gene symbol hadha trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha mitochondrial

... diabetes, which troglitazone was used to treat can arise from genetic mitochondrial dysfunctions in the OXPHOS or mitochondrial biogenesis (Mantena, et al., 2008, Mootha et al., 2003, Patti et ... Figure taken from Chem Res Toxicol (2007) 20: 344-369 28 Genetic mitochondrial abnormalities in the partial Sod2 knockout mouse generate a mitochondrial environment of cumulative endogenous ROS/RNS ... species (ROS /RNS) in the pathogenesis of both rare and common human diseases (Droge, 2002) Mitochondrial diseases due to mutations in nDNA and mtDNA encoding for mitochondrial proteins are complex,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 11:08

... Schistosoma 28 kDa (Schistosoma mansoni, S71584), human alpha (Homo sapiens, NM_000846), mouse alpha (Mus musculus, M73483), and chicken alpha (Gallus gallus, L15386), Schistosoma 26 kDa (Schistosoma ... Ricci, G (2002) GSTB1-1 from Proteus mirabilis: a snapshot of an enzyme in the evolutionary pathway from a redox enzyme to a conjugating enzyme J Biol Chem 277, 18777–18784 49 Alger, H.M & Williams, ... unstable enzyme that may be involved in the conjugation of epoxide substrates and dichlorovos, the active form of the anti-schistosomal drug metrifonate, but no corresponding parasite gene has...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... sáng 26,9 ±0,15oC buổi chiều 27,6 ±0,17oC, nhiệt độ bình quân thí nghiệm xác định hoạt tính men (enzyme) 25,6 ±0,420C vào buổi sáng 26,1 ±0,29oC vào buổi chiều pH tương đối ổn định dao động từ ... lớn, dao động từ 3,60-3,64 mg/L (thí nghiệm LC50) 3,20-3,44 mg/L (thí nghiệm xác định hoạt tính enzyme) Nhìn chung, yếu tố môi trường thời gian thí nghiệm ổn định gần đồng bể, không gây ảnh hưởng ... hoạt tính men cá chép Bảng 1: Các yếu tố môi trường thời gian thí nghiệm Thí nghiệm LC50 Hoạt tính enzyme Sáng 7,8 ±0,05 Chiều 7,9 ±0,04 Nhiệt độ (oC) Sáng Chiều 26,9 ±0,2 27,6 ±0,2 7,9 ±0,03 7,9...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 05:21

... majority of the enzyme activity ( 60%) applied to the phenyl column was lost in this procedure, with less than 5% of enzyme activity being recovered in the unbound fraction No enzyme activity ... lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein) towards the general substrate CDNB (Table 1) Kinetic studies of the purified enzyme were carried out with various concentrations of GSH and CDNB Enzyme activities BgGST CDNB DCNB ... cockroach B Ma and F N Chang heterodimeric or homodimeric proteins Each subunit is approximately 24–28 kDa in size Phylogenetic analysis has revealed the presence of at least six classes of cytosolic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:21

... Mouse enzyme mGSTA4-4 [14] and Drosophila enzyme DmGSTD1-1 [17] are known to have high activities for 4-HNE (specific activities: 65 UÆmg)1 and 32 UÆmg)1, respectively) On the other hand, human enzymes ... such transformation may be a generalized phenomenon Effect of hGSTA4-4 on key cell-cycle genes We also studied the effects of the hGSTA4-4 expression on some of the key genes involved in cell-cycle ... distinct and phylogenetically distant from hGSTA4-4 The murine enzyme mGSTA4-4 has a catalytic efficiency for 4-HNE that is similar to that of hGSTA4-4 [14] However, antibodies against one enzyme not...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... antisera (anti -alpha, anti-mu and anti-pi) It is now accepted that mu, alpha and pi mammalian GST classes have a common precursor the alpha/ pi/mu class which probably arose from theta gene duplication ... identical subunits They are thus homodimers with native apparent molecular weight ranging from 44 to 52 kDa The seventh purified isoform (3-6) is an heterodimer consisting of two subunits: subunits ... 550–750 450–750 5 subunits of the purified isoforms N-terminal amino acid analysis was carried out on a particular subunit in order to evaluate to which class of GST isoforms this subunit may belong...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in a Japanese population Carcinogenesis 16, 2331–2336 Kawajiri, K., Watanabe, J., Eguchi, H & Hayashi, S (1995) Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes and ... GST enzyme activity, as determined in a CDNB conjugation assay AS-6 displayed potent and specific inhibition of GSTM1-1 enzyme activity AS-5 and AS-10, directed against GSTM2, inhibited GSTM2-2 enzyme ... between the GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to bladder, breast and colon cancer Carcinogenesis 14, 1821–1824 14 Wormhoudt, L.W., Commandeur, J.N.M & Vermeulen, N.P.E (1999) Genetic polymorphisms...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:20

