genetic variation in nature

... analysis is done by individual genetic profiling (genetic fingerprinting), determining the interrelations between different individuals and evaluating their allele frequency in populations Microsatellite ... with inbreeding coefficients in both populations and interpopulations 30 Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals The inbreeding coefficient of the whole population (FIT = Factor of Inbreeding in ... be divided into: i) inbreeding coefficient of individuals in relation to a subpopulation which includes individuals (FIS = Factor of Inbreeding relative to subpopulation); ii) inbreeding coefficient...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... the succeeding life stages The genetic multiplicity was very large in all samples investigated including single-population samples This finding concurs with results of a recent study in 32 European ... Particularly in oak species, it appears that large genetic variation should be incorporated in productive populations in order to maintain the potential of these populations to adapt to and to survive in ... Survey of genetic variation inferred from enzyme gene markers In: Genetic Variation of Forest Tree Populations in Europe (Müller-Starck G, Ziehe M, eds) Sauerländer-Verlag, Frankfurt-am-Main, 2037...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... unreliably stained and could not be considered The more cathodal zone exhibits bands differing in mobility and staining intensity In addition, a null allele was observed Thus, this zone was interpreted ... latifolia: a discriminant analysis of allozyme variation Can J Genet 210-218 Cytol 27, Ying L, Morgenstern EK (1990) Inheritance and linkage relationships of some isozymes of Larix laricina in New Brunswick, ... genetic distances rising up to 0.099 All alpine samples have relatively large average distances between each other Figure shows the dendrogram resulting from UPGMA clustering based on NEI’s genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... breed Their manner of breeding following the initial crossing is unknown, but is thought to have been uncontrolled The local breeders used inbreeding to improve and to maintain the superior traits ... leptin and was identified as a member of the cytokine family of receptors [37] Mutation in leptin receptor gene results in an obese phenotype identical to that of ob mice [20] Genetic variation in ... with dominantly inherited obesity in humans [38,42] The inactivation of the MC4R gene in the mouse has resulted in a maturity onset obesity syndrome, demonstrating the role of this gene in regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... between strains at synonymous and amino-acid-altering sites and given that about 70% of coding sites are amino-acid altering Thus, 82% of hybridizations should contain no mismatches The remaining probes ... differences in transcript abundance both within and between closely related species [4-12] In some instances, genetic variation in gene expression has been associated with phenotypic variation ... expression differences in the presence and absence of copper sulfate Expression levels were measured using DNA microarrays in the nine strains during exponential growth in rich medium and in rich medium...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex gene being involved in AD pathology, possibly through oxidation of Aβ or ApoE, promoting their aggregation into insoluble complexes, ... the possible role of MPO polymorphism in the development of cognitive decline in MS This study was mainly designed to investigate whether some clinical and individual variables and the occurrence ... directly through oxidationinduced damage to associated neurons [9], there is biologic evidence implicating MPO in the cognitive decline in patients with MS, but no definite data are currently...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:20

... with FEV decline, but this was not replicated in the second independent population, indicating that the role of genetic variation in MMP2 on rate of FEV1 decline is still debatable In contrast ... in MMPs and TIMPs is likely not disturbed due to genetic variations in MMP genes This does not rule out that MMPs play a role in COPD development at all Genetic variations in genes involved in ... Vlagtwedde/Vlaardingen cohort, although with lower significance In contrast to the findings in Vlagtwedde/Vlaardingen, TIMP1 Ile158Ile was not associated with excess decline, but with less FEV decline in females...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... [3] The findings in the present study indicate that certain genetic variation in this gene is influencing the occurrence of allergic rhinitis Altogether, this renders the S100A7 protein a good ... amino acid shifts, respectively Pattern of genetic variation in sequence data As pointed out above, 2965 bp were sequenced in 47 individuals (representing 94 chromosomes) and 12 SNPs and one indel ... shift at amino acid position 28 This SNP is located in exon and is coding for the N-terminal EF-hand In contrast to most of the other S100 proteins, S100A7 is not able to bind calcium in this EF-hand...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... TGLA227, HEL5, HEL9, and BM315 in Jinnan, BM2113 and HEL13 in Chinese Holstein, TGLA227 in Luxi, INRA005 in Jiaxian, and HEL9 and INRA005 in Yanbian, which were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05), ... construct a neighbor-joining tree (Fig 3) revealing the clustering of the eight populations into three groups: (1) Yanbian and Chinese Holstein breeds; (2) Qinchuan, Luxi, and Jinnan breeds; and (3) ... the genetic diversity in Chinese bovine breeds The mean PIC content in the eight studied populations was between 0.85 and 0.90, the Chinese Holstein breed showing the lowest value and the Qinchuan...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... explore the genetic basis of physical activity by conducting a quantitative trait locus (QTL) study in mice Using an F2 population generated from an original cross of two inbred strains differing dramatically ... average daily running speed (meters/minute) obtained by dividing distance by duration This was accomplished for all mice with a solid surface running wheel mounted in their cages that interfaced with ... adding them to the mean weight in the overall population This procedure was useful in decreasing non -genetic sources of body size variation and therefore presumably increasing the statistical power...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... traits in sheep infected with gastro-intestinal parasites were examined Altering genetic relationships between underlying input traits and preferences in the allocation of available dietary protein ... Dotted lines refer to the parasite lifecycle 2.2 Test assumption 1: Introducing co -variation between underlying input traits The underlying genetic input traits were assumed to be uncorrelated in ... found in Vagenas et al [26, 27] Between-animal variation was assumed in animal intrinsic growth abilities, in maintenance requirements, and in animal ability to resist or cope with gastro-intestinal...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... documented variation in levels of inbreeding depression within larger populations in Finland: outcrossing rates in northern populations were somewhat lower than in the south, but inbreeding depression ... understanding of native pinewood biology in Scotland In addition, policy recommendations concerning the seed sourcing of Scots pine in Scotland will be made 29 Mating system in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris ... varying climate in maintaining quantitative trait variation within populations will be discussed Do populations from sites with contrasting annual rainfall differ in their response to droughting...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 05:57

