gas chromatography in petroleum industry
Tài liệu Chromatography in the petroleum industry docx
Ngày tải lên :
21/02/2014, 01:21
... and Martin in
1952.
Indeed it is no exaggeration to claim that many of the
major advances in gas chromatography in that golden era emanated from the
laboratories of the petroleum industry. ... development of gas chromatography in the
1950s
and
1960s
is now a fading memory of a golden era, there are still advances being
made in apparatus, technique and applications. The petroleum industry ...
Carrier
gas:
helium at
28
ml/min.
Re$rences
p.
40
The analysis
of
hydrocarbon gases
17
0
min i0'min
Fig.
1.13.
Capillary separation.
I
20
rnin
tomin
I
I
0
min
10
min...
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DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN DRINKING WATER BY LIQUID-SOLID EXTRACTION AND CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY pdf
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 14:20
... hydrocarbons (PAH), including the labeled
PAHs used in this method as internal standards, are rapidly oxidized
and/or chlorinated in water containing residual chlorine. Therefore,
residual chlorine must ... disk in as little as
five minutes without reducing analyte recoveries. Extract the entire
sample, draining as much water from the sample container as possible.
Dry the disk by maintaining vacuum ... metribuzin may
break through the C-18 phase in highly contaminated samples resulting
in low recoveries.
13.2.8 If cyanazine is to be determined, a separate sample must be collected.
Cyanazine degrades...
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team leadership in game industry
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 10:06
... trials. Finally, the
industry is in a state of constant transition, making it difficult to keep pace.
Growth in Scale
The game industry, in the earliest form that this book will discuss, began in the
late ... cture
view of the historical transition in scale of the industry s development teams is an
instructive place to begin.
Increased Graphical Depth
Since the industry began, games have gradually taken ... mindset and demonstrate new skills—frequently
with little or no preparation time. The game industry is not unique in facing this
problem. In the course of my research, many people in other industries...
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a study on impacts and effectiveness of abc costing method as a cost effective measurement in coal industry
Ngày tải lên :
13/03/2014, 14:19
... or services will be eliminated. Locally competing trend turns
into international competition.
Instead of paying more money in gathering the information as in the past, internet and
technologies ... allocation will be easier for both managers and shareholders. Finishing
identifying activities likes installing, running and maintaining, counted costs will be
traced to different required products ... However, in the long run, some fixed costs still need to change. As a result, a
new cost accounting method is invented. Instead of sharing equally among various
departments and maintaining the...
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a study on the impact of cost reduction measures in a chieving the competitive advantages in footwear industry
Ngày tải lên :
13/03/2014, 14:20
... accounting clearly first.
2.1.1. Definition of accounting
In general, accounting is a process of collecting, recording, reporting information.
To go into details, accounting is also considered as a ... to total purchases in the industry
• Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation
• Threat of forward integration relative to threat of
backward integration by firms in the industry
2.4.1.2. ... of Industry Structure
New Entrants
Buyers
Suppliers
Substitutes
Industry
Competitors
Intensity
of Rivalry
Threat of
Substitutes
Threat of
New Entrants
Bargaining Power
of Suppliers
Bargaining...
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Water Pollution Prevention Opportunities in Petroleum Refineries pdf
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 00:20
... the amine in a stripper, an acid gas stream
containing the H
2
S that is sent to the sulfur recovery unit. The main solvents involved in amine systems in
refineries are monoethanol amine (MEA), ... approaches now in use in the industry to minimize exchanger
solids in the sewer is to clean bundles only in designated cleaning areas designed for
solids containment.
5. In crude fractionating units, ... evaluated in one or more
U.S. refineries outside the State of Washington. In many instances, refiners have reported proposed
projects that were under study without indicating the eventual findings...
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Alberta''''s Petroleum Industry and the Conservation Board pptx
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 01:20
... petroleum
industry
and the
Conservation
Board
Includes bibliographical references
and
index.
ISBN
0-88864-245-8
I.
Petroleum
industry
and
trade—Government policy—Alberta.
2. Gas
industry Government ... and
sour
gas
(containing
hydrogen sulphide gas)
are
found mainly
in the
western
portion
of the
Basin. Coal occurs mainly
in the
Cretaceous sedi-
ments, with
the
higher heating value ... importance.
Gas is
also used
to
maintain
or
replace pressure
in
reservoirs.