... target for HNE binding [33] This key enzyme in cellular defence against oxidative damage supplies NADPH in the mitochondria needed for the regeneration of mitochondrial GSH [34] In the present ... In fact, by modulating the expression of different genes, HNE exhibits a wide array of biological activities, including signal transduction, gene expression, and modulation of cell proliferation ... milligram of protein Citric acid cycle activity Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (mNADP+-ICDH) activity was assessed in mitochondrial fractions prepared, as described above,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:21

... level as well as better control of confounding factors are needed to estimate single gene, gene- gene and gene- environmental interaction on the risk of adverse arsenic-induced health effects Additional ... urothelial carcinogenesis if this enzyme can quickly deplete the GSH In addition to the possible roles of GSTs in arsenic biotransformation, GSTs are also phase II metabolic enzymes that are involved ... SNPs of arsenic-metabolized enzyme and the primers used for realtime PCR Enzyme Base change Amino acid change Variant allele frequency Accession number Primer pairs GSTM1 Gene deletion No protein...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... fluid of smokers [16] Another additional group of enzymes that is associated with GSH homeostasis in human airways is glutaredoxin (Grx) family of enzymes The classical member of this family, Grx1, ... lungs of these patients also results from the impaired capacity of the antioxidant/ detoxification enzymes to detoxify the harmful reactive oxygen metabolites [3-8] Very little is known about specific ... and extra-cellular concentrations of GSH are not completely understood [9-11] The rate limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) is induced by cigarette smoke [12],...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... factor assignments with outcomes were examined using similar regression techniques Gene- gene (GSTM1-SE) and gene- environment (GSTM1-smoking and SE-smoking) interactions were assessed with regard ... Controversy and uncertainty remain regarding the most appropriate manner in which to model gene- gene and gene- environment interactions [48] In contrast to prior studies that have examined smoking-SE ... Anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) Serum ACPA (immunoglobulin G (IgG)) was measured using second-generation enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in VARA (Diastat, Axis-Shield Diagnostics Ltd.,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... the general population A large proportion of the Caucasian population carry one or both GST gene deletions (~20% of GSTT1 gene deletion, ~50% the GSTM1 gene deletion and ~10% of GSTT1/GSTM1 gene ... SERPINE2, protease inhibitor gene, and in the ELN, elastin gene, have been identified as genetic predisposing factor in families with early onset COPD [8,9] To what degree common genetic variants influence ... BMC Pulm Med 2006, 6:12 DeMeo DL, Silverman EK: Alpha1 -antitrypsin deficiency 2: genetic aspects of alpha( 1)-antitrypsin deficiency: phenotypes and genetic modifiers of emphysema risk Thorax 2004,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... Several inherited genetic alterations associated with increased risk of breast cancer are well known Li-Fraumani syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene p53 BRCA-1 ... suppressor genes in which mutations give increased chance of breast and ovarian cancer, and carriers have a lifetime breast cancer risk of 40 to 85% (Blackwood et al., 1998) The ataxia-telangiectasia gene ... growth factors and their receptor (eg EGF, EGFR, TGF-α, TGF-β), other oncogenes (eg ras, c-myc), p53 tumour suppressor gene, cell proliferation markers (eg Ki67, PCNA) and other molecules (eg...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... Site-directed mutagenesis Site-directed mutagenesis of GSTU1 and GSTU2 was performed by PCR using sweet orange pEXP–GSTU1 and pEXP–GSTU2 as templates (Gene Tailor Site-directed mutagenesis system; ... might contribute to the enzyme s biochemical behavior, several mutant GSTs, hereafter referred to by their distinctive amino acid triad, were generated by sitedirected mutagenesis In particular, ... molecular mass of the recombinant sweet orange GST subunits (Fig 1) CDNB is generally considered to be the classic GST substrate, because most GST isoenzymes display high activity towards it It has...