grammatical metaphor in english business letters

... numbers of business letters, business letters with grammatical metaphor, instances of grammatical metaphor and clauses are shown below: No of business letters: 20 No of business letters with grammatical ... formal letters used for business- to -business, business- toclient, or client-to -business correspondence These two definitions share some common features In general, business letters refer to business ... And business letters are very frequently used means in today's business communication by business firms to keep in touch with their customers 3.3 Classification of Business English letters Business...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2015, 14:19

... grammatical metaphor in English business letters? 2) What types of grammatical metaphor are used in English business letters? Scope of the study Grammatical metaphor in the chosen corpus of English business ... of grammatical metaphor used No of business letters: 20 No of business letters with grammatical metaphor: 20 No of instances of grammatical metaphor: 418 No of clauses in these 20 business letters: ... use of grammatical metaphor The frequency of use of grammatical metaphor in the business letters was shown in terms of, first the percentage of business letters containing grammatical metaphor, ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:47

... Existential Category of meaning „doing‟ „doing‟ „happening‟ „behaving‟ „sensing‟ „seeing‟ „feeling‟ „thinking‟ „saying‟ „being‟ „attributing‟ „identifying‟ „existing‟ Participants Actor, Goal ... analyzing GM in English 11 CHAPTER THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH 2.1 Introduction The aim of this chapter is to figure out a theoretical framework for analyzing GM in ... without losing its experiential meaning in creating EPD Another significant remark should be put here is that GM brings about a loss in experiential meaning, leaving the interpretation of the metaphorical...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2015, 14:31

... theme 2.4 Concluding remarks In short, we have provided an investigation into GM in English with the emphasis on its nature and classification CHAPTER GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH PHARMACEUTICAL ... bear in mind that: (1) (in) congruence is always a matter of degree, (2) expression and meaning cannot be separated since the expression is the meaning, and (3) more metaphorical wordings are inherently ... and predicated themes This finding suggests that the EPDs mainly focus on presenting information 3.7 Concluding remarks This chapter attempts to find out some main linguistic characteristics of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:51

... NOMINALIZATION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE: A GENERAL DESCRIPTION……………….………………13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Nominalization in English 13 2.2.1 What is Nominalization in English? ... research on nominalization as grammatical metaphor in political discourse poses an interesting challenge for us Secondly, an insight into the nature and the functions of nominalization in political ... make an inquiry into the nature of nominalization in English and Vietnamese in general This study also points out the functions of nominalization in political discourse and therefore explains why...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:52

... writing English business letters Three kinds of bad-news business letters are analyzed are: - Letters of refusing a complaint - Letters of turning down a credit - Letters of refusing an order From ... “speech acts” In English, they are commonly given such specific labels as apologizing, complaining, requesting, inviting, informing, complimenting or promising etc Breaking bad news is a kind of speech ... Thus, many kinds of business letters include bad news in them For example, some bad-news related letters are: Letters of refusing a request Letters of turning down a claim Letters of refusing to complete...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:27

... agreement • Errors in verb tense • Errors in verb form Errors in noun endings • Errors in pluralization • Errors in adding morphemes Errors in articles Errors in using words 31 • Errors in prepositions ... prevailingly is the division of errors into interlingual errors and intralingual errors Because, two major factors that contributed to the presence of 22 errors in students’ written work are interlingual ... of “doing” such as read, play; it also indicates the state of “being”, “feeling” or “being in relationship to” such as remain, contain, regret, etc A verb can imply the action or the doing of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:04

... 1.3.4 Levels of Conceptual Metaphor 10 1.3.5 Types of Conceptual Metaphor 11 1.3.6 Some features of Conceptual Metaphor 14 1.4 Animal Metaphor and The Great Chain of Being Metaphor 15 Chapter 2: ... An overview of Cognitive Linguistics 1.2 An overview of Cognitive Semantics 1.3 Conceptual Metaphor Theory 1.3.1 Definition of Conceptual Metaphor 1.3.2 Domain and Mapping 1.3.3 Image – schema ... UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGE & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** HỒ THỊ THU TRANG WAYS OF DENOTING CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH DOMESTIC ANIMAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH (Các Cách...

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2015, 11:54

... ―conceptual metaphor According to cognitive linguistics, a conceptual metaphor is a mapping of the structure of a source domain onto a target domain, in which the target domain is understood in terms ... 1.3.5.2 Invariance principle Lakoff (1993) proposes the Invariance Principle to guarantee that the mapping is consistent in the both the source and target domain The Invariance Principle states: ―Metaphorical ... domains for a particular target domain as well as in a second step the possibilities for individual mappings In a container schema, for example, source domain interiors correspond to target domain...

