general systems theory and ecological systems theory

Ngày tải lên: 30/06/2014, 21:16

... three decades, many new and original contributions have been added to the previous theory, and we believe that today we have a solid and applicable theory of ecological systems far from thermodynamic ... observer from outside the system, and this means that even epistemic systems must be open. We can distinguish between ordered and random systems. Many ordered systems have emergent properties ... derived law. Towards a Thermodynamic Theory for Ecological Systems1 0 This page is intentionally left blank Towards a Thermodynamic Theory for Ecological Systems 2004 Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... profi ts and in many cases help to generate them, by expanding the pool of workers competing for jobs and thus driving down wage bills, and by expanding the range of specialist services and consumer ... further. Cultural Studies and Cultural Theory Firstly, I want to clarify my understanding of the relationship between these two terms: cultural studies and cultural theory. Why do I want to do ... want to maxi- mise their wages and overall standard of living and capitalists who want to minimise wages and maximise profi ts, but involve other types of confl ict and antagonism as well, then...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:22

... which is closely related to the theory of implementation or mechanism design, the incomplete contracts approach pioneered by Grossman and Hart (1986) and Hart and Moore (1990) as another branch ... a weight of 1/3 to Asian banks. Incomplete Contracts and Corporate Governance: Theory and Evidence Case Studies on Chinese Banking and U.S. Franchising by CHEN Shaoling ... is, most future contingencies are hard to describe and foresee ex ante, and as a result, complete contracts are technologically infeasible and decisions on allocating residual control rights—i.e.,...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:02

... the conception and design of the study, the analysis and the drafting and revision of the manu- script. MJ participated in the conception and design of the study and the drafting and revision of ... CTT has been the standard method of item analysis and has been a valuable tool over many years [20]. How- ever, CTT depends on the nature and size of the sample and the nature and number of items ... Lequesne Hip and Knee Indices [28], London Handicap Scale (LHS [29]), Oxford Hip and Knee Questionnaires (OXFORD [30,31]), RAND 36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36 [32]), Western Ontario and MacMaster...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2014, 23:26

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2013, 20:50

... the 38 Embedded Systems – Theory and Design Methodology 2 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH In the future, the automotive safety standard ISO/WD 26262 will be available. In general, based on the safety standards, ... Embedded Systems – Theory and Design Methodology 30 Sachitanand, N.N. (2002). “Embedded systems - A new high growth area”. The Hindu. Bangalore. Scheler, F. and Schröder-Preikschat, ... Framework for Hardware Configurable Embedded Systems 367 Yongpan Liu, Shuangchen Li, Huazhong Yang and Pei Zhang Embedded Systems – Theory and Design Methodology 14 When TTC architectures...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 11:48

... functions K 1 and K 2 such that K 1 ([x, y]) = x and K 2 ([x, y]) = y for all x and y. When z does not code any pair, we could let K 1 and K 2 be undefined on z; here, however, we let K 1 and K 2 ... x, k, and y with y < 10 k and such that either d ≠ 0 and n = d . 10 k + y, or x ≠ 0 and n = x . 10 k+1 + d . 10 k + y. If 10 ≤ d then d is not a digit of n's decimal expansion, and we ... expand the language Lim by adding extra predicate letters and function letters and interpreting them as recursive sets and relations and recursive functions. If we do so, the resulting language...

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 02:03

... Headphones and Slipmats 356 You’re a Star! MiniDisc Recorder (or a Blank Tape) 356 Pack Your Tools and Save the Day 356 Always Be Prepared: Pen and Paper 357 Keep Fuelled with Food and Drink 357 Spread ... creative, and fulfilling one, but you need a lot of patience and practice to get there. DJ turntables, CD players, and mixers are selling so quickly now that they’re in danger of outselling guitars and ... first and foremost about music. The clothes, the cars, the money, and the fame are all very nice, and I’m sure that DJs who get all the attention aren’t complaining, but playing the right music and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 01:19

... information systems from the LSE. Her research interests include health information systems, evaluation of information systems, and the application of critical theory and actor-network theory in ... gained an MSc and a PhD in information systems from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Her teaching and research interests focus on IS implementation and management, and the ... North-Holland, pp. 115–39. Lyytinen, K. and Klein, H.K. (1985), ‘The critical theory of Jürgen Harbermas as a basis for a theory of information systems , in E. Mumford, R. Hirschheim, G. Fitzgerald and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:19

... understand these biases and the possible malignant effects they may have. 2.6 Systems Development: Methods, Politics, and Users This section addresses the theory/ practice relationship and disciplinary ... electronically, associate editors and reviewers to be assigned by the cochairs, reviews and reports to be garnered and evaluated, decisions and recommendations to be made and recorded, and accept/reject letters ... future 8.2 scholars may resolve dualistic tendencies and understand ICTs as simultaneously social and technological. In the third paper, Boland and Lyytinen recall how previous WG 8.2 methods conferences...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:42

... the codes for some specific systems, namely mass memories such as magnetic tapes and disks, logic circuits and systems, data entry systems, and distributed storage systems. Chapter 11 covers the ... Attribute of Digital Systems ’ Proc. IEEE,66 (October 1978): 1109–1125. [AVIZ04] A. Avizienis, J C. Laprie, B. Randell, and C. Landwehr, ‘‘Basic Concepts and Taxonomy of Dependable and Secure Computing,’’ ... demonstrated. Chapter 13 presents the codes for data entry systems . In these systems, in general, nonbinary symbols are routinely used in character recognition systems, and recent two- dimensional symbols. The...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:48

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... Polarization Diversity and Antenna Selection MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications 58 and has better error-rate performance and higher diversity gains than the standard suboptimal detection ... ISBN: 978–1–4200–4602–1. Jafarkhani, H. (2005). Space-Time Coding Theory and Practice, Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 978–0–511–11562–2. 54 MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications • Ω is the beam solid angle through ... multiplexing and diversity in MIMO systems, Journal of Communication and Information Systems Vol. 20(No. 3): 63–76. Ghrayeb, A. (2006). A survey on antenna selection for MIMO communication systems, Information...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... signals of time slot 1 in locations  and , and    ,   are associated estimated input signals of time slot 2, respectively. MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications 72 algorithm is ... MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications 82 As shown in Fig. 12, the performance of both LS-based TBCE and SBCE-ML schemes in a MIMO 4ì4 system is improved respect to MIMO 2ì2. In the other hand, ... Cambridge University Press, (May 2003), ISBN:0521826152. MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications 88 parameters several times and evaluate and compare the results for many runs. This can be very...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... antenna of the original N r ì N t system. 122 MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications 98 where θ L1 and φ L1 are scatterer’s coordinates referring to ... than dipole or generally, is an antenna with electric field in both θ ˆ and φ  directions then the relation between the L1 and L2 coordinate systems is more complicated and the corresponding ... transmit antenna with respect to random transmit antenna dropping for block MMSE over a fixed channel for a fixed N r = 8andvaryingN t . 128 MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications of transmit antennas...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... independent and equally unreliable channels reducing the overall system outage probability. The REP strategy has in general the worst 144 MIMO Systems, Theory and Applications The generalized ... antenna and i-th receive antenna. These channels are assumed to be independent, random and with very slow Rayleigh fading. The h ij are then i.i.d. complex Gaussian random variables with zero mean and ... the tradeoff between capacity and bandwidth efficiency (and multiplexing gain). All these results hold for any kind of i.i.d. channel regardless of the channel pdf and is valid at any SNR. Numerical...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20