have to spanish translation

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2013, 10:10

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 15:20

... tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early. Sáng mai tôi không làm việc, vì vậy tôi không phải dậy sớm. D Bạn có thể dùng have got to thay cho have to. Vì vậy bạn có thể nói: I’ve got to ... vậy bạn có thể nói: I’ve got to work tomorrow hay I have to work tomorrow. Sáng mai tôi phải làm việc. When has Ann got to go? hay When does Ann have to go? Khi nào Ann sẽ phải đi?         Must, ... mai chúng ta phải đi. Bạn có thể dùng have to cho mọi thì. I had to go to the hospital. (past) Tôi đã phải đến bệnh viện. Have you ever had to go to hospital? ( present perfect ) Bạn...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 22:15

... Boxes Using Windows Forms It is common to have to assign products to categories, which is a one -to- many relationship. Sometimes you want to be able to do this in a somewhat bulk fashion. One ... button pointing to the right (>), then the item is moved to the Selected Products list box. If you select items in the Selected Products list box and click on the arrow button pointing to ... code in Listing 8.8 to the Click event of the btnUnSelect command button. Again, this code is similar to the previous step, but it is used to set the CategoryID column to null if the product...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:16

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:04

... introduce linguistic knowledge into the hierarchical phrase- based model. Marton and Resnik (2008) took the source parse tree into account and added soft con- straints to hierarchical phrase-based ... hierarchical chunk -to- string model into two models: a loose model which is more similar to the hierarchical phrase-based model and a tight model which is more similar to the tree -to- string model. ... robust to parsing errors. We refine the hi- erarchical chunk -to- string model into two models: a loose model (more similar to the hierarchical phrase- based model) and a tight model (more similar to...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... source term and partial translation to a search engine is a good strategy used by many translators. Unfortunately, the user still has to sift through snippets to find the translations. For a given ... labeled with translation tags and three kinds feature values to train a CRF model. 3.2 Run-Time Translation Extraction With the trained CRF model, we then attempt to find translations for ... a term may have many alternative translations that does not match exactly with one single reference translation. To give a more accurate estimate of real precision, we resorted to manual evaluation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... managed to be tackled during extracting rules from an aligned forest-string pair: where to cut and how to cut. Equation 1 was used again to compute a frontier node set to determine where to cut ... transla- tion rules to large-scale Japanese-English transla- tion tasks. Finally, we conclude in Section 5. 2 Related Work 2.1 Tree -to- string and string -to- tree translations Tree -to- string translation ... koroshita parsing Bottom-up decoding tree -to- string string -to- tree Figure 1: Illustration of the training and decod- ing processes for tree -to- string and string -to- tree translations. f J 1 is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... apply forest into tree -to- tree (Zhang et al., 2007) and tree-sequence -to- string models(Liu et al., 2007) respectively. Different from Liu et al. (2009), we apply forest into a new constituency tree to de- pendency ... forest-based constituency -to- constituency model, they put more emphasize on how to utilize parse forest to increase the tree -to- tree rule coverage. By contrast, we only use 1-best dependency trees on the target side to ... forest-based constituency -to- dependency translation model, which combines the advantages of both tree -to- string and string -to- tree systems, runs fast and guarantees grammaticality of the output. To learn the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... address 1. To take advantage of existing decoding tech- niques, it is necessary to convert a derivation forest to a translation forest. A hyperedge in a transla- tion forest corresponds to a translation ... using tree -to- string rules that allow for both substitution and adjoining. We describe how to convert TAG derivations to translation forest (Sec- tion 4). We evaluated the new tree -to- string system on ... (2008) describe how to convert a derived tree to a translation forest using tree -to- string rules only allowing for substitution. Unfortunately, it is not straightforward to convert a derivation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... In the second setting, we allow the model to use up to 100 translations, and to automatically select the best number to use. As seen in Table 3, (n=16) translations were chosen for Russian and ... 2006. Ini- tial explorations in English to Turkish statistical ma- chine translation. In NAACL workshop on statistical machine translation. Jenny Finkel, Christopher Manning, and Andrew Ng. 2006. ... marker gen- eration (Toutanova and Suzuki, 2007). This paper describes a successful attempt to in- tegrate a subcomponent for generating word inflec- tions into a statistical machine translation (SMT) system....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... don't have a replacement or time to change to bulb, you can refer to your handouts without stopping the flow of your speech. Using Notes (cont.) Here are suggestions to consider ... always have extras. I recommend keeping a copy of your handouts for two reasons. First, you have a copy to refer to during your presentation. Also, if you are using an overhead projector and ... their body. One strategy is to double space your typed text. This leaves room for you to jot down notes and cues about which words to emphasize and gestures to accompany certain sentences,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... required to create transformations for tuning the average voice closer to the target voice. In addition to the supervised adaptation us- ing annotated speech, it is also possible to em- ploy ASR to ... decreased to fit in a mobile phone and fast WiFi and 3G networks have spread widely to connect them to even more powerful computa- tion servers. Several hand-held S2ST applications and devices have ... Kobayashi, K. Takeda, N. Minematsu, S. Sagayama, K. Itou, A. Ito, M. Ya- mamoto, A. Yamada, T. Utsuro, and K. Shikano. 2000. Free software toolkit for japanese large vo- cabulary continuous speech...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... rnode to pnode 22: Ancestors[pnode] = Ancestors[pnode] ∪ (Ancestors[lnode] ∩ Ancestors[rnode]) 23: Label[pnode] = min{Label[pnode], CONCATENATE(Label[lnode], Label[rnode])} translation to evaluate ... English to German, French, Spanish and Czech tracks. 1 Introduction In recent years, researchers have explored a wide spectrum of approaches to incorporate syntax and structure into machine translation ... Research xiaoyunwu@google.com Abstract Tree -to- string translation is syntax-aware and efficient but sensitive to parsing errors. Forest- to- string translation approaches mitigate the risk of propagating parser errors into transla- tion...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... for tree -to- string translation. The de- coder operates top-down and maintains a derivation history of translation rules encountered. The history is exactly the vertical chain of ancestors correspond- ing ... have gained popularity in recent years due to their speed and simplicity. The input to the translation system is a source parse tree and the output is the target string. Huang and Mi (2010) have recently ... threshold. 3 Tree -to- string decoding with rule Markov models In this paper, we use our rule Markov model frame- work in the context of tree -to- string translation. Tree -to- string translation systems...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... effects on tree -to- string translation due to decoding on incorrect source parse trees. To ad- dress the parse error issue in tree -to- string transla- tion, a natural solution is to use n-best parse ... Decoding Generalization for Tree -to- String Translation Jingbo Zhu Tong Xiao Natural Language Processing Laboratory Natural Language Processing Laboratory Northeastern University, Shenyang, ... tree -to- string decoding is to search for the best derivation that converts the source tree into a target-language string. A deriva- tion is a sequence of translation steps (i.e., the use of translation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... 1 () I Te Data structures: 12 [, ]hj j To store translations to a span 12 [, ] j j 1: for s = 0 to J -1 do // s: span length 2: for 1 j = 1 to J - s , 2 j = 1 j + s do 3: for each rule ... problems, Liu et al. (2007) propose to use forest -to- string rules to enhance the expressive power of their tree -to- string model. As is inherent in a tree -to- string framework, Liu et al.’s method ... STSG-based translation model performs much better than the supervised one. The motiva- tion behind all these work is to exploit linguistical- ly syntactic structure features to model the translation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21