fuzzy sets and possibility theory

... the following sections we propose a novel, simple, and robust algorithm based on Radon transform and fuzzy sets to estimate motion direction and length, respectively 4.1 Motion direction estimation ... Willsky, and S H Nawab, Signals and Systems, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2nd edition, 1996 [20] H J Zimmermann, Fuzzy Set Theory, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996 ... an improvement between 3–5 dB) and providing more precise answers We have implemented our method using Matlab functions and tested it on 80 randomly selected standard images of 256 × 256 pixels...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... independent random compact sets and fuzzy random sets Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 159, 24, 3360-3368 [5] Fu, K A and Zhang, L X (2008) Strong limit theorems for random sets and fuzzy random sets with slowly ... S and Ogura, Y (1999) Convergence of set-valued and fuzzy- valued martingales Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 101, 3, 453-461 18 [12] Inoue, H (1995) Randomly weighted sums for exchangeable fuzzy random ... exchangeable random sets in Kuratowski-Mosco sense Stochastic Analysis and Applications, 24, 2, pp 263-275 [15] Kim, Y K (2000) A strong law of large numbers for fuzzy random variables Fuzzy Sets and Systems,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 09:31

... complexity, self-organization and self-adaptation, and looks less and less like an open system Randomness and disorganized complexity with mutations have returned and functionality is decreasing ... communication, self-organization and self-adaptation, and the potential to create a new emergence System’s stability depends on the quality and the quantity of patterned relationships and their interactions ... stagnation and anarchy…place where a complex system can be spontaneous, adaptive, and alive” [4] The similarity of a fractal pattern and cancer growth can be seen in a comparison of Mandelbrot’s...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... Equations and Inverse Theory CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Backus, G.E., and Gilbert, F 1968, Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol 16, pp 169–205 [1] Backus, G.E., and ... ≡ q(x) · R (18.6.7) ri (x )dx = i i where q(x) and R are each vectors of length N , the number of measurements Standard propagation of errors, and equation (18.6.1), give B = Var[u(x)] = qi (x)Sij ... y the linear system (W(x) + λS) · y = R, and then substitute y into both the numerators and denominators of 18.6.12 or 18.6.13.) Equations (18.6.12) and (18.6.13) have a completely different...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 22:15

... if and only if S is R convex Moreover,  f is proper and convex  S ⊆ I n nonempty and convex R =⇒ f + δS is proper and convex  dom f ∩ S = ∅ We have a correspondence between convex sets and ... Convex Optimization / 108 Chapter Convex sets and convex functions taking the infinity value Examples of convex sets The following are some examples of convex sets : (1) Hyperplane : S = {x|p T x ... 10 / 108 Chapter Convex sets and convex functions taking the infinity value Illustration tvnguyen (University of Science) Convex Optimization 11 / 108 Chapter Convex sets and convex functions taking...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 15:20

... Disjoint Convex Sets If two convex sets are disjoint, then they can be separated by a hyperplane Theorem (Separation of Two Disjoint Convex Sets) Let S1 and S2 be nonempty convex sets in IRn and suppose ... Almost all optimality conditions and duality relationships use some sort of separation or support of convex sets Definition (Separation of Sets) Let S1 and S2 be nonempty sets in IRn A hyperplane H ... 108 Chapter Duality for sets and functions Separation of Nondisjoint Convex Sets The previous result (Separation of Two Disjoint Convex Sets) holds true even if the two sets have some points in...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 15:20

... L and αx ∈ L and that two affine sets A and B are parallel if there exists x ∈ IRn such that A = B + x Proposition The following statements hold : (i) L is a subspace if and only if L is affine and ... properties for sets and functions Examples Let C = {x} Then aff C = {x}, int C = ∅ and ri C = {x} Let C = [a, b] where a, b ∈ IR n with a = b and n ≥ Then aff C is the straight line generated by a and b, ... properties for sets and functions Relative Interior of a Convex Set The interior of a subset C of IRn is the union of all open sets (of IRn ) contained in C Since any union of open sets is open,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 15:20

... Equations and Inverse Theory CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Jaynes, E.T 1976, in Foundations of Probability Theory, Statistical Inference, and Statistical Theories of Science, W.L Harper and ... 1985, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol 144, 381–387 [4] Narayan, R., and Nityananda, R 1986, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol 24, pp 127–170 [5] Skilling, J., and Bryan, R.K 1984, ... Skilling, J., and Gull, S.F 1985, in Maximum-Entropy and Bayesian Methods in Inverse Problems, C.R Smith and W.T Grandy, Jr., eds (Dordrecht: Reidel) [10] Skilling, J 1986, in Maximum Entropy and Bayesian...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 15:15

Ngày tải lên: 29/11/2013, 09:11

... Transmission and Protocol Theory 34 Backwards Compatible and Interoperable Industry standardization on Ethernet allows for faster progression in technology and allows consultants and customers ... Film Camera Slide Rule Hand Drill Transmission and Protocol Theory 40 Transmission over Copper and Fibre Cables • Test parameters and how they relate to cable design and installation • How legacy ... types • Material and installation costs are minimized through having one common structured cabling solution that can handle all voice, video and data needs Transmission and Protocol Theory 37 If...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 16:15

