fundamentals of database systems 6th edition solutions manual

... bottom-line profit per dollar of sales h Return on assets is a measure of bottom-line profit per dollar of total assets i Return on equity is a measure of bottom-line profit per dollar of equity ... measure of the short-term liquidity of the firm, after removing the effects of inventory, generally the least liquid of the firm’s current assets b Cash ratio represents the ability of the firm ... go dark because of the costs of compliance The costs to comply with Sarbox can be several million dollars, which can be a large percentage of a small firms profits A major cost of going dark is...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 14:22

... 868 Page 11 of 893 We would like to repeat our thanks to those who have reviewed and contributed to both previous editions of Fundamentals of Database Systems For the first edition these individuals ... another C++ program The persistent storage of program objects and data structures is an important function of database systems Traditional database systems often suffered from the so-called impedance ... distinguish between the description of the database and the database itself The description of a database is called the database schema, which is specified during database design and is not expected...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... soon be reserved for databases containing tens of terabytes 5.1.2 Storage of Databases Databases typically store large amounts of data that must persist over long periods of time The data is accessed ... series of events (e.g., the track stadium may hold many different races) For each event there is a planned date, duration, number of participants, number of officials, and so on A roster of all officials ... whereas main memory is often called volatile storage The cost of storage per unit of data is an order of magnitude less for disk than for primary storage Page 102 of 893 Some of the newer technologies—such...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... relational databases, users were less concerned about migrating their database applications from other types of database systems for example, network or hierarchical systems to relational systems ... track of dependents database of Figure 07.06, we can get rid of the relation by of employees in the issuing the command: DROP TABLE DEPENDENT CASCADE; If the RESTRICT option is chosen instead of ... aggregate functions on collections of values from the database Examples of such functions include retrieving the average or total salary of all employees or the number of employee tuples Common functions...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... SQL Server (of Sybase, Inc.), SQL Server (of Microsoft), and most recently Access (also of Microsoft, Inc.) They were initially single-user systems, but more recently they have started offering ... offer a whole variety of features needed to accomplish the design and implementation of large databases and their applications An Oracle server consists of an Oracle database the collection of ... one of the following: An atom of the form R(x1, x2, , xj), where R is the name of a relation of degree j and each xi, 1 i j, is a domain variable This atom states that a list of values of

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... Trends of Database Technology 13.1.1 The Evolution of Database Systems Technology 13.1.2 The Current Drivers of Database Systems Technology Section 13.1.1 gives a historical overview of the evolution ... historical overview of the evolution of database systems technology, while Section 13.1.2 gives an overview of current trends 13.1.1 The Evolution of Database Systems Technology In the commercial ... interoperability—the interoperation of a number of databases belonging to all of the disparate families of DBMSs—as well as to legacy file management systems A whole series of new systems and tools to deal with...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... Practical Database Design and Tuning 16.1 The Role of Information Systems in Organizations 16.2 The Database Design Process 16.3 Physical Database Design in Relational Databases 16.4 An Overview of Database ... Using Database Systems 16.1.2 The Information System Life Cycle 16.1.3 The Database Application System Life Cycle 16.1.1 The Organizational Context for Using Database Systems Database systems ... part of the information systems of many organizations In the 1960s information systems were dominated by file systems, but since the early 1970s organizations have gradually moved to database systems...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... Footnotes The concept of transaction provides a mechanism for describing logical units of database processing Transaction processing systems are systems with large databases and hundreds of concurrent ... the size (number of tuples) of the file that results after the JOIN operation This is usually kept as a ratio of the size (number of tuples) of the resulting join file to the size of the Cartesian ... only on the value of X read by (X) This assumes that computation of the new value of X is a function f(X) based on the old value of X read from the database However, the definition of view serializability...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... different types of distributed database systems, including federated and multidatabase systems and highlights the problems of heterogeneity and the needs of autonomy in federated database systems, which ... Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B Navathe Page 629 of 893 Part 6: Advanced Database Concepts & Emerging Applications (Fundamentals of Database Systems, Third Edition) Chapter 23: Enhanced Data Models ... of security in computer systems and databases is outside the scope of this textbook We give only a brief overview of database security techniques here The interested reader can refer to one of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... large files and databases To date, it is not well-integrated with database management systems Page 732 of 893 We will briefly review the state of the art of this rather extensive field of data mining, ... coffee} may be such a sequence of itemsets based on three visits of the same customer to the store The support for a sequence S of itemsets is the percentage of the given set U of sequences of ... context of a specific fact 25.8 Applications of Commercial Deductive Database Systems 25.8.1 LDL Applications 25.8.2 VALIDITY Applications We discussed two commercial deductive database systems: ...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... and Shamkant B Navathe Page 804 of 893 Appendix D: An Overview of the Hierarchical Data Model (Fundamentals of Database Systems, Third Edition) D.1 Hierarchical Database Structures D.2 Integrity ... without defining a view of the database © Copyright 2000 by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B Navathe Page 817 of 893 Selected Bibliography (Fundamentals of Database Systems, Third Edition) Format for ... type of the PCR type An occurrence (or instance) of the PCR type consists of one record of the parent record type and a number of records (zero or more) of the child record type A hierarchical database...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... FUNDAMENTALS OF Fourth Edition DATABASE SYSTEMS Ramez Elmasri Department of Computer Science Engineering University of Texas at Arlington Shamkant B N avathe College of Computing ... CONCEPTUAL MODELl NG Databases and Database Users Databases and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern society In the course of a day, most of us encounter ... our thanks to those who have reviewed and contributed to ptevious editions of Fundamentals of Database Systems For the first edition these individuals include Alan Apt (editor), Don Batory, Scott...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... Local_phone_numbers plays the role of HomePhone, referring to the "home phone of a student," and the role of OfficePhone, referring to the "office phone of the student." 5.1.2 Characteristics of Relations The ... well as of the university's course offerings The database also keeps track of the sponsored research projects of faculty and graduate students This schema is shown in Figure 4.9 A discussion of the ... series of events (e.g., the track stadium may hold many different races) For each event there is a planned date, duration, number of participants, number of officials, and so on A roster of all officials...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... relation of Figure 5.6 a set of tuples of the form {, ,

