function of data link layer in networking

... Overview Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: ã Explain the role of Data Link layer protocols in data transmission. ã Describe how the Data Link layer prepares data for transmission ... Connecting Upper Layer Services to the Media 11 ã To support a wide variety of network functions, the Data Link layer is often divided into two sublayers: an upper sublayer and an lower sublayer. ... consists of virtual connections between the nodes of a network independent of their physical layout. – These logical signal paths are defined by Data Link layer protocols. ã The Data Link layer...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 13:17

... suggesting that this MT isoform has different and distinct functions within the brain. Furthermore, the discovery and continued investigation of this brain-spe- cific MT isoform has led to intense interest ... properties. In this review, we examine the recent developments regarding the function of neuronal growth-inhibi- tory factor within the brain, particularly in response to brain injury or during neurodegenerative ... remained elevated for almost a month [19,20]. The increase in GIF expression in response to these different types of brain injury was often observed in glial cells accumulating at the degenerating...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 15:20

... contained a 30 bp insertion in the ORF, beginning at nucleotide 516. This resulted in insertion of a 10 amino acid segment (TREIDYPETI) and one substitution (Ser fi Gly) at the C-terminal end of ... residue cystine-knot domain. Injection of Spa ă tzle-C108, but not proSpa ă tzle-1A, into larvae stimulated expression of several antimicrobial peptides and proteins, including attacin-1, cecropin-6, moricin, lysozyme, ... patterning in early embryonic development and in the antimicrobial immune response in larvae and adults. We have investigated the function of Spa ă tzle in a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta, in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... cystatin C or cystatin C-based eGFR in HIV-infected persons included those on HAART with regimens consisting of tenofovir and indinavir, and the reported increase in serum cystatin C in these stu- dies ... LA: Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis ... {1.123*log(1/cystatin C)}=+ , where 1/cystatin C is the reciprocal of the concentra- tion of serum cystatin C in mg/l. Advanced HIV d isease was defined clinically as WHO Clinical Stage 3 disease or Clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

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Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

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Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2014, 21:01

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 22:04

... family of cyto- plasmic tyrosine kinases. In 1993, loss -of -function mutations in the BTK gene were reported as the cause of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Of all the existing 90 tyrosine kinases in ... pro- tein kinase B (PKB)]. In AKT, a cysteine substitution of the corresponding R25 in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain also results in loss of function [16,17], thereby demonstrating related functions ... locations of the missense mutation in the BTK PH domain; arginine 28 is in dark blue, encircled in red. Bottom left: SH2 domain. Right: kinase domain. The mutated residues are indicated in yellow,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... full-length v-KIND; DKIND1, deletion of KIND1; DKIND2, deletion of KIND2; DKIND1 + 2, deletion of both KIND1 and KIND2; DRasN, deletion of RasN; DGEF, deletion of RasGEF; KIND1, KIND1 domain; KIND2, KIND2 ... stain) EGFP EGFP-KIND2-1 EGFP-KIND2-2 EGFP-KIND2-3 EGFP-KIND2-4 EGFP-KIND2-5 EGFP-KIND2 EGFP-KIND1 KIND2-1 487 KIND2-2 521 KIND2-3 555 KIND2-5 589 KIND2-4 488 456 620 KIND2 v-KIND + + + – – Interaction EGFP EGFP- KIND2-1 Input IB: ... resides within the 32 residues (amino acids 456–487) of the v-KIND KIND2 domain. To examine whether the MAP2 binding core site of v-KIND binds to intact MAP2 protein, we coex- pressed EGFP-fused KIND2-1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... and the tender in original along with earnest money for Rs. 10,000/= in shape of demand draft in favour of Bank of India, shall be submitted in the office of Zonal Manager, Zonal office, Ludhiana. ... MBPS of D Link make Each 1 3. Supply and installation of 24 port jack panel of D -link make Each 1 4. Supply & installation of 60 pole mounted rack 18” height made of power ... 1.8 Leased/ISDN line Cable from Router to Outer Pole of BSNL R.M 13 0 2. ELECTRICAL POINTS Providing fixing and testing of electrical p oints including wiring, plate type switches,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... main chain of residues Ser12fiThr70 in the structure a lignment. (C) Overlap of X-ray structure o f TmAFP with theNMR structure determined at 30 °Cusing the main chain of residues Gln1fiGly8 0 in ... f isoform 337 with the structure o f th e l onger i soform CfAFP-501 using the main chain of residues Thr23fiAsn90 in i soform 337 and residues Thr54fiMet121 in CfAFP-501. (B) Overlap of isoforms ... epetitive arrangement of polar groups that could bind ice. The inability of re searchers to propose a consistent model explaining t he type III AFP/ ice-binding in terms of hydrogen bonding has led to...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... periods of times (0–60 min) at 37 °C. The concentration of the biotinylated Ig remaining on the cell surface was then quantified by measuring the binding of [ 125 I]Streptavidin. In the absence of ... domain and devoid of any tag was not functional [27], while a mutant containing four amino acids of the ectodomain and including a rhodopsine tag was found constitutively activated [29]. In agreement ... They were then incubated with 0.25 mL of incubation medium containing 2 lgặmL )1 of biotinylated R5T-34 monoclonal Ig [30] at 4 C for 30 min. In some cases, monensin 40 l M was added to the incubation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... CaM-binding domains, and contains at least one conserved potential CaM-binding motif [46]. Additionally, the binding of CaM at the C-terminus and the binding of NADPH at the extreme N-terminus ... is in contrast to the function of these motifs in Hop and Hip [40,42,43]. Interestingly, binding of Tic40 to Tic110 is favoured when the transit peptide-binding site of Tic110 is occupied by incoming ... protein, including the dehydrogenase domain. Spe- cific binding of the FNR is mediated by a unique series of proline/serine-rich repeat motifs located in the C-terminus. For the integration into the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20