... around inflammatory foci inthe spinal cord of rats with EAE, thus identifying potential determinants for trafficking of these cells to the CNS These findings are discussed in relation to therapeutic ... apoptosis of infiltrating cells inthe CNS of animals with EAE [80] The limitation of inflammation seen inthe CNS could also be the result of a diminished antigen-presenting capability In conclusion, ... marked demyelination inthe inflammatory areas (F) The majority ofthe infiltrating inflammatory cells are macrophages, as evidenced by positive staining for the ED-1 marker (E) During the remission...
... demyelinated axons, including partial or complete loss of myelin sheaths and increases in inter-laminar splitting ofthe myelin sheaths Analysis of transverse sections (Figure 9) provided further ... point, along with markedly decreased levels of MBP inthe CC and inthe white-matter tracts ofthe striatum of treated animals (Figure 10) In agreement with the majority ofthe cell bodies inthe ... treatment, there was a 2.5-fold increase in apoptosis inthe subventricular zone (SVZ) and a 4-fold increase inthe dentate gyrus ofthe hippocampus (DG) The increased cell death persisted inthe SVZ...
... of nNOS and iNOS inthe nonneurological control brain Both nNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity was recognized inthe brain of control goats No inflammatory cells were found inthe brain sections of ... and iNOS in neurons increased when bacterial encephalitis occurred This is the first study of NOS expression inthe goat brain with listeriosis The involvement of iNOS in bovine and caprine listeriosis ... single positive-staining bacteria were found inthe neuronal processes Both nNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity were found in a proportion ofthe neurons inthe brainstem and the staining pattern was...
... by the nAuNPs The XPS was used to verify the presence of nAuNPs embedded inthe brain tissue The confocal microscope and TEM were used to gain insights into the interaction of nAuNPs and the insect’s ... no signs of motion were observed (approximately 30 s) The needle was inserted 1.5 to mm into the neck inthe location and direction shown in Figure 2, allowing to reach the brain ofthe insect ... introduction to the CNS The nAuNPs were introduced inthe CNS through an injection between the brain and the sub esophageal ganglion (SEG) through the neck inthe direction shown in Figure A cc syringe...
... like tau is involved in microtubule assembly It serves as a binding for the tubulin Mutations in α-synuclein lead to loss of this binding ability, resulting in tubulin and α-synuclein aggregation ... enhancing the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and up-regulating cystine transport The upregulation in gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase activity facilitates the redistribution of GSH into ... either inhibit the production of Aβ or escalate its clearance inthe brain The most common mechanisms of action of these drugs are the inhibition ofthe rate limiting steps of Aβ generation i.e β-...
... constituent instead of sphingomyelin (PE-cer has phosphoethanolamine as the head group, instead ofthe phosphocholine head group in SM) [32] Despite having shorter fatty acyl chains (the longest being ... tube The eppendorf tube was kept cold at °C in ice After collecting 10 larval brains, they were washed times with 200 µl of sterile-filtered HL3 containing 10 µg/ml of insulin The brains were then ... be studied using FCS These intensity fluctuations contain information which can be extracted by analysing the rates and the amplitudes ofthe intensity fluctuations and subjecting them to an autocorrelation...
... with certain brain tumors, especially for the very young Because ofthe rapid myelinization that occurs in infants, the finding by Noble and colleagues [1] ofthe adverse effects of chemotherapy ... children treated with chemotherapy alone (methotrexate injected either intrathecally (into the cerebrospinal fluid) or intravenously and intrathecally) This study and many Journal of Biology 2006, 5:21 ... vulnerable, population of patients Chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline inthe absence of radiation The best data on the cognitive effects of chemotherapy alone have come from studies of children with...
... volume of μl ofthe complexes containing μg DNA was used in each injection The rate of injection was μl/min and the needle was allowed to remain in situ for mins before being slowly retracted at the ... remain at large in terms of choosing appropriate MW PEIs and biodegradable linkages as well as designing the degree of cross-linking, the particle size and the surface charge ofthe resulting ... INTHECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM GUO HAIYAN (B.M., PRC) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE & INSTITUTE OF...
... provided the pathological diagnosis TJ was the surgeon and gave the final approval ofthe version to be published Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests ... China Department of Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing 100050, China Authors’ contributions GY wrote the initial draft WY drew the pictures WZ revised the draft SL described the ... viral infections initiate the inflammatory process that somehow becomes self-sustaining [5] It is also speculated that there may be a genetic predisposition in certain individuals leading to...
... analysed using the integrated software ofthe instrument 27 2.2.7 Cell Lines and Cell Culture Sf9 insect cells were obtained from Invitrogen and cultured according to the manual’s instructions ... adenovirus, there is virtually no immune response inthe brain following direct injection of “gutless” vectors in rats However, the high antigenicity ofthe Ad virion and toxicity ofthe virion ... execute functionsofthe therapeutic genes 1.1.2 Non-viral and Viral Gene Delivery Systems Depending on the usage of vectors, there are two main types of gene delivery systems: non-viral and viral systems...
