fun for flyers cd free download

Ngày tải lên: 07/05/2014, 11:39

... supermarket. 4. Write another Caption for the Picture. 9 Answers to #4 1 Mother and son • B • “No, I don’t download you. I give birth to you !” • of ; to /for • “Hours at the computer have made ... the baby brought joy ……… Mary. 5. Write another creative Caption for the Cartoon picture. Suggestion 1 An English Lesson - Fun for Everyone I must write proper sentences. I must take care of ... famous people 3. For each of the following words, give another word that can replace it. A supposed ………… B famous ……………… C commercials …………………… 4. Write another creative caption for the cartoon...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2013, 03:10

... algorithms. We give the first O(n 4) results for the natural formalism of bilexical context -free grammar, and for AI- shawi's (1996) head automaton grammars. For the usual case, split head automaton ... having the form A + a, where A E VN, a E (VN U VT)*. If every production in P has the form A -+ BC or A + a, for A,B,C E VN,a E VT, then the grammar is said to be in Chomsky Normal Form (CNF). ... q i h h h q i4 are derived for some h, s such that dh $. q F q E Fdh Figure 3: An O(n 3) recognition algorithm for split head automaton grammars. The format is as in Figure 1, except...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... referred to .as ID/LP format. And it is precisely this aspect of the for- malism that. makes the theory attractive for application to lan- guages with a high degree of word-urder freedom. The analysis ... a function from discourse situa- tions to the appropriate truth-conditional meaning in the spirit of Barwise and Perry (1981). The analysis here is not concerned with choosing a formalism for ... provide for those elements of discourse information that influence the syntactic structure directly. Note, that the new LP rules do not resolve the problem of ordering-principle conflicts, for...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Backward and local backward quantities for the expanded range can be expressed as a function of the same quantities for r . There- fore if we store our quantities for previously pro- cessed ranges, ... Context -Free Rewriting Systems (LCFRSs) have been introduced by Vijay- Shanker et al. (1987) for modeling the syntax of natural language. The formalism extends the generative capacity of context -free ... Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 525–533, Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics Optimal rank reduction for Linear Context -Free Rewriting...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... bed, the bullet was searched for by three or four of the best surgeons in the army, who could not find it, but said it had entered into his body. At last he called for me, to see if I could be ... disposition; instruction; a favorable position for the study; early tuition; love of labour; leisure. First of all, a natural talent is required; for, when Nature leads the way to what is most excellent, ... bad treasure, and a bad fund to those who possess it, whether in opinion or reality, being devoid of self-reliance and contentedness, and the nurse both of timidity and audacity. For timidity betrays...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... for Computational Linguistics, pages 450–459, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Optimal Head-Driven Parsing Complexity for Linear Context -Free ... rank to two, is there- fore important for parsing, as it reduces the time complexity needed for dynamic programming. This has lead to a number of binarization algorithms for LCFRSs, as well as ... introduce LCFRSs and de- fine the problem of optimizing head-driven parsing complexity for these formalisms. For a positive in- teger n, we write [n] to denote the set {1, . . . , n}. As already...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... algorithm for transforming LCFRS with fan-out at most 2 into a binary form, whenever this is possible. This results in asymptotical run-time improvement for known parsing algorithms for this class. 1 ... non-negative integers by N. For i, j ∈ N, the interval {k | i ≤ k ≤ j} is denoted by [i, j]. We write [i] as a shorthand for [1, i]. For an alphabet V , we write V ∗ for the set of all (fi- nite) ... Introduction Since its early years, the computational linguistics field has devoted much effort to the development of formal systems for modeling the syntax of nat- ural language. There has been a considerable...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... 23.47 Table 1: Speed and BLEU scores for two-pass decoding. UNI stands for the uniform (zero) outside estimate. BO stands for the bigram outside cost estimate. BB stands for the best border estimate, ... do for speech recognition. Second, we explore heuristics for agenda-based search, and present a heuristic for our second pass that combines precomputed language model infor- mation with information ... the decoder. For these reasons, the parsing problems for more realistic synchronous CFGs such as in Chiang (2005) and Galley et al. (2006) are formally equiva- lent to ITG. Therefore, we believe...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/05/2014, 11:58

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2014, 14:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/07/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/10/2014, 10:12

... Publishing Bath, UK Thank you for downloading this free ebook. You are welcome to share it with your friends. This book may be reproduced, copied and distributed for non-commercial purposes, ... space, Telco Inc cannot afford to let this happen. Solution: Since George has his entire team in one building, it is easy for him to use Enterprise LEADER as a catalyst for change and a vehicle ... 'middle women'. These are people who neither over perform, nor under-perform and provide a tremendous opportunity to improve the performance and profitability of your company. There is a clear...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 08:17

Ngày tải lên: 26/08/2013, 21:10

... ask one member to take two pieces. These are the nouns that must be compared. To help students form their topic sentences, write the following on the board: "______ and ______ are similar...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 05:10

... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... Support services Useful if you don't have your  own support resources Long term support commitment,  even for versions considered as  obsolete by the community, but  not by your users! 44 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Commercial toolsets Caution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary! Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code  available to their users, and most of the time, to the community. As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL  doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party. No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the  community. Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their  licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a  customer to know or get a free preview kit to know. 35 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Various tools 34 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Emulators ­ Summary System emulators Useful to experiment with a full system, including the kernel qemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mips SkyEye: several arm architectures User emulators Useful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUs qemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips 20 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (2) Coldfire Code Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU/Linux and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfire PowerPC Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux and EABI) http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html 49 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Sysgo ­ Koan Software http://sysgo.com ELinOS development toolset, in particular based on Eclipse and the Linux Trace Toolkit. Includes FreeToolBox, a freely  downloadable compiling and rootfs  creating toolchain. Supports i386, arm and ppc. Hard real­time support with their own  microkernel (PikeOS), an approach similar to RTAI. http://koansoftware.com Makers of KaeilOS (http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial  applications. KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm  platforms. Other platforms supported upon  request. Includes several graphical toolkits and  supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai,  preemption patches). Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not  available for public download. 16 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Standalone toolchain build Building a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task!  Can take days or weeks! Lots of details to learn. Several components to build (building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library). Lots of decisions to make (such as C library version and configuration for your platform) Need kernel headers and C library sources Need to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platform Useful to be familiar with building and configuring tools http://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdf can show you how fun it can be! 21 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchain building utilities Buildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/ Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchains and even entire root filesystems. Downloads sources and applies patches. Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/ Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchains Doesn’t support uClibc yet. Downloads sources and applies patches. 26 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchains ­ useful resources eLinux.org toolchain page: http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains 29 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Emulators 8 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 glibc http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ License: LGPL C library from the GNU project Designed for performance, standards compliance and  portability Found on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems: about 1.7 MB on  Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB) 36 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 chroot Available in all GNU/Linux distributions Usage: chroot <dir> [command] Runs a command or an interactive shell with a special root directory. Standard usage: Internet servers Services executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system. Usage for embedded system development: Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host. Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set. Used by LFS (Linux From Scratch). Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent. / bin lib etc http / lib etc bin chroot jail ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 00:15