goodness and fairness combined
Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Busy Bursts for Trading off Throughput and Fairness in Cellular OFDMA-TDD" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 23:20
... towards the cellcentre users, fairness is compromised Hence, by adjusting Ith , system throughput is traded off for fairness A common measure to quantify fairness is Jain’s fairness index [22], defined ... system where two users achieve Mbps and Mbps would result in a poorer fairness index than a system where both users achieve only 0.5 Mbps When analysing fairness, the fairness definition (12) should ... BS2 Suppose that in cell both MS2 and MS3 contend with MS1 in cell for chunks (n, k) and (n , k) In case MS2 and EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking G1 BS1 G3 G2 MS1 d tol...
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Báo cáo y học: "The feasibility of axial and coronal combined imaging using multi-detector row computed tomography for the diagnosis and treatment of a primary spontaneous pneumothora" pps
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 09:21
... reconstructed: mm thick axial CT scans and mm thick coronal images The axial images of the upper and lower lung fields were obtained at mm and 10 mm intervals and reconstructed using a high spatial ... detected was 1.4 ± 1.0 (range, 14), 1.5 ± 1.0 (range, 1-4) and 1.7 ± 1.0 (range, 1-5) in the axial, coronal, and axial and coronal combined views (Table 1) Although the detection with the coronal ... axial and coronal views were combined compared to the traditional axial HRCT Although seven ELCs were overlooked in the combined view compared to direct inspection, the sensitivity of the combined...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 1 pps
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... arrays of wires and split-ring resonators, [382] and by transmission line elements [415–417,437,450], and have been shown to exhibit the properties predicted by Veselago When rel < and μrel < 0, ... dielectrics, conductors, and birefringent media, (b) guided waves propagating in hollow waveguides, transmission lines, and optical fibers, and (c) propagating waves generated by antennas and apertures † ... shows the real and imaginary parts of Eq (1.11.13) for the case of a negative effective oscillator strength f = −1 The normal and anomalous dispersion bands still correspond to the bands where the...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 2 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... c − vb c − va (2.11.1) where fa and fb are the frequencies measured in the rest frames of the source Sa and observer Sb , and va and vb are the velocities of Sa and Sb with respect to the propagation ... and is used in many applications, such as AM, FM, and cell phones Thus, one can predict that the lengths of AM radio, FM radio, and cell phone antennas will be of the order of 75 m, 0.75 m, and ... follows Curl the fingers of your left and right hands into a fist and point both thumbs towards the direction of propagation If the fingers of your right (left) hand are curling in the direction of...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 3 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... 3.2 Front Velocity and Causality 85 3.2 Front Velocity and Causality For a general linear system H(ω)= |H(ω)|e−jφ(ω) , one has the standard concepts of phase delay, group delay, and signal-front ... Dispersion and Pulse Spreading 97 ˆ Because F(0, ω − ω0 ) restricts the effective range of integration in Eq (3.5.5) to a narrow band about ω0 , one can expand k(ω) to a Taylor series about ω0 and keep ... applications and in the fast and slow light experiments that have been carried out thus far, care has been taken to minimize these effects by operating in frequency bands where α0 , α0 are small and by...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 4 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... the TE and TM uniform plane wave solutions are given by Eqs (4.6.18) and (4.6.27) We will use these results in Sects 8.10 and 8.12 to discuss reflection and refraction in birefringent media and multilayer ... with wavenumber k+ and backward with k− , and the reverse is true of the E− (z) component The forward-moving component of E+ and the backward-moving component of E− , that is, ER+ and ER− , are (4.3.12) ... permittivity matrix be hermitian and positive-definite, which implies that , , are real, and moreover, > 0, | | ≤ , and > The quantity is proportional to the external magnetic field and reverses sign with...