If gas is
injected
into
the
reservoir under conditions
where
it
does
not mix
with
the oil to
sustain
or
increase...
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Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography pdf
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 14:20
... of a survey of 12 leading experts in gas chromatography
appeared in 1989 and outlined their thoughts on projected trends in gas chro-
matographic column technology, including the future of packed ... material is placed, packing retainers (such as glass wool plugs) inserted
into the ends of the tubing to keep the packing in place and thirdly, the pack-
ing material itself. In Part 2 the role and ... containing either a solid adsorbent or a liq-
uid deposited on an inert solid support packed into a length of tubing to one
containing an immobilized or crosslinked stationary phase bound to the inner
surface...
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Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems potx
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 17:20
... obtaining information on the N20 flux
for upwelling areas in the oceanic margin. If the N20 concentration in sea water and the wind
speed are measured simultaneously and in the same area, the gas ... T. Kaminski (1999) Inverse modelling approaches to infer surface trace gas fluxes
from observed atmospheric mixing ratios. In: A.F. Bouwman (Ed.) Approaches to scaling of trace
gasfluxes in ecosystems. ...
input to being the output of the modelling system.
Alongside this anticipated increase in complexity in moving towards a process-based
approach to emission inventories, there is a growing interest...
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Assessing counterparty risk at private companies in energy industry A descriptive survey of credit models potx
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 03:20
... management systems within energy
industry. It is reflected in a conceptual shift from focusing on receivables
collection as one of few reported financial statement lines pointing to the size
of ... economic
areas. Among these are integrated risk modeling packages for financial
institutions, investment and insurance companies, multinational corporations as
well as industry- tailored risk valuation ... little information in rating upgrade (all
the information has already been incorporated into market prices) but there is
some in rating downgrade
2
. Other authors have addressed stability (or
instability)...
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Socio-economic Conditions of Women Workers in Plantation Industry 2008‐09 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 09:21
... worker (including his family) residing in the
plantation
b) for every worker (including his family) residing outside the
plantation, who has put six months of continuous service
in such plantation ... per cent units are allowing one rest
interval, 15.9 per cent units are allowing two rest intervals and the
remaining 1.5 per cent units are allowing three rest intervals in a
day.
... wherein the survey was
undertaken in respect of the women workers.
7.28 Table 7.26 provides information in regard to the accommodation
and facilities available in the dwellings being inhabited...
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biochemical engineering biotechnology in agriculture industry and medicine
Ngày tải lên :
01/04/2014, 10:17
...
however by running multiple batch reactors in a cycle that simulates continuous processing to
the downstream steps. Mixing is very important in the batch reactor process. Early mixing is
important ... evaluated by fitting the
experimental results by non-linear regression using the Solver of Microsoft Excel
®
for
Windows [44-46] or the Origin
®
Ver. 6.1 (Microcal Software, Inc., USA). The ... ester bond in the acyl ascorbate. In the latter case, free fatty acid is liberated. In order to
know which mechanism causes the decrease in the ascorbate concentration, the increase in the
decanoic...
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distillation and vapor pressure measurement in petroleum products
Ngày tải lên :
01/04/2014, 11:24
... pressure. Typically, the T
͑V/L=20͒
is reported in the pe-
troleum industry.
Precision—Based on a 1999 interlaboratory study in-
volving gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends ͑ethanol and
MTBE, 0 ... ͑e.g., 5 % boiling point͒—The corrected
temperature reading corresponding to when X % of the dis-
tillate has been recovered in the receiving flask.
End Point ͑EP͒ or Final Boiling Point ͑FBP͒—The ... hydrocarbon
solvents used in the paint and coatings industry. Dry point is
also substituted for the end point ͑final boiling point͒ when-
ever the sample is of such nature that the precision of the end
point ͑final...
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paraffin products developments in petroleum science
Ngày tải lên :
02/04/2014, 16:06
... melting points.
It should be stressed that branching of the carbon chain, at identical molecular
weights, results in an important decrease of the melting point, since high melting
points are inseparable ... of the paraffins,
-
determining the chemical properties of individual paraffin hydrocarbons.
petroleum are in relation with the following steps
:
of liquid paraffins and paraffin waxes,
1. ...
fractions obtained
by
sweating from
57-60
OC
melting range paraffin wax,
4
commercial
paraffin waxes having different melting points
compositions, are lower
-
at identical melting points
-...
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