functional prospecting of genes and transcripts

... limited to GA and LFY, activate both B (PI and AP3) and C (AG) class genes Both classes of genes retain organ identity functions as described in the ABC model Mutations in the B class genes, notated ... genomic sequences of the spinach genes SpPI and SpAP3 This file contains the sequences of the PCR primers used to amplify sequential, overlapping fragments of the genes SpPI and SpAP3 Authors' ... knockdown of SpPI mRNA There is no evidence of gender-specific allelic states in SpPI or SpAP3 Previous studies of B class expression [26] and the present results indicate that regulation of B class genes...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... mRNA and also of its own transcript For this reason, the level of mRNA for the wildtype form of MCPIP and the level of mRNA for IL-1b (Fig 5A, lane 3) were lower in comparison to the level of mRNA ... UTR of IL-6 mRNA [4,17] The presence of such a sequence may account for the degra- MCPIP protein as an RNase dation of both types of IL-1b transcripts, with and without AREs The influence of MCPIP ... transcription of genes encoding cytokines is not sufficient to guarantee the appearance of functional proteins As reported by Kaspar and Gehrke [18] and Dinarello [19], stimulation of macrophages...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... equivalent volumes of M urea solution and then run on SDS ⁄ PAGE Lanes a and d, in the absence of both TnC and Ca2+; lanes b and e, in the presence of TnC and the absence of Ca2+; lanes c and f, in the ... presence (lanes m–q) of equimolar amounts of Akazara scallop TnC Lanes h and m, ATnI-52K; lanes i and n, ATnI-19K; lanes j and o, ATnI1)128; lanes k and p, ATnI130)252; lanes l and q, ATnI232)292; ... above schemes and the structural and functional features of some invertebrate troponins Molluskan TnC binds only one mole of Ca2+ per mole of protein at site IV in the C-domain because of amino acid...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... downstream-located genes of the pil cluster could not be excluded, and therefore the question of whether the products of pilM, pilN, pilO and pilW each play a role in natural transformation and piliation ... and characterization of seven distinct competence gene loci in the genome of T thermophilus HB27 comprising a total of 16 potential genes of the DNA translocator [6–8] However, so far, none of ... machineries of mesophilic bacteria, together with the effect of a pilW mutation on the biogenesis and ⁄ or stability of PilA4 and PilQ in the outer membrane, indicate that PilW is a special feature of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... of different plant mitochondria were about 1–2 lM for both ADP and ATP Ó FEBS 2002 Functional integration of AACs in E coli (Eur J Biochem 269) 3179 Table Km and Vmax values for ATP and ADP of ... expressed plant and mammalian AAC proteins (Fig 1) The undefined TB medium and the addition of pyruvate and malate stimulated the bacterial metabolism and led to the generation of a high proton ... (concentrations see lane 4) in the presence of CCCP (100 lM) apparent Km value of 38 lM (AAC1) and 40 lM (AAC2) for ADP and an apparent Km value of 105 lM (AAC1) and 140 lM (AAC2) for ATP (Table 2) In...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... Hamilton, R.D & Rhuland, L.E (1972) Occurrence of esters of 15S-prostaglandin A2 and E2 in coral J Am Chem Soc 94, 2122–2123 17 Light, R.J & Samuelsson, B (1972) Identification of prostaglandins in the ... variants of P homomalla and establish that they form PGs with opposite stereochemistry at C-15 The primary structures of the 15R- and 15S-COX variants of P homomalla share 97% sequence identity and ... similar quantities of 15R- and 15S-PG The physical organization of all corals, including P homomalla, comprises hundreds or thousands of individuals in a colony If a mixture of PGs is found, some...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... phosphorylation, and P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptor protein expression and functional activity Examination of the effects of specific pharmacological agents (a single agonist and two specific antagonists of P2Y1 and ... devoid of serum for up to 96 h and examined the effect of such long-term serum starvation on cellular morphology, adhesion, proliferative and differentiation state, basal level of ERK1 ⁄ and Akt ... ⁄ G1, 25% in G2 ⁄ M, and 15% in S phase After 24 and 48 h of serum starvation,  80% and 90% of cells were growth arrested, respectively However, there were still a number of unsynchronized cells,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... Analysis of Genes and Genomes Richard J Reece University of Manchester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Analysis of Genes and Genomes Analysis of Genes and Genomes Richard J Reece University of Manchester, ... at The University of Manchester I thank the many of them who read parts of the manuscript, and all of them for challenging me, and many of my preconceived ideas Judith, Daniel and Kathryn have ... pairing (A to T and G to C) holds the two strands of the helix together DNA replication occurs through the unwinding of the DNA strands and copying each strand The central dogma of molecular biology:...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:05

... seminorms · h,k in the left-hand side of 2.2 , s and the elements of the dual space S s of Sr are called Gelfand-Shilov generalized functions In r particular, one denotes S by F and calls its elements ... , m, of 1.3 for the 1, , l, k 1, , m 3.29 Applying the proof of Theorem 3.1, we get the result for the space of Gelfand generalized functions Hyers-Ulam stability of related functional ... stability of the Euler-Lagrange functional equation,” Chinese Journal of Mathematics, vol 20, no 2, pp 185–190, 1992 22 I M Gel’fand and G E Shilov, Generalized Functions Vol Spaces of Fundamental and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 11:20

