fuel oxygenates by microwave irradiation

... stirring of the slurry was continued for 15 and then the mixture was subjected to microwave irradiation at 150 W microwave power for 10 The slurry became clear with a white precipitate at the bottom ... the differences between the precursor and the product and also the important role played by the microwave irradiation which converts this precursor to well-defined nanorods X-ray Diffraction Pattern ... rapid formation of ZnO nanorods under microwave irradiation Figure shows the TEM image of the representative nanorods which further supports the results obtained by the FESEM images The ED pattern...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... reactions, ultrasound irradiation was performed by means of a BRANSON 1210E-MT ultrasonic bath, operating at frequency 47 kHz Microwave irradiation was performed by means of a batch microwave oven CEM ... temperature provided by microwave or conventional heating increased the yield of 5b, ii) in case of the oxidation of 4, the assistance of microwave or ultrasound increased the formation of 1a by cleavage ... found by the shaking method Microwave irradiation enhanced the yields quickly in the shorter time, however the reaction has not performed completely In reactions leading to product competition, microwave...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 03:20

... cysts as determined by animal infectivity assay (P-2951-01) Water Research 36: 2098-2108 Rice, E W and J C Hoff 1981 Inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts by ultraviolet irradiation Applied and ... very sensitive to LP UV irradiation (Linden et al, 2002, Mofidi et al, 2002, Campbell et al, 2002) Also, this and a previous study (Mofidi et al, 2002) suggest that LP UV irradiation could be quite ... that MP UV irradiation is also very effective – possibly more effective – in inactivating G lamblia cysts in real field waters Meanwhile, the inactivation kinetics of G lamblia cysts by MP UV in...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... costs of improved fuel economy Cutting global average automotive fuel consumption (L/100 km) by 50% (i.e doubling MPG) would reduce emissions of CO2 by over gigatonne (Gt) a year by 2025 and over ... new vehicles by reducing tax on suitably equipped cars Fuel Taxes Finally, governments set fuel taxes, and this has a direct impact on fuel economy The 15% difference in the average fuel economy ... 1: The Potential for CO2 Reduction, Crown, UK 18 | 50 by 50: Global Fuel Economy Initiative 5 0BY5 0 GLOBAL FUEL ECONOMY INITIATIVE www.5 0by5 0campaign.org CONTACTS Sheila Watson Director of Environment...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... acetic acid as a byproduct) By contrast, in this study, the decomposition of zinc ferrite could be greatly facilitated because of the presence of hot spots, these spots are produced by the graphite ... study consists of a one-step vapor transport, decomposition, and condensation reaction assisted by microwave to prepare these nanostructures is reported for the first time On the other hand, it ... (a) Low magnification FE-SEM micrographs of Pb(core)/ZnO(shell) nanowires obtained by the decomposition-assisted microwave synthesis of zinc ferrite (b) Nanowires seen at higher magnification It...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... 120°C and transferred into a microwave reaction vessel Then, the mixture was heated for 10 at 290°C by microwave irradiation The resulting nanocrystals were precipitated by addition of ml of ethanol ... upconversion) of the nanocrystals seem to be unaffected by the microwave- assisted synthesis method Thus, beyond being rapid and easy to use, microwaveassisted synthesis of upconversion nanocrystals ... Upconverting Nanocrystals by Microwave- Assisted Synthesis ACS Nano 2009, 3:3804 Wang H, Tilley RD, Nann T: Size and shape evolution of upconverting nanoparticles using microwave assisted synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... to W J Botta Filho and A M Jorge Jr by the TEM measurements, Dr C S Xavier by their valuable discussions and also to Dr D P Volanti by the development of the microwavehydrothermal system 123 1378 ... differences observed between width and height is caused by the increase in the effective collision rates between the nanoparticles by the microwave radiation, as previously described in the text ... gap energy (Egap) was estimated by the method proposed by Wood and Tauc [65] According to these authors, the Egap is associated with absorbance and photon energy by the following equation: hma...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... Ni/TaN/Si substrate by using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) system are investigated The structure and composition of Ni catalyst nanoparticles are investigated by using scanning ... examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4000) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEOL, JEM2100F) Synthesis of aligned MWCNTs was investigated by means ... The pretreatment was performed at different H2 flow ratios (100, 200, and 300 sccm) in a 915-MHz microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) system This procedure converted the Ni layer...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... feasibility of remote deposit redissolving by using the local heat dissipated by gold nanoparticles (AuNP) selectively attached to the Ab fibrils when irradiated with microwaves (MW) [3–5] Although the ... mW We apply the microwaves in a resonating chamber under mild magnetic stirring The resonating chamber was a copper cavity of cm diameter by 12 cm height with 0.5 cm thick walls Microwaves arrived ... 16,000g for and finally observed by TEM Irradiated samples were incubated at room temperature for 48 h, and the fibril formation was determined by ThT test and by TEM Incubation of Irradiated Samples...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... reducing agent, UV irradiation for 30 is required for the formation of Pd nanoparticles [21] But, in the current procedure, reduction of Pd by oxalate occurs so rapidly and of UV irradiation is sufficient ... synthesized by the reaction of Pd(OH)2 and oxalic acid [19] In the case of Pt also, a similar kind of oxalate complex with the wire morphology has been observed [20] In the absence of oxalate, irradiation ... even after 30 of UV irradiation K 800 C Counts (cps) 600 O Cu 400 Pd Cu 200 Pd Energy (keV) Fig EDAX spectrum of intermediate complex, K2[Pd(C2O4)2] 123 In the case of UV irradiation method using...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... length and density were grown on Si substrates by MPECVD process at relatively low temperature by judicious control of the process parameters such as microwave power and growth time The CNTs have ... CNTs have been grown on Si substrates by tubular MPECVD process at relatively low temperature through judicious control over the process parameters such as microwave power and growth time Iron ... deposited by tubular MPECVD process on p-Si (100) substrates The details of the experimental set up is described elsewhere [23] In brief, tubular MPECVD system is equipped with a 1.2 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... length and density were grown on Si substrates by MPECVD process at relatively low temperature by judicious control of the process parameters such as microwave power and growth time The CNTs have ... CNTs have been grown on Si substrates by tubular MPECVD process at relatively low temperature through judicious control over the process parameters such as microwave power and growth time Iron ... deposited by tubular MPECVD process on p-Si (100) substrates The details of the experimental set up is described elsewhere [23] In brief, tubular MPECVD system is equipped with a 1.2 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