... command 1; MATLAB command 2; MATLAB command 3; The name of the m-file for this function is functionname.m and it is called from the MATLAB command line or from another m-file by the following command ... is that commands are saved and can be easily modified without retyping the entire list of commands 6.1.1 Scripts MATLAB script files are sequences of commands typed with an editor and saved in ... vectors include the commands: ‘linspace’ which generates a vector by specifying the first and last number and the number of equally spaced entries between the first and last number, and ‘logspace’ which...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 07:15

... Altrock, "Fuzzy Logic and NeuroFuzzy Applications Explained", ISBN 0-1336-8465-2, Prentice Hall 1995 Yager, R., "Implementing fuzzy logic controllers using a neural network framework", Fuzzy Sets and ... 48 (1992) p 53 - 64 Zimmermann, H.-J and Thole, U., "On the suitability of minimum and product operators for the intersection of fuzzy sets" , Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2, p 173-186 ... strengths and weaknesses In simple words, both neural nets and fuzzy logic are powerful design techniques that have its strengths and weaknesses Neural nets can learn from data sets while fuzzy logic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 01:15

... Deịnitions and Notations There are N + assets traded in the market, one being the locally risk-free asset, denoted by 0, and the remaining N being the risky assets The prices of those assets are ... whole parabola (ecient and inecient frontier) is generated by (all) combinations of x and y 10 Chapter Portfolio Choices Proof Since x ES and y ES, for some positive bX and b Y , we have: ... is long in and m b > bM , the portfolio shorts Remark We deịne later the market portfolio as a portfolio containing all the risky assets present in the market (and only risky assets) In absence...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 09:12

... Altrock, "Fuzzy Logic and NeuroFuzzy Applications Explained", ISBN 0-1336-8465-2, Prentice Hall 1995 Yager, R., "Implementing fuzzy logic controllers using a neural network framework", Fuzzy Sets and ... 48 (1992) p 53 - 64 Zimmermann, H.-J and Thole, U., "On the suitability of minimum and product operators for the intersection of fuzzy sets" , Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2, p 173-186 ... strengths and weaknesses In simple words, both neural nets and fuzzy logic are powerful design techniques that have its strengths and weaknesses Neural nets can learn from data sets while fuzzy logic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 10:15

... REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Delves, L.M., and Mohamed, J.L 1985, Computational Methods for Integral Equations (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press) [1] Linz, P 1985, Analytical and Numerical ... often ill-conditioned Equation (18.0.4) can be rewritten as 790 Chapter 18 Integral Equations and Inverse Theory The Volterra equation of the first kind t K(t, s)f(s) ds g(t) = (18.0.6) a has as its ... integrand in a nonlinear version of equation (18.0.1) or (18.0.6) would be K(t, s, f(s)) instead of K(t, s)f(s); a nonlinear version of equation (18.0.4) or (18.0.8) would have an integrand K(t,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... fred2 sets up equation (18.1.6) and then solves it by LU decomposition with calls to the routines ludcmp and lubksb The Gauss-Legendre quadrature is implemented by first getting the weights and ... input, a and b are the limits of integration, and n is the number of points used in the Gaussian quadrature g and ak are user-supplied external functions that respectively return g(t) and λK(t, ... input, a and b are the limits of integration, and n is the number of points to use in the Gaussian quadrature g and ak are user-supplied external functions that respectively return g(t) and λK(t,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... product Kii fi replaced by Kii (fi ), and similarly for the other two products of K’s and f’s Thus for each i we solve a nonlinear equation for fi with a known right-hand side Newton’s method (§9.4 ... Kernels 797 CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Linz, P 1985, Analytical and Numerical Methods for Volterra Equations (Philadelphia: S.I.A.M.) [1] Delves, L.M., and Mohamed, J.L 1985, Computational ... trade@cup.cam.ac.uk (outside North America) ti = a + ih, 796 Chapter 18 Integral Equations and Inverse Theory void lubksb(float **a, int n, int *indx, float b[]); void ludcmp(float **a, int n,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... CITED REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING: Abramowitz, M., and Stegun, I.A 1964, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, Applied Mathematics Series, Volume 55 (Washington: National Bureau of Standards; reprinted ... brackets equation (18.3.5) each become independent of k, and (18.3.5) in fact reduces to Wn = 800 Chapter 18 Integral Equations and Inverse Theory hh=h; hi=1.0/hh; for (j=1;j

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 15:20

... Better Agreement 18.4 Inverse Problems and the Use of A Priori Information 808 Chapter 18 Integral Equations and Inverse Theory The single central idea in inverse theory is the prescription minimize: ... , M , where M is sufficiently large, and the xµ ’s are sufficiently evenly spaced, that neither u(x) nor ri (x) varies much between any xµ and xµ+1 (Here and following we will use Greek letters ... Regularization 806 Chapter 18 Integral Equations and Inverse Theory (or any other simple quadrature — it rarely matters which) We will view equations (18.4.5) and (18.4.7) as being equivalent for practical...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 15:20

... Equations and Inverse Theory range < λ < ∞, depending on your relative degree of belief in the a priori and a posteriori evidence (Yes, people actually that Don’t blame us.) Two-Dimensional Problems and ... imaging and X-ray diffraction work is to recover an image given only the modulus of its Fourier transform (equivalent to its power spectrum or autocorrelation) and not the phase Here three convex sets ... functions uL and uU ) (In this last case, the bounds might be related to an initial estimate and its error bars, e.g., u0 (x) ± γσ(x), where γ is of order or 2.) Notice that these, and similar,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 15:20