... Bcl-2 proteins relocate to the surface of mitochondria during apoptosis They induce the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane with the release of cytochrome c andthe formation of the ... event in the repair of DNA damage andthe induction of DNA degradation leading to cell death; therefore, the phosphorylated form of H2AX (cH2AX) is a sensitive marker for DNA double-stranded breaks ... of the effect on upstream and downstream proteins as well as the target proteins, we therefore have to consider the combinations of apoptosis inducer ⁄ inhibitor, detection method and target proteins...
... The reaction mixtures were as in the standard assay, except that the components specified in the Results were added, andthe concentrations of the substrate and enzyme varied as required for the ... 8-oxoG THF is a good ligand for Fpg and OGG1, with their affinity for THF-containing DNA closely paralleling the affinity for 8-oxoG-containing DNA [23,26], and these particular ligands have been successfully ... [19,20] The results of the fluorescence titration experiments are summarized in Fig In the absence of MgCl2, the affinity of Fpg for the THF:C ligand was 1.6-fold higher than for the THF:A ligand The...
... CSD proteinsand these are called dbpB (also known as YB-1, MSY-1, chkYB-1b, EF1A, p50 and FRGY1) and dbpA (MSY4, chkYB-2 and YB2/RYBa) DbpB and dbpA CSD proteins are ubiquitously expressed and ... dbpB/YB-1 proteins MSY-4 and chkYB-2 are dbpA proteins, and MSY2 and FRGY2 are germ cell-specific CSD proteins lapped the consensus CSD sequence in the VEGF 5¢-UTR site (Fig 8A) Consistent with the ... complexes binding to the VEGF 5¢- and 3¢-UTR sites contained both CSD and PTB proteinsand it was observed that both the consensus CSD sequence andthe downstream PTB sequence, within these sites, were...
... whether Sp1 and Sp3 could bind to the same GA motif, we prepared appropriate GST fusion proteinsand performed EMSAs with the P3 probe that included the GA motif Specific and different shifted bands ... the effects on the expression of the Dnmt1 gene by Sp1 or Sp3, which bound to the similar elements (Fig 3) The two proteins are found in the same cells and are indistinguishable in terms of DNA- binding ... in the text DNAandproteins were cross-linked with formaldehyde, andDNA was sheared and immunoprecipitated with Sp1- or Sp3-specific antibody (2 lgÆmL)1 each) After reversal of crosslinks, DNA...
... the Seas The surfaces of the oceans are surprisingly empty There is an ecological niche there and it could get filled, by or design Things will get interesting and different, if and when it happens ... Wesch’s The end of wonder in the age of whatever”… the reader will share the excitement and joy of this integration of futurism and popular science According to the author, “My goal is a view of the ... meaninglessness and meaning References and Further Reading (44 Pages) Acknowledgments (1 Page) About the Cover Artists and Designers (3 Pages) About the Author (1 Page) Foreword to The Human Race to the...
... Þ=n where A and B are the MICs of drug A and drug B in the combination, MICA and MICB are the MICs of drug A and drug B alone, FICA and FICB are the FICs of drug A and drug B and n is the number ... into the subphase, andthe increment in surface pressure of the LPS film upon intercalation of the peptide dissolved in the subphase was monitored for the next 37 The difference between the initial ... found to affect the integrity of the microbial plasma membrane andthe synthesis of the microbial cell wall To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first example of the effects of...
... for and then removed This procedure is sufficient to stretch theDNA strands when DNA is brought in small droplet The interaction between DNAandthe hydrophobic surface is very strong, so that DNA ... of the combed DNA, by its color and by its strong intensity corresponding to the high density of the Alexa fluor contained in the beads These fluorescent spots were then due to the presence of the ... theDNA strands When the beads were noncoupled to C1q, no such binding was observed on DNA strands (data not shown) These results indicate that C1q mediates the attachment of the spheres to DNA, ...
... genes and their flanking regions The plasmid pBG3a was digested with XhoI and DraIII to remove nptII After the removal of the 3¢ overhang andthe filling of the 5¢ overhang of the plasmid with T4 DNApolymerase, ... host strain for pBG2a and pBG2b The nptII inserts together with the flanking regions (Ôqor-upÕ and Ôqor-downÕ) were removed from pBG2a and pBG2b using HindIII, and inserted into the HindIII restriction ... added to the respective medium DNA techniques Standard recombinant DNA techniques were used for DNA isolation [38,39] and restriction, agarose gel electrophoresis and cloning [38] Random digoxigenin...
... coincide within the limits of experimental accuracy and therefore the heat-capacity change on unfolding will be the same for the wild-type andthe mutant protein The quality of the multiple-curve ... to or lower than the corresponding ones for other nonthermophilic proteins Therefore, there seems to be no shift in the stability curve with the hyperthermophilic HUTmar protein The average specific ... 3.50 andthe °C difference in Tm between the wild-type andthe E34D mutant at both pH 4.00 and 3.75 decreases to only °C at pH 3.50 These values, together with the fact that in HUBst, in which the...