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 5 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... back and forth at the left and right interfaces Expanding Eq (5.4.5) in a partial fraction expansion and then in power series in z−1 gives: ∞ Γ1 (z)= Evaluating this expression for δ = 0.01 and ... reflection and transmission coefficients, also known as the reflectance and transmittance, give the percentage of the incident power that gets reflected and transmitted: 160 Reflection and Transmission ... onto a thick conductor with conductivity σ , and = , μ = μ0 Determine the reflected and transmitted electric and magnetic fields to first-order in ηc /η0 and in the limit of a perfect conductor (ηc...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 6 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... wavelength λ and as a function of frequency f = c0 /λ The high and low indices are nH = 2.32 and nL = 1.38, corresponding to zinc sulfide (ZnS) and magnesium fluoride The incident medium is air and the ... multiband mirrors and (b) longpass and shortpass filters that pass long or short wavelengths, in analogy with lowpass and highpass filters that pass low or high frequencies Example 6.3.4: Multiband ... requirement that the transmission and reflection responses T(z) and Γ(z) be stable and causal transfer functions The order-increasing and order-decreasing recursions Eqs (6.6.19) and (6.6.46) can also be...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 7 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... positive-index lossless medium, μ > and > 0, and the right one is lossless with μ < and < 0, and consider a propagating incident wave with kx = nk0 sin θ and kz = nk0 cos θ and assume, for now, that n ... refraction and critical angle of reflection for (a) an air-glass interface and (b) an air-water interface The refractive indices of glass and water at optical frequencies are: nglass = 1.5 and nwater ... determine, because if n = and n = nglass , then sin(θc )= n/n = 1/nglass , and if n = nglass and n = 1, then, sin(θc )= n /n = 1/nglass Thus, θc = θc : θc = asin 1.5 7.5 Maximum Angle and Critical Angle...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 8 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... θH,max = 30o and θB = 34.61o TM TE 0o omnidirectional band f/f0 Fig 8.8.4 TM and TE reflectances for nH = 2, nL = 1.38 20 1.5 40 0 2 60 20 fc0 fc TE and TM bandwidths F1, F2 60 TE and TM bandwidths ... corresponding bandwidth intervals calculated with omniband The indicated intervals are for 0o incidence, for TE and TM, and for the common band Eq (8.8.19) at θa We observe the shifting of the bands towards ... substantial overlap and omnidirectional behavior 0 0.5 TM band TE band At 45o there is a common overlap, but at 80o , the TM band has already moved beyond the 0o band, while the TE band still overlaps...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 9 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... ≤ 1/2b and therefore, f20 ≤ f01 , so that the two lowest cutoff frequencies are f10 and f20 On the other hand, if a/2 ≤ b ≤ a, then f01 ≤ f20 and the two smallest frequencies are f10 and f01 ... with the values quoted in Table 9.6.1 for the C-band and X-band waveguides, WR-159 and WR-90 Example 9.8.2: WR-159 Waveguide Consider the C-band WR-159 air-filled waveguide whose characteristics ... power and have the widest possible bandwidth? What is the cutoff frequency of the guide in GHz and the operating bandwidth? 9.5 Show the following relationship between guide wavelength and group...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 10 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... (10.14.1) and extracting the real and imaginary parts, we can write r and x in terms of Γ, as follows: x = [ , , , , ] + |ΓL | − |ΓL | The relative phase angle between Γl and ΓL is negative, −2βl, and ... typical cases of series and parallel R–L and series and parallel R–C loads The corresponding ZL (s) and ΓL (s) are shown below, where in all cases ΓR = (R − Z0 )/(R + Z0 ) and the parameter a gives ... graphs, add on each graph the left and right bandedge frequencies corresponding to the two SWR levels of SB = and SB = 1.75 Note the wider bandwidth in the lossy case and for the case having Z0 ≥ R...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 11 doc