... brief overview ofthenervoussystemThenervoussystem is the most complex organ systemin animals, and makes them distinguishable from other living organisms Because ofthenervous system, animals ... divided into central and peripheral parts Thecentralnervoussystem (CNS) consists ofthe brain and the spinal cord (or nerve cord for invertebrates), which contains the main portion of neural ... the expression of Rag1 inthenervous system, and its function remains unknown As a step towards understanding the role of Rag1 in vertebrate nervous system, we have initiated a study using the...
... inthenervous system, carrying out the fundamental tasks of receiving, conducting and transmitting signals Therapeutic protection of these cells is one ofthe main goals of gene therapy of neurological ... diseases, either inherited or acquired, by enhancing, reducing or altering a particular gene expression inthe target cells (Mountain, 2000) The promoter is one ofthe key issues of gene therapy The ... SUMMARY Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders inthecentralnervoussystem (CNS) Because ofthe complex structure and high vulnerability ofthe CNS, it...
... role of EphrinB2 in vivo EphrinB2 expression has been detected inthe visual systemin other organisms The aim of this project was to study the expression pattern of EphrinB2 inthe visual system ... guidance at the midline, Eph-Ephrins are also involved in creating patterned neuronal connections inthe CNS and the peripheral nervoussystem Similar to the topographic mapping inthe visual system, ... target neurons inthe tectum The Recombination activating gene-1 (RAG1) is expressed inthe vertebrate immune system and inthenervous system, including the zebrafish visual system (Chun et...
... 14 Binding Studies of Ohanin and Pro-ohanin The lack of natural abundance of ohanin (~1 mg/g of crude venom) and absence of pro-ohanin inthe venom necessitates the use of recombinant proteins ... protein to transverse the BBB, and to study in detail the regions of interaction ofthe protein with components inthe brain, as this might be useful to the understanding ofthe control of locomotion ... importance of maturation, we compared the hypolocomotory effects of pro-ohanin and ohanin by administering them through i.p and i.c.v routes The specific binding sites of these proteins in mouse brain...
... animals by the time ofthe emergence ofthe Plathelminthes inthe evolutionary history The eye ofthe planarian is one ofthe most ancestral and primitive types of visual systems in animals and is ... represent the coding region and the noncoding regions ofthe planarian PHM cDNA, respectively; whereas the two flanking broad lines outside indicate the k ZAP II vector The two gray boxes inthe planarian ... observable inthe cell body of neurons inthe peripheral region ofthe brain Cytochrome b561 was observable in neuropil (np), composed of axons and dendrites ofthe neurons, as well as in their cell...
... cells of this class may be attracted to the brain during periods of inflammation following either microbial infection or other postinjury inflammatory reactions The response ofthe brain to inflammation ... specific pathways of interconnecting nuclei Identifying the location of these receptors inthecentralnervoussystem (CNS), the function of pathways that incorporate them, and the behavioral and ... between the major dopamine-containing nuclei inthe substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum and their targets inthe striatum, inthe limbic zones ofthe cerebral cortex, and in other major regions of...
... response inthe mice at various times following treatment Loss of myelin is known to increase the latency between specific peaks inthe auditory brainstem response, reflecting slowing ofthe impulse ... used in other studies The authors then examined the effects of 5-FU on adult mice They found an acute, transient increase in apoptosis in several brain regions, which subsided 56 days after injection ... reported in association with some chemotherapeutic treatments [18-20] However, these findings have not always been replicated, suggesting the need for further investigation [21] The findings of Noble...
... types in numerous tissues [11] This is the first study to examine the binding of six different lectins, including DBA, SBA, isolectin B4, WGA, PNA and UEA-I, in thoroughbred horses The lectins ... consistent binding inthe sterocilia of seminiferous tubules, while only limited binding to spermatocytes was seen WGA lectin was strongly detected inthe reproductive ducts These findings suggest ... Additionally, the heterogeneity ofthe lectin staining patterns inthe reproductive tubules ofthe adult thoroughbred horse suggests that the Histochemical Detection of Glycoconjugates inthe Male...
... question in evaluating an accounting system is whether it satisfies the needs ofthe economy’s main contracting parties and, inthe context of financial systems, whether the relevant financing parties ... hypotheses about the role and properties of accounting inthe German financial system Section describes the key elements ofthe German accounting system and ties them in with the financial system ... II FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK In this section, we discuss the link between the accounting system and the institutional framework and, in particular, the financial system...
... views on the scope of law signify the influence of a conflicting stance of naturalism and positivism in shaping the attitude of judges in legal interpretation (ii) Custom Inthe context ofthe history ... Malaysia inthe west, and the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the island of Borneo, inthe east The Peninsular is bordered by Thailand inthe north, and the island of Singapore lies to the south ... reviewing the draft ofthe project, from the early preparation ofthe candidature proposal through to the final draft ofthe thesis In addition, I am indebted to Dr Kerry Tarner for her kindness in...