... Ibrahim and Paleolog as lymph nodes and joints at various stages of disease in susceptible DBA/1J and resistant FVB/N strains In parallel, a genome screen was performed of the F2 progeny mice of a ... activation, as well as expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and members of the inhibitor of apoptosis family (cIAP-1, XIAP and survivin, which directly bind to and inhibit caspases), was strikingly ... either T helper (Th) or Th2 effector cells The goals of this arm of EUROME are to identify genes and pathways involved in this differentiation of DCs and to set up an ex vivo–in vivo cell therapy whereby...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... genotype relative risk of 1.5, and 0.95 for genotype relative risks of 1.75 Discussion This is the first study to assess the association of the high priority candidate genes PTPN22 and tp53 specifically ... Over-expression and functional mutations of p53 have been noted in synovial tissues of RA [12] and in cutaneous lesions of psoriasis [13] Because PsA shares pathogenic mechanisms with RA and psoriasis, ... the Newfoundland PsA patients, 53% were male and their mean age at onset of the study was 49.7 years The mean age at onset of psoriasis was 29.3 years (standard deviation 14.2 years) and the mean...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... (1), and ei (t) and eiz (t) are the residual effects in individual i at time t, including the aggregate effect of polygenes and error effects The dynamic features of the residual errors of these ... the precision of parameter estimation and the power of QTL detection by functional mapping These factors are related to experimental design (sample size and number and pattern of repeated measures), ... the most important and specific tests for the existence of QTL that affect mRNA and protein changes pleiotropically or separately, and for the effects of the QTL on the shape of differential functions...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... suggested by Watson and Crick The separation of the DNA strands of the parent helix (black) means that each strand can act as a template of the synthesis of a new strand of DNA (blue) This is ... divisions, Meselson and Stahl did observe the presence of two bands of different densities – the first corresponding to the position of a mixed 14 N/15 N DNA species and the second, of equal intensity, ... Meselson and Stahl, however, dismissed this mode of replication by the analysis of individual single strands of replicated DNA They heated their DNA (Figure 1.11) and found that individual strands...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... double-stranded DNA molecule (Figure 3.11) Functionally related genes of λ are generally clustered together on the λ genome, except for the two positive regulatory genes N and Q Genes on the left-hand ... Naming genes and DNA The names given to plasmids, genes and other DNA fragments may, at first glance, appear to be nothing more than a jumbled collection of letters and numbers The process of naming ... purposes, including the production of single-stranded DNA, the high-level expression of protein encoding genes, and the production of RNA The vast majority of molecular cloning experiments utilize...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... strand and will initiate DNA synthesis of a new sense strand Similarly, the antisense primer will bind to the sense strand of the DNA and will initiate the synthesis of a new antisense strand ... λ genome and the lytic life cycle could still be completed and plaques would form The remaining DNA, often referred to as the left-hand and right-hand arms of the λ genome, is capable of providing ... combination of deafness and abnormal pigmentation The disease is responsible for over per cent of the cases of adult deafness, and is often associated with a frontal white blaze of hair and white...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... DNA strand is made double stranded through the binding of another, complementary, primer and the action of Taq DNA polymerase Like other methods of mRNA analysis, such as northern blots and nuclease ... process of producing a double-stranded cDNA copy of an mRNA molecule is shown in Figure 5.4 The presence of a polyA tail is unique to mRNA, and provides a mechanism of distinguishing and isolating ... subtraction of the driver library from the target library results in the elimination of common sequences (genes and 2) and the enrichment of sequences that are more abundant in the target library (genes...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... the anti-sense strand and the sense strand of the target DNA, respectively The other two primers (2 and 3) are designed to bind to the different strands of the same DNA sequence and will also introduce ... strand of PCR 2, then DNA polymerase can produce a double-stranded version of the gene that contains the mutation In practice, the products of PCR and PCR are mixed in the presence of primers and ... DNA containing the mutation and sequences at the -end of the sense strand and, separately, the DNA containing the mutation and sequences at the -end of the sense strand The two PCR products formed...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... The analysis of changes in the expression of all of the thousands or tens of thousands of genes within a genome is essential if we are to understand the interplay between genes and gene products ... knowledge of the sequence of individual genes, and the entire genome, is vital if we are to understand not only how genes and proteins work but also how different gene products influence the activity of ... relationships among members of large data sets, • analyse and interpret various types of data including DNA and amino acid sequences, protein domains and protein structures and • develop and implement tools...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21

... inhibition of protein production in the presence of tetracycline only (Handler and Iozzo, 2001) The efficiency of antisense inhibition can vary widely between species and individual genes, and specific ... for thousands of years and the introduction of DNA technology has allowed, and will allow, many novel and important traits to be imparted The safety of the resulting crops, both in terms of the ... has six chromosomes, and virtually ¨ all of the genes on two of these have been knocked out using RNAi (Gonczy et al., 2000; Fraser et al., 2000) Knock-outs of a number of the genes result in sterile...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 11:21