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... high-reflectance band corresponds to the range |δ| ≤ |κ| The left graph has κl = and the right one κl = As κl increases, the reflection band becomes sharper The asymptotic width of the band is −|κ| ... = L2 ≡ L0 and C1 = C2 ≡ C0 , so that β1 = β2 = ω L0 C0 ≡ β and Z1 = Z2 = L0 /C0 ≡ Z0 , and speed v0 = 1/ L0 C0 Then, the a, b waves and the matrices F, G take the simpler forms: a= −1 Such matrices, ... = Q † Q = I and Ae± = λ± e± The eigenvectors e± are referred to as the even and odd modes To simplify subsequent expressions, we will denote the eigenvalues of A by A± = a0 ± a1 and the ¯ diagonalized...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 12 docx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... Dual-Band Chebyshev Transformers Reflection Response Z0 = 50; ZL = 200; GL = z2g(ZL,Z0); Smax = 1.25; % operating frequency and bandwidth A % attenuation of reflectionless band % given bandedge ... Possible applications are the matching of dual-band antennas operating in the cellular/PCS, GSM/DCS, WLAN, GPS, and ISM bands, and other dual-band RF applications for which the frequency f2 is ... imply that the bandwidths about f1 and f2 are the same: ΔfB = f1R − f1L = f2R − f2L (12.4.29) [f1L,f1R,f2L,f2R] = dualbw(ZL,Z0,r,GB); % bandwidths of dual-band transformer The bandwidth ΔfB is...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 13 potx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... condition Any one of the following criteria are necessary and sufficient for unconditional stability [992]: K K K K K >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 and and and and and |Δ| < B1 > B2 > |S12 S21 | < − |S11 |2 |S12 S21 ... reversible, and we summarize the final relationships below: The left-hand sides represent the power flow into ports and The right-hand sides represent the difference between the power incident on a port and ... requires that any load and generator with |ΓL | < and |ΓG | < will result into |Γin | < and |Γout | < The two-port is termed potentially or conditionally unstable if there are |ΓL | < and |ΓG | < resulting...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 14 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... Green’s function having k = ω/c0 , and V is the right half-space z ≥ 0, and S, the xy-plane Replacing J, ρs in terms of the polarization ∇ and writing ∇ G = −∇ G, and moving ∇ outside the surface ... fields of linear wire antennas, (b) The fields produced by electric and magnetic dipoles, and (c) the Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem and the microscopic origin of the refractive index Then, we go ... · ∇ )∇ G + k2 J G dV (14.3.10) J × ∇ G dV Here, ρ, J stand for ρ(r ), J(r ) The gradient operator ∇ acts inside the integrands only on G and because that depends on the difference r − r , we can...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 15 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... reflected and a portion of it will be intercepted back at the antenna The uplink and downlink wavelengths are λu = 0.05 m and λd = 0.075 m, corresponding to and GHz The up and down free-space gains and ... G1 and G2 and effective noise temperatures T1 and T2 The cascade combination can be replaced by an equivalent device with gain G1 G2 and effective noise temperature T12 624 15 Transmitting and ... sky and picking up the atmospheric sky noise through its mainlobe and partly through its sidelobes, and also picking up noise from the ground through the rest of its sidelobes Assuming the sky and...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 16 pot
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... Δθ i=0 where Δθ = π/N and θi = iΔθ, i = 0, 1, , N − These operations are carried out by the functions dipole and dmax For example, the right graph in Fig 16.4.1 and Dmax and ΔΩ were generated ... × I φ δ(ρ − a)δ(z ) ρ dρ dφ dz ˆ The integrations over z and ρ force z = and ρ = a, and therefore, r = a ρ ˆ ˆ Noting that ρ ×φ = ˆ and that the φ -integration contributes a factor of 2π, we ... multiplying and dividing by l, and using the property that the derivative of the unit-step is u (z)= δ(z), we have I(z)= I sin k(l/2 − |z|) cos θ Inserting Fz (θ) into Eq (16.1.7), and canceling...
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Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas combined - Chapter 17 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 02:20
... = n·∇ ∂n where G and E stand for G(r − r ) and E(r ) and the integration is over r The quantity ˆ ∂/∂n is the directional derivative along n The negative sign in the right-hand side ˆ arises ... assuming that E and H behave like radiation fields with asymptotic form E → const e−jkr /r and H → ˆ × E/η.† Thus, dropping the S∞ term, and adding r and subtracting k2 G E in the left-hand side, we ... (in radians and in degrees): Δθx = 0.886 dB field strength As the polar angles vary over ≤ θ ≤ 90o and ≤ φ ≤ 360o , the quantities vx and vy vary over the limits −a/λ ≤ vx ≤ a/λ and −b/λ ≤ vy...
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