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... (nt) repeat and relative expression of the HD gene We then determined the structure of the mouse CB1 gene and determined that transcription of the CB1 gene was affected in striatal neurons of transgenic ... CB1 gene are shown in Fig 2B and Fig The human CB1 gene described in the Sanger database has two exons separated by an intron The relative position of the introns in the mouse and human genes ... repeat within the HD transgene and the site of integration of the transgene [10], which appears to lead to differences in the amount of protein produced from the transgene Therefore, the length...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... mass of the Peak GST subunit was determined to be 34.0 kDa (Table 2) Peak showed subunits of 36.8 and 32.6 kDa All turtle liver subunits were larger than the two equine liver subunits (28.9 and ... turtle liver GSTs, purified to homogeneity, are shown in Fig 4A; lane FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 3602–3614 ª 2005 FEBS shows the Peak enzyme and lane shows the Peak enzyme eluted from the hydroxylapatite ... yield of the control liver enzyme With the anoxic enzyme, however, this column gave no purification (no change in specific activity) but it was used anyway so that both enzymes were treated alike...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... O-acyltransferases encoded by the BEAT gene of Clarkia breweri (accession number, AAC18062), strawberry SAAT (accession number, AAF04784), and the Cr-DAT gene of Catharanthus roseus (accession ... strawberry AATs are located in two separate groups (Fig 2) CM-AAT1 and CM-AAT2 gene expression RT-PCR studies indicated that both genes are specifically expressed in fruit Vegetative tissues such as leaves, ... strongly inhibited the expression of both genes (Figs 3A and C) Treating AS fruit with ethylene resulted in a strong stimulation of expression of both genes after or days of treatment Ethylene...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... from the third generation (III-1, III-3, III-12 and III-13) exhibited the M404V mutation of the p62/SQSTM1 gene (Table 1), confirming the pathogenetic nature of this p62/SQSTM1 gene mutation and ... Members from generations I to III were farmers born and still living in a rural environment, whereas fourth-generation individuals, although born in the same environment as previous generations, ... III-5) are represented by vertical bar symbols Grey symbols identify individuals known to have the M404V mutation but whose PDB disease was not expressed; open symbols indicate subjects not exhibiting...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... [11] and SLE [12], BAFF could be a good candidate gene in the predisposition to multiple autoimmune diseases, as was recently observed for the genes encoding PTPN22, RUNX1, PDCD1 and CTLA4 [13] ... autoimmunity does not result from a primary genetically determined activation of the BAFF/BAFF receptor system, in contrast to the recent demonstration of the genetic association between common variable ... of the BAFF promoter gene is associated with production of BAFF protein, analysis of BAFF expression must be performed using transfectant expressing -871 T in the promoter gene Likewise, the functional...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... be partly regulated by the GSTs, enzymes that participate both in GSH transport and detoxification reactions There are a number of GST isoenzymes including GST alpha (GSTA), mu (GSTM), pi (GSTP), ... with COPD severity [12] Genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes including GSTs have been shown to associate with COPD in many previous investigations GSTP1 gene polymorphism correlates ... Discussion GST alpha GST alpha was mainly localized in the central and peripheral airway epithelium, with some alveolar macrophages showing weak positivity (Figure 1) The intensity of GST alpha staining...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20