... corroborating evidence for this earlier finding in Singaporean Chinese patients with T2DM Furthermore, nephrinuria was found to be associated with a decline in eGFR even in normoalbuminuric patients ... in Singaporeans 25 Chapter 1.6.3 Introduction Aims of study Aim 1: To investigate the association of NPHS1 SNPs with renal traits including eGFR and albuminuria in T2DM Chinese patients in Singapore ... NPHS1 in mouse insulinoma (MIN6) cells was associated with greater insulin content and improved glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIR) compared to control cells Downregulation of NPHS1 using...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:58

... within site), γ is the vector of random-effects parameters including general combining ability (GCA) for female and male, specific combining ability (SCA), GCA by site interaction, SCA by site interaction, ... distinct variation patterns for the juvenile and transition wood (Fig 2) Variation in α-cellulose, coarseness, and fiber length was greater in transition wood than in juvenile wood In contrast, variation ... correlations indicated that selection for α-cellulose Genetic variation of wood properties content or fiber length could decrease lignin content in a selection program of loblolly pine Increasing α-cellulose...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... be involved in these interactions [5, 7, 16] In other wild cherry genetic trials results regarding G × E interaction for leaf spot susceptibility were contradictory Whereas clone by site interaction ... important genetic gains through clonal selection In particular working with 2005 data, we would have a genetic gain of 12.5 and 13.1% in Areas and Sergude, respectively, when selecting the 50% ... through stomata in early spring Bud burst explained some of the variation in leaf spot incidence (17–65% of the leaf spot clonal variation is due to mean clonal bud burst), but differences in the disease...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... significant genetic variation in juvenile wood region and after ring 11, thus breeding for increasing ED in both regions is feasible From pith to bark phenotypic variation in density components can be interpreted ... steady increase after ring 11 A contrasting result was observed by Hylen [18] in a young Norway spruce progeny test where the LP increased steadily with increasing ring number, for individual ring ... basic density in radiata pine decreased from the pith outward until a minimum reached around ring 9, followed by an increase in heritability with further increase in age In a following paper [25],...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:21

... large genetic coefficients of variation (Tab III) also indicated high expected genetic gains Irrespective of including pine weevil resistance as an operational trait in the maritime pine breeding ... were (i) to determine the level of genetic variation in the susceptibility to pine weevil damage in a subset of the actual P pinaster breeding population in Galicia, (ii) to examine the viability ... growth in newly established plantations of Eucalyptus globulus in northwestern Spain, Ann For Sci 60 (2003) 509– 517 [30] Namkoong G., Maintaining genetic diversity in breeding for resistance in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... Poland) representing 321 families and 25 provenances Trees were planted in spring 1981 in Reix, Creuse (central France, alt 530 m), at a spacing of x m and using a single-tree plot incomplete block ... the two readings on each tree was used in all subsequent analysis The following steps were taken in analyzing the data (in the following, pilodyn, as a trait, means depth of pilodyn pin penetration) ... Heritabilities and additive genetic coefficient of variation in forestry Can J For Res 24, 372-379 Cown DJ (1981) Use of the pilodyn wood tester for estimating wood density in standing trees-influence of site...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... Frankfurt-am-Main, 167-172 Müller-Starck G, Ziehe M (1991) Genetic variation in populations of Fagus sylvatica L, Quercus robur L, and Q petraea Liebl in Germany In: Genetic Variation in European ... diversity in plant species In: Plant Population Genetics, Breeding and Genetic Resources (Brown AH, Clegg MT, Kahler AL, Weir BS, eds) Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 23-42 Kleinschmit J (1993) Intraspecific ... M, eds) Sauerländer’s-Verlag, Frankfurt-am-Main, 141-166 Lumaret R, Michaud H (1991) Genetic variation in holm oak populations In: Genetic Variation in European Populations of Forest Trees (Müller-Starck...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... plant INTRODUCTION genetic structure of beech stands depends on selection and the mating system, in addition to gene flow and genetic drift: The these factors induce inter- and intrapopulation genetic ... and Populations Genetics (PF Brussard, ed) Springer, New York Linhart YB, Mitton JB, Sturgeon KB, Davis ML (1981) Genetic variation in space and time in a population of Ponderosa pine Heredity 46, ... Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant populations Ann Rev Ecol Syst 15, 65-95 Lundkvist K, Rudin D (1977) Genetic variation in eleven populations of Picea Abies as determined by isozyme...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21