giáo trình kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng anh

... could tell us about people’s behavior But in real life, preferences are not directly observable: we have to discover people’s preferences from observing their behavior In this chapter we’ll develop ... other aspect of her economic environment have changed In any event, a violation of this sort is not con- sistent with the model of consumer choice in an unchanged environment The theory of consumer ... not be affordable The consumer in Figure 7.4 has violated WARP Thus we know that this consumer’s behavior could not have been maximizing behavior.' There is no set of indifference curves that

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 16:15

... SLUTSKY EQUATION Economists often are concerned with how a consumer’s behavior changes in response to changes in the economic environment The case we want to consider in this chapter is how a consumer’s ... compensated for a price rise by having enough income given back to him to purchase his old bun- dle Of course if the price goes down he is “compensated” by having money taken away from him We’ll ... related by the formula Am = x, Ap Solving for Ap, we find Am Ap, = — +1 Now substitute this expression into the last term in (8.2) to get our final formula: Ax, _ Axvi Az? Ap, Ap, Am mm This is the

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... chapter we will examine how the earlier model must be modified so as to describe this kind of behavior 9.1 Net and Gross Demands As before, we will limit ourselves to the two-good model We now sup- ... a seller depending on the relative prices of the two goods 9.3 Changing the Endowment In our previous analysis of choice we examined how the optimal consump- tion changed as the money income changed ... we’ve established about the properties of demand behav- ior applies directly to the supply behavior of a consumer—because supply is just negative demand If the gross demand curve is always downward

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE In this chapter we continue our examination of consumer behavior by con- sidering the choices involved in saving and consuming over time Choices of consumption over time are known ... changing interest rates Suppose, for example, that the interest earned on savings from period 1 to 2 is 71, while savings from period 2 to 3 earn rg Then $1 in period 1 will grow to (1+71)(1+ ... on saving will reduce the amount of money that people want to save, but the subsidy on borrowing will increase the amount of money that people want to borrow EXAMPLE: Scholarships and Savings

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 02:15

... ASSET MARKETS Assets are goods that provide a flow of services over time Assets can provide a flow of consumption services, like housing services, or can provide a flow of money that can be used ... consumption Assets that provide a monetary flow are called financial assets The bonds that we discussed in the last chapter are examples of financial assets The flow of services they provide is the flow ... stock provide different patterns of cash flows In this chapter we will examine the functioning of asset markets under conditions of complete certainty about the future flow of services provided

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 02:15

... philatelist auction or Vickrey auction The first name is due to the fact that this auction form was originally used by stamp collectors; the second name is in honor of William Vickrey, who received ... Zealand government auctioned off some of the spectrum for use by radio, television, and cellu- lar telephones, using a Vickrey auction In one case, the winning bid was NZ$100,000, but the second-highest ... is it optimal to state your true value in a Vickrey auction? We saw that for the standard sealed-bid auction, this is not generally the case But the Vickrey auction is different: the surprising

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... 1 TECHNOLOGY In this chapter we begin our study of firm behavior The first thing to do is to examine the constraints on a firm’s behavior When a firm makes choices it faces many constraints These ... referred to as the property of free disposal: if the firm can costlessly dispose of any inputs, having extra inputs around can’t hurt it Second, we will often assume that the technology is convex ... This is depicted in Figure 18.4 By choosing the level at which you operate each of the two activities, you can produce a given amount of output in a variety of different ways In particular, every

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... reason that the companies, having proved almost cruel to the third-class passengers and mean to the second-class ones, become lavish in dealing with first-class customers Having refused the poor what ... they receive an enhanced level of service: more space, better food, and more attention Coach-class travelers, on the other hand, receive a lower level of service on all these dimensions This sort ... price discrimi- nation, each unit of the good is sold to the individual who values it most highly, at the maximum price that this individual is willing to pay for it Consider Figure 25.1, which illustrates

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... Chapter 11: Pricing with Market Power 162 2. If the demand for drive-in movies is more elastic for couples than for single individuals, it will be optimal for theaters to charge one admission fee ... showing the movie is zero, i.e., all costs are fixed and do not vary with the number of cars. The theater should set its entry fee to capture the consumer surplus of the driver, a single viewer, ... producers use the same base point and calculate transportation charges from this base point. Individual customers are then quoted the same price. For example, in FTC v. Cement Institute, 333 U.S.

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 20:20

... president of an ailing savings and loan is paid not to stay in his job for the last two years of his contract The marginal revenue product of the president of the ailing savings and loan is likely ... occurs where MRPL = w If w = 30, then 30 = 120 - 20L at the optimum Solving for L yields 4.5 hours per day Similarly, if w = 60, solving for L yields hours per day 241 Chapter 14: Markets for Factor ... explain the following: a A famous tennis star is paid $100,000 for appearing in a 30-second television commercial The actor who plays his doubles partner is paid $500 Marginal revenue product

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 20:20

... 180 b 80 20 60 0 80 How much public television would a competitive private market provide? To find the number of hours that the private market would provide, we ... describe the effect of the following legislative proposals on your behavior. As a result of these programs, do you, the individual smoker, benefit? Does society benefit as a whole? Since smoking ... into a contract for pollination services 290 Chapter 18: Externalities and Public Goods 9 There are three groups in a community Their demand curves for public television in hours of programming,

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 20:20

... Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior PART II PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, AND COMPETITIVE MARKETS CHAPTER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW What are the four basic assumptions about individual preferences? ... the marginal utility of a movie is 1: MRS = −4 = − MU ball =− MU movie Now the marginal utility per dollar can be computed: MU ball = = Pball 40 10 MU movie = Pmovie 12 Describe the equal marginal ... up movie tickets if he wanted to buy another basketball ticket Notice also, that the marginal utility per dollar is higher for movie tickets so Bill will be better off if he consumes more movie

