS and a good communication system, appropriate decisions can be made In the past, aerial photography...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... years, improved onboard atomic clocks, and the facility to transmit the C/A code on both L1 and L2 carrier frequencies [4] GPS and GLONASS systems may be integrated to improve geometry and positioning ... Some prototype satellites will be launched in 2004, along with the establishment of a minimal ground infrastructure, to validate the system The constellation deployment phase is scheduled to begin ... is a civil-controlled satellite system to be delivered through a public-private partnership [10] Three different constellation types were investigated to ensure the optimum selection of the Galileo...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... ratio of the 2drms to the CEP varies from 2.4 to This means that an accuracy of 40m (CEP) is equivalent to 100m (2drms) for a ratio of 2.5 The spherical error probable (SEP) is used to express the ... in Toronto, Canada He received a Ph.D in GPS from the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at the University of New Brunswick He also worked in the same department as a postdoctoral ... 42–43 Modernization, 15–16 Modified transverse Mercator (MTM) projection, 59–60 173 Ocean bottom cable (OBC), 140 OMNISTAR, 96 On-the-fly (OTF) ambiguity resolution, 78, 88–89 covariance matrix,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... a big problem because only FHFA had the statutory power to put Fannie and Freddie into conservatorship We had to convince its people that this was the right thing to do, while making sure to ... statement to the press I described four key steps we were taking: FHFA would place the companies into conservatorship; the government would provide up to $100 billion to each company to backstop any ... friend and mentor to me When Goldman went public, I convinced him to join our board of directors There are different ways to build relationships It helps to socialize, but I liked to sell substance...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2014, 23:21

... This fresh navigation data is sent to one of the ground control stations to upload it to the GPS satellites through the S-band link 8 Introduction to GPS Monitoring the GPS system integrity is ... low accuracy level was due to the effect of the so-called selective availability, a technique used to intentionally degrade the autonomous real-time positioning accuracy to unauthorized users [3] ... horizontal accuracy is expected to improve to about 22m (95% Introduction to GPS R2 R3 R2 R1 R1 R3 Figure 1.5 Basic idea of GPS positioning probability level) [7, 11] To further improve the GPS positioning...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2016, 18:55

... 300 15 Country Risk and Sovereign Risk Analysis 303 15.1 Factors of Influence on Country Risk 304 15.2 Country Risk Analysis and Ratings .306 15.3 Sovereign Risk Analysis and ... liabilities to foreign central banks, the gold coverage had fallen to 55% by 1970, and to 22% by 1971 Thus, from 1963, had the foreign central banks tried to convert their dollar reserves into gold, ... exchange rate formula are designed to measure, for an individual country, the relative importance of each of the other countries as a competitor to its manufacturing sector In the case of the UK, the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20

... an important tool to help ensure additionality Continue to strengthen the focus Agree in areas where additionality is high and seek to increase the share of the program in high -risk markets and ... particularly in LICs, to meet market demand They also asked management to continue paying close attention to pricing to avoid undercutting or exceeding the market and to further reach out to second-tier ... and Africa continued to be its main focus In December 2008, IFC went back to the Board to request that the program ceiling be doubled to $3 billion so that it could respond to the unfolding global...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:08

... an important tool to help ensure additionality Continue to strengthen the focus Agree in areas where additionality is high and seek to increase the share of the program in high -risk markets and ... particularly in LICs, to meet market demand They also asked management to continue paying close attention to pricing to avoid undercutting or exceeding the market and to further reach out to second-tier ... and Africa continued to be its main focus In December 2008, IFC went back to the Board to request that the program ceiling be doubled to $3 billion so that it could respond to the unfolding global...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:13