Ngày tải lên: 28/02/2015, 11:54

... objectives of business English learners, teachers have to find out the best ways to teach business performance skills such as socializing, telephoning, meeting, presentation, and report writing In all ... CRISIS financial immediate looming possible ongoing underlying economic sovereign mounting full-blown continuing growing potential imminent slow-moving unshakable full-on European Adjectives in the ... experience in dealing with collocations in business discourse as a tutor of business learners, this thesis provides a comprehensive research on collocations of keywords in a variety of business articles...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2015, 14:18

... 1994) In order to achieve these broad objectives of business English learners, teachers have to find out the best ways to teach business performance skills such as socializing, telephoning, meeting, ... writer’s personal interest in collocations as a researcher and observations of students’ tough experience in dealing with collocations in business discourse as a tutor of business learners, this ... ability to combine lexical (and grammatical) chunks in order to produce fluent, accurate, as well as semantically and stylistically appropriate utterances For business English learners in particular,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:46

... objectives of business English learners, teachers have to find out the best ways to teach business performance skills such as socializing, telephoning, meeting, presentation, and report writing In all ... experience in dealing with collocations in business discourse as a tutor of business learners, this thesis provides a comprehensive research on collocations of keywords in a variety of business articles ... of factual information in business articles in order to accurately report the issues Table 4: Adjectives collocating with CRISIS financial immediate looming possible ongoing underlying economic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:46

... Grammatical Metaphor Interpersonal grammatical metaphor in general is organized in two types, metaphors of mood and metaphors of modality 2.2.4 Ideational Grammatical Metaphor Ideational grammatical metaphors ... Ambiguity In English: (94) China Investment [196] We can understand (94) in two ways: (94a): China invests something in some place (94b): some country invests something in China In Vietnamese: (96) Theo ... Investigation into Nominalized Adjectives in English and Vietnamese An Investigation into Nominalized Verbs in English and Vietnamese A Contrastive Analysis of Nominalized Clause in English and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2016, 18:40

... ENCLOSURE Planning a Business Letter A business letter is not a place for chit-chat Unlike business conversations where a certain amount of small talk is used to break the ice, a business letter ... year Writing a Business Letter The term "business letter" makes people nervous Many people with English as a second language worry that their writing is not advanced enough for business writing This ... patience in waiting for a response After your short opening, state the main point of your letter in one or two sentences:    I'm writing to enquire about I'm interested in the job opening posted...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2017, 14:13

... Bundle: bó, bọc, gói Bunker: lấy nhiên liệu Buoy: phao Burden of proving: nghĩa vụ chứng minh Bursting: nổ Business: Nghiệp vụ, việc kinh doanh Buyer: người mua By gravity: tự chảy, tác dụng trọng ... thiệp, gặp gỡ Contain: chứa đựng, bao gồm Container: côngtenơ Container ship: tàu chở côngtenơ Contamination: làm hỏng, làm bẩn Content: nội dung Continuation: tiếp tục, làm tiếp Continue the present ... chất chúng Commands for mooring: lệnh buộc dây C/O = care of: nhờ, chuyển giúp, để chuyển cho Cabin: cabin, buồng ngủ (ở tàu thuỷ) Cable: cáp, lin Cadet: sĩ quan (sinh viên) thực tập trền tàu...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 09:15

... In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is defined as understanding one more powerful instruments in the eyes of Lakoff and Johnson Metaphors conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain; ... the English teaching - learning and translating in English and Vietnamese 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS the use of metaphor is not restricted to this kind of language Metaphor exists as a common fact in ... of two corresponding concepts [7] genres.2.2.2 Classification of Metaphors Galperin (1981) divides metaphors into two main types: Genuine metaphors and Trite metaphors [7] According to the degree...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:25

... Thi Van Lam in An Investigation into the English Words and Idioms Denoting Happiness (2002) presents some interesting findings on teaching and learning vocabulary in terms of the meaning of new ... unhappiness in English or in Vietnamese in this pattern There are four idioms in this pattern in English (2.0%), meanwhile, there is no idiom containing words expressing unhappiness in Vietnamese In ... expressing unhappiness in English and Vietnamese 3.4 PROCEDURES The steps will be involved: - Collecting words and idioms expressing unhappiness in English and in Vietnamese from books, magazines,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:29

... listen in English and nghe in Vietnamese Thirdly, WRHs in four meanings can combine with N or NP whose meanings relate to sounds Fourthly, the number of WRHs of the meaning and meaning in English ... Firstly, in grammatical aspect, all WRHs in both languages are verbs And except “listen” in English that is intransitive, the most Secondly, in meaning and meaning English WRHs can verbs in the ... verbs denoting the concept of seeing in differences between WIRHs in English and Vietnamese English and Vietnamese - to provide some suggestions for teaching/learning vocabulary in In Vietnamese,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:31

... in business letters is useful in teaching and learning English The study can be applied in some different aspects of teaching and learning English Firstly, in learning and teaching business letters ... in business letters in term of speech acts However, we only research the speech acts in business letters on surface There are a large number kinds of letters written in business, we can not include ... at: - Emphasizing the importance of speech acts in business letters on surface - Making the matter of business letters less complicated and upgrading the style of English business letters for the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:12