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 20:20

... economics Don’t worry if it all goes by rather quickly This chapter is meant only to provide a quick overview of how these ideas can be used Later on we will study them in substantially more detail ... reservation price p it means that he or she would be just indifferent between living in the inner ring and paying a price p and living in the outer ring Thus the number of apartments that will be rented ... 1.4 The Supply Curve We now have a nice graphical representation of demand behavior, so let us turn to supply behavior Here we have to think about the nature of the market we are examining The

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... compatible with any kind of behavior? Or are there some kinds of behavior that the economic model of consumer behavior rules out? It turns out that there are restrictions on behavior imposed by the maximizing ... consumer demand behavior seems sensible, there are some difficulties with the definitions in more general environments For example, if we use the above definitions in a situation involving more than ... point of view Figure 6.15 depicts the inverse demand function—or the direct demand function, depending on your point of view Dị inverse demand curve p,04) x Inverse demand curve [If you view

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... k 25 Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior 3. If Jane is currently willing to trade 4 movie tickets for 1 basketball ticket then she must like basketball better than movies. True or false? Explain. This ... indifference curves that represent the following individuals’ preferences for hamburgers and soft drinks. Indicate the direction in which the individuals’ satisfaction (or utility) is increasing. ... gets no extra satisfaction from having more of the other good. She will only increase her satisfaction if she has more of both goods. 24 Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior hamb urger soft drin k e. Bill

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 14:15

... Chapter 4: Individual and Market Demand Formatted: Space Before: 1.2 line, After: 1.2 line, Line spacing: 1.5 lines CHAPTER INDIVIDUAL AND MARKET DEMAND EXERCISES An individual sets aside ... both quantities and prices of the products to determine total sales revenue 10 By observing an individual’s behavior in the situations outlined below, determine the relevant income elasticities of ... curve, and the Engel curves for clothing and food 41 Formatted: Bullets and Numbering Chapter 4: Individual and Market Demand Price Price Quantity Quantity Clothing Food Clothing Food Income Formatted:

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 14:15

... sản xuất kinh tế để sản xuất thơng qua tích tụ vốn tiến công nghệ David Spencer/ Chau Van Thanh Chương trình giảng dạy kinh tế Fulbright Niên khóa 2006-07 Kinh tế vĩ mô Tăng trưởng kinh tế d Cả ... ứng dụng khác nhau: David Spencer/ Chau Van Thanh Chương trình giảng dạy kinh tế Fulbright Niên khóa 2006-07 • • Kinh tế vĩ mô Tăng trưởng kinh tế Trong chương “Nền kinh tế dài hạn”: dài hạn có ... {hãy cho n = nhằm đơn giản hoá trình bày} David Spencer/ Chau Van Thanh Chương trình giảng dạy kinh tế Fulbright Niên khóa 2006-07 Kinh tế vĩ mô Tăng trưởng kinh tế f Kết của: • Tăng s: y (δ +

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 10:16

... thông dụng.) Kinh tế vĩ mô kinh tế vi mô Kinh tế vi mô liên quan tới vi? ??c nghiên cứu công ty riêng lẻ loại thị trường riêng lẻ Kinh tế vĩ mô liên quan tới vi? ??c nghiên cứu tổng thể kinh tế Phân tích ... Kinh tế vĩ mô TheGioiEbook Chương Định nghĩa Kinh tế học Tác giả: John Kane Người dịch: Nguyễn Hương Lan Điều thảo luận vấn đề định nghĩa "kinh tế học" Các nhà kinh tế nói chung ... quan tới nỗ lực mô tả kinh tế hoạt động Kinh tế học chuẩn tắc (normative analysis) dựa định hướng giá trị để đánh giá kiến nghị sách thay Với tư cách môn khoa học xã hội, kinh tế học cố gắng dựa

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2013, 09:31

... học kinh tế 1.2.1 Xét theo tầm khái quát chung Kinh tế học chia thành hai phân ngành lớn kinh tế học vi mo kinh tế học vĩ mô * Kinh tế học vi mô ( Microeconomics) “Nghiên cứu hoạt động kinh tế ... GIÁO TRÌNH KINH TẾ VĨ MƠ KINH TẾ HỌC VĨ MÔ CHƯƠNG ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ KINH TẾ HỌC VĨ MÔ VÀ SỰ QUẢN LÝ NHÀ NƯỚC VỀ KINH TẾ I MỘT SỐ KHÁI NIỆM CƠ BẢN Kinh tế Ngày nay, từ ktế bao hàm nội ... hoảng kinh tế 3.4.2 Nền kinh tế huy (command Economy) Ngược lại kinh tế thị trường, kinh tế huy CP người định tồn bộ, điển hình kinh tế Liên Xô cũ Vi? ??t Nam trước định hướng theo mơ hình kinh tế

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2013, 22:11

... a kinh t v mô kinh t vi mô, s khác bi t ph ng pháp nghiên c u c a kinh t h c v i khoa h c kinh t khác Cách th c t ch c c a m t n n kinh t h n h p, ch c n ng c b n c a m t n n kinh t vi c gi i ... 6: T ng cung chu k kinh doanh - Ch ng 7: Th t nghi p l m phát - Ch ng 8: Kinh t v mô c a n n kinh t m Nh m cung c p nh ng ki n th c c b n c a kinh t h c v mô, t p tài li u đ c trình bày theo cách ... H C VI N CƠNG NGH B U CHÍNH VI N THÔNG -( - SÁCH H NG D N H C T P KINH T V MÔ Biên so n : Ths TR N TH HÒA L u hành n i b HÀ N I - 2006 L I NĨI U Kinh t v mơ m t môn kinh t c s ,

Ngày tải lên: 15/08/2013, 16:38