... binds to DNAandDNA L the complex between DNAand L The intrinsic binding constant, KB, is defined by the equation [24,28,29]: KB ¼ y ð1 À yÞð DNA 0 À ny½L0 Þ ð14Þ Here, [DNA] 0 and [L]0 are the initial ... the thermopile potential difference at times t and 0), a is the area under the calorimetric curve andthe time-axis over the interval (t – 0), A is the total area under the calorimetric curve and ... A5 and B2 have elucidated the binding constant (KB) andthe standard thermodynamic parameters (Db H ,Db G0 and Db S ) for m m m the binding of BLM-A5 to calf thymus DNA using microcalorimetry The...
... in the low-frequency (A) and high-frequency (B) regions The bottom lines show the 12C16O complex, the middle lines the 13 18 C O complex, andthe top lines the difference spectra between the ... domain andDNA To understand whether the bHLHPAS-A domain of NPAS2 can bind to DNA with the E-box sequence, we injected the heme-bound bHLHPAS-A domain onto the E-box-bound sensor chip, andthe decrease ... further examine the nature of the heme environment of the bHLH-PAS-A domain of NPAS2, we analyzed the resonance Raman spectra of the Fe(III), Fe(II) and Fe(II)–CO complexes The spectra of the...
... each other in the hupK gene and its regulatory region One of them contained the hupK-hypC1DE genes (pBRKCDE), andthe other one contained only the hypC1DE genes (pBRCDE) The presence of the pleiotropic ... the middle portion of theproteins appeared variable The highest homology was found at the C-terminus and, the hynD gene at bp 107 of the 471 bp-long gene Thus, the hypC2 andthe hynD genes are ... protein [12] In the model based on the observations in E coli, first the HypC– HypD complex is formed, where the Fe gets liganded by CO and two CN with the involvement of HypF and HypE [9] Then HypC,...
... of these restriction polymorphisms, the sizes of the rDNAs were similar When fragment sizes of the digested rDNAs were summed, the gene was estimated to be in the same size range as those of other ... 1989; Rogers et al, 1989) Therefore, we used the rDNA probe of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus to survey the extent of interstrain and interspecies variation in the rDNA of 14 isolates from ... Bk-Br and L bicolor (Maire) Orton Hybridization patterns conlaccata firmed that C cinereus rDNA had strong sequence homology with rDNA of the in- vestigated mycorrhizal fungi (fig 1) The rDNA of these...
... performed the experimental work, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript RG conceived of the study, performed the design and coordination of the study, analyzed the data, and revised the manuscript ... used the broad-range PCR, cloning and sequencing the entire 16S rDNA and demonstrated the presence of a large number of bacterial DNA in the synovial tissue (ST) of patients with ReA, UA, and other ... study, and drafted the manuscript MR has assisted in writing the manuscript AH and AS analyzed microbiological and sequencing data, and revised the manuscript All authors read and approved the final...
... domain proteins reside in the inner nuclear membrane and function with other proteins to form a physical link between the nucleoskeleton andthe cytoskeleton These bridges transfer forces across the ... within the maize SUN genes showed that the gene structures are conserved within each class The CCSD genes had two or three exons, andthe SUN domain was split between the exons On the other hand, the ... performed the Solexa mRNA transcription profiles for ZmSUN1-5 and GAPDH SPM and HWB and CRS interpreted the results, and SPM and HWB wrote the manuscript All authors read and approved the final...
... one around residue 186 [30] andthe other around residues 103 and 106 [41] The NS1 protein of “mink/84” possessed the amino acid Glu186, Phe103 and Met106, whereas the NS1 protein of “chicken/49” ... contributed to the interpretation of the findings and revised the manuscript GM , contributed to and revised the manuscript SB contributed to conception, interpretation of data, and revised the manuscript ... of the nuclear pore complex as well as the mRNA export machinery [29-34] The N-terminal RNA binding domain binds to both single- and double-stranded RNA that might inhibit the activation and/ or...
... drafted the manuscript KM participated in the design of the study and analysed the results PP, RF, KN and KM constructed the expression vectors and produced and purified the recombinant HCV proteins ... infection Clearly the core, NS3, NS4B and NS5A represented the major antigenic proteins By Western blotting antibody responses against the viral glycoproteins, E1 and E2 andthe NS4A protein were ... genotypes (Fig 4) In the case of core and NS4B proteinsthe antibody titers against these proteins were practically even between the different genotypes There was some variation when the antibody titers...
... thus, they are probably cytosolic or nuclear proteins Number and structure of EF hand The number of EF hands in the rice EF-hand-containing proteins varied from to A summary of the number of proteins ... 1) and AtCaM portion of the tree was expanded and shown in the bottom right corner proteins in the rice genome The functions of most proteins encoded by these genes are still unknown Nonetheless, ... known Cam and CML gene structures and chromosomal distribution The structures of the OsCam and OsCML genes were mapped by comparing their full length cDNAs with the corresponding genomic DNA sequences...
... 20 The authors declare that there are no competing interests Authors' Contributions VK designed and performed the experimental work andthe data analysis SZ directed and coordinated the study and ... Further study of the interactions of EIF4G1, CBP80 and EIF4A1 may thus be important in elucidating Rev function and viral RNA export, as well as the synthesis of viral proteins While some of the ... is correct, then the selective targeting of such DEAD box factors might offer another means of ending HIV latency and for depleting latent HIV reservoirs The DEAD box proteinsand other RNA helicases...