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... functional dependency is a property of the semantics or meaning of the attributes The database designers will use their understanding of the semantics of the attributes of R-that is, how they relate ... case we can consider the domain of OLOCATIONS to be the power set of the set of single locations; that is, the domain is made up of all possible subsets of the set of single locations 10.3 Normal ... Relational Databases TEACH [iTUDENT COURSE INSTRUCTOR Narayan Database Mark Smith Database Navathe Smith Operating Systems Ammar Smith Theory Schulman Wallace Database Mark Wallace Operating Systems...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... shortcomings of the set of commercial tools that are focussed on automating the process of conceptual, logical and physical design of databases When database technology was first introduced, most database ... discussing the role of information systems in organizations; database systems are looked upon as a part of information systems in large-scale applications We discussed how databases fit within ... importance of Requirements Collection and Analysis 12.6 Consider an actual application of a database system of interest Define the requirements of the different levels of users in terms of data...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... the size (number of tuples) of the file that results after the JOIN operation This is usually kept as a ratio of the size (number of tuples) of the resulting join file to the size of the Cartesian ... Chapter 16 Practical Database Design and Tuning These and other statistics create a profile of the contents and use of the database Other information obtained from monitoring the database system activities ... physical database design Discuss the guidelines for physical database design in RDBMSs Discuss the types of modifications that may be applied to the logical database design of a relational database...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... available systems included GEMSTONE/OPAL of GemStone Systems, ONTOS of Ontos, Objectivity of Objectivity Inc., Versant of Versant Object Technology, ObjectStore of Object Design, ARDENT of ARDENT Software," ... developing software applications Databases are now becoming fundamental components in many software systems, and traditional databases were difficult to use with object-oriented software applications ... ENCAPSULATION OF OPERATIONS, METHODS, AND PERSISTENCE The concept of encapsulation is one of the main characteristics of 00 languages and systems It is also related to the concepts of abstract...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... stored in a database Because part of the theoretical foundation for some deductive database systems is mathematical logic, such rules are often referred to as logic databases Other types of systems, ... confidential from most of the database system's users A DBMS typically includes a database security and authorization subsystem that is responsible for ensuring the security of portions of a database against ... table The database system must also keep track of all operations on the database that are applied by a certain user throughout each login session, which consists of the sequence of database interactions...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22

... nature of the information that is discovered, the types of problems faced when trying to mine databases, and the types of applications of data mining We also survey the state of the art of a large ... on large files and databases To date, it is not wellintegrated with database management systems We will briefly review the state of the art of this rather extensive field of data mining, which ... What are the main software modules of a DDBMS? Discuss the main functions of each of these modules in the context of the client-server architecture 25.4 What is a fragment of a relation? What...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:22