gene expression programming and the evolution of computer programs

... The differences in expression of these miRNA expression between adult cells and hES cells and between adult cells and EB were significant (P < 0.05) Of note, the expression levels of let-7b and ... between the expression levels of hES upregulated miRNAs and the levels of their predicted targets The predicted targets for each miRNA were downloaded from miRNAMap2.0 [44] and their expression ... Journal of Translational Medicine 2009, 7:20 we calculated the correlation coefficients between miRNA expression levels and randomly-selected non-target genes of the same number In general, the expression...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... shown to regulate the expression of FOS and JUN family genes in the rat brain [58-60], the effect of typical APs and atypical APs on these genes in the liver have not been reported The superoxide ... that the gene expression changes are quite robust in the postmortem liver tissues This may be due to the direct and profound effects of APs on gene expression in the liver as compared to the confounding ... gene expression and a subset of those genes are associated with stress responses in the liver Thus, the genes and the pathways identified in the current study may provide important clues to the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... collagen I and collagen III in the mesenchymal tissue of the saline control group The expressions of collagen I and collagen III of the silica+LvshCD36 group were weaker than those of the silica and ... inhibit the expression of the collagen I and III in lung To further observe the degree of fibrosis, immunohistochemical examination of collagen I and III was performed in the lung tissue The results ... (Stage I) and tiny collagen fibers in the lung of rats in the silica+Lv-shCD36 group Compared to the silica and the silica+Lv-shCD36-NC groups, the number of nodules in the lungs of rats in the silica+Lv-shCD36...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... TFs and putative, as yet uncharacterized regulators We analyzed the history of each of the global regulators, and of a sample of each of the other types of regulators (see Figure and Materials and ... two operons, and the proximity of these regulators to their regulated genes suggests that HGT might be involved in the evolution of these regulatory relationships [14] Furthermore, these neighbor ... theory [35,36] More precisely, we imagine that the genes themselves and the regulatory relationship between them benefit the host, but the proximity itself may not be of benefit to the host and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... profiling Gene- expression profiling is the simultaneous measurement of the amount of mRNAs of all the genes, which are transcribed from the genome, in the cell At any moment, not all the genes are ... this case, the variances of the classes are pooled to compute the standard error, s2 and s2 denote the variance of the two classes respectively, N1 and N2 denote the sample size of the two classes ... many mor of the increment depends on the correlation of the gene with the one of the two phenotypes We theref phenotype The enrichment score is the maximum deviation from Moreover, in the permutation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:15

... the first two structural motifs, and hence the N-terminal domain of the protein, just as in the genes for cS and cA–F However, the second half of the gene has the structure of a b-crystallin gene, ... encoding the two motifs of the C-terminal domain The crygn gene is thus a hybrid of b and c crystallin gene structures, apparently an intermediate in the evolution of the c-crystallins from the b-crystallins ... different regions of the eye The expression of cN in the central regions of the lens, fiber cells that were laid down before birth, is consistent with the familiar pattern of expression of the principally...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... consequence of the physical laws of our universe and the subatomic structure of the oxygen atom As we shall see in Chap 2, the existence of oxygen atoms is in turn a necessary result of the evolution of ... Thus, the higher the pH value, the lower the proton concentration and therefore the degree of dissociation of water This behavior of water depends strongly on the temperature, the higher the temperature ... the nucleus The number of protons in a nucleus gives its atomic number and its positive charge Add the number of neutrons and you have the atomic mass The nucleus of the most common isotope of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... in nature These are often called white, brown, and pink noise, and all are defined by the relation between the frequency and power (proportional to the square of the amplitude) of their components ... videos, and most of what is called art film—is designed to suppress awareness of the presentational aspects of the film while promoting the narrative The units of film are the act, the sequence, the ... near the film’s end was analyzed as Shot The autocorrelation of the length of a Shot with itself (Lag 0) is always 1.0; autocorrelations of the length of Shot with the lengths of Shots (Lag 1) and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows of the investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value of the investment and the net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case of the USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling of the local loop (the case of ... aspects of the ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses of the tenability of the theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... in expression of thousands of genes [9,12,13] Another challenge is that the specificity and sensitivity of a given RNA profiling platform are affected by the abundance and variability of the ... measure the amplitude of the globin artifact or the amount of noise it introduces We have chosen the standard deviation of expression values rather than covariance to quantify the amplitude of the genes ... drafting and editing of the manuscript SL completed the analysis of the protocol selection study, participated in the analysis of the SAHA data and participated in the drafting and editing of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... viability and gene expression over time In summary, we conducted a detailed study of the effects of weak DC on viability, gene expression and morphology of B subtilis The data suggest that the ions and ... DC The genes are listed in the order of gene names A full list of induced genes can be found in the Additional File (Supplemental Data) The experiment was done in duplicate and the average expression ... DC The genes are listed in the order of gene names A full list of repressed genes can be found in the Additional File (Supplemental Data) The experiment was done in duplicate and the average expression...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows of the investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value of the investment and the net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case of the USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling of the local loop (the case of ... aspects of the ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses of the tenability of the theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... taxa to the Strongylida are members of the Rhabditina, including C elegans, and both are grouped in Clade V of the Nematoda, on the basis of small subunit rRNA sequence analysis [48] The set of 742 ... we have addressed the question of whether secreted proteins of parasitic nematodes show accelerated evolution, and our results indicate that this is the case The predominance of predicted secreted ... categories of genes which are prominent in other nematode parasites, such as the five clusters encoding homologs of Ancylostoma secreted protein [2], five clusters of C-type and S-type lectins [55] and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... result of increased biosynthesis and reduced catabolism, the sensitivity to the hormone may decrease as a result of reduced expression of the receptor GA biosynthesis genes of the GA 20-oxidase and ... (Table 3) Expression of organ identity and patterning genes Of the genes representing the developmental processes, key floral and fruit patterning genes were examined for their expression profiles ... the final floral landmark as well as the first fruit landmark (Table and 2) At the time of anthesis, the anther lobes dehisced to release the pollen, which after landing on the receptive stigma,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... x-axis represents the log2 of the expression ratios between 137F and B6 The y-axis represents the log2 of the expression ratio between either 44H and B6, or 97C and B6 As expected, there is a highly ... summary of the modes of regulation encountered in the IRCSs and their parent strains A summary of the modes of regulation encountered in the IRCSs and their parent strains Blue marks the B6 chromosome ... fashion in the IRCSs (class 3) - in this case the dysregulation between B6 and SEG on the one hand and B6 and the IRCSs on the other hand is associated with a strong correlation between gene expression...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... facilitated by the TATA box [42-44] Thus, a TATA box could increase the extent of re-initiation, thereby amplifying gene expression Notably, the binding of the PIC to the TATA box and the binding of transcription ... nucleosome positioning, and changes in the number of repeats affect the density and positioning of nucleosomes in the critical part of the promoter [52] Expression divergence by cis and trans mutations ... genes is enriched with plasma membrane genes and, in general, genes that interact with the cell environment [7] (Figure 2) These genes are needed to cope with changes in the environment and their...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... similar in the peripheral blood and in the parotid gland These results suggest an important role for VL chain gene usage in the immune activation of B cells within the parotid gland of the pSS patient ... CD5, further supporting the hypothesis of homing and activation of specific B cells in the glands B cell malignancies and Sjögren’s syndrome In contrast to the focal sialadenitis of the minor ... pathology of SS This process seems to be tightly regulated at least in part by chemokines and the local expression of their receptors Chemokines and the expression of chemokine receptors by the inflamed...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... understanding of the roles of these co-repressor complexes and thereafter their roles in disease In summary cigarette smoke exposure reduced HDAC2 activity and the expression of mSin3a and Mi-2α ... alteration of both the formation and targeting of these complexes Consequently, an oxidant-mediated reduction in the protein expression of Mi-2α and mSin3a and increased protein expression of Mi2β may ... in its design and prepared the manuscript CSS designed and ran the in vivo model KFC participated in the study design and preparation of the manuscript IMA and PAK conceived of the study, participated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... understanding of the roles of these co-repressor complexes and thereafter their roles in disease In summary cigarette smoke exposure reduced HDAC2 activity and the expression of mSin3a and Mi-2α ... alteration of both the formation and targeting of these complexes Consequently, an oxidant-mediated reduction in the protein expression of Mi-2α and mSin3a and increased protein expression of Mi2β may ... in its design and prepared the manuscript CSS designed and ran the in vivo model KFC participated in the study design and preparation of the manuscript IMA and PAK conceived of the study, participated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22