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Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... from microwave irradiation becomes smaller, so the value of eV tends to be stable Moreover, two other advantages of microwave irradiation on membrane distillation can also be confirmed: (1) microwave ... compared with PVDF materials, so most microwave energy from microwave source is absorbed by water selectively, which indirectly restrains the effect of microwave irradiation on PVDF materials 4.5 ... reactor could be achieved by implementing microwave irradiation This may have a potential application in the future, when scaling up the system is needed (2) Microwave irradiation could strengthen...

Ngày tải lên: 01/09/2015, 10:59

... 65 5.2.1 Propagation loss for strip waveguides by direct proton beam irradiation 65 5.2.2 Low loss strip waveguides by large area irradiation 70 5.2.3 Strip waveguide with various ... by single energy irradiation through a mask (d) Corresponding output image by simultaneously coupling light into all the waveguides 95 xiii Figure 6.3 3-Level system formed by ... beam while there is no irradiation needed Critical parameters for the irradiation process such as irradiation fluence (numbers of ions/cm2) of ions can also be controlled by Ionscan, since the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:21

... 1.9.2: Effect of irradiation on the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2 28 1.9.3: Effect of moisture content of mushrooms on the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2 by UV irradiation ... The conversion of ergosterol in whole mushrooms to vitamin D2, by exposure to UV irradiation was significantly affected (p < 0.01) by the orientation of the mushroom tissues to the UV radiation ... 1919, vitamin D, sometimes referred to as the “sunshine vitamin”, was discovered by Sir Edward Mellanby (Mellanby, 1919) as part of his experiments on rickets The main role of vitamin D is it’s...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... aviation grade fuel cleaned by using RCI purification technology provided device RCI purification technology device can removed water portion and fuel sediment from liquid fuel Produced fuel density ... -CH=CH-(cis) Aviation or kerosene grade fuel (Figure 4) collected from PS waste plastic and fuel collection temperature range was use at 180-205 ºC and fuel analysis by using of DSC for boiling point ... 873 Figure PS waste plastic fuel to aviation grade fuel production process Results and discussion 3.1 Analytical technique Perkin Elmer GC/MS was used for liquid fuel analysis purposed GC/MS...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... by ROI suggests the involvement of tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of Lyn induced by 280 nm UV The observation that the activation of P38 by 280 nm UV light was completely inhibited by ... induced by the irradiation Role of Lyn, Btk, and P38 in UV- induced cell death We examined the involvement of PTKs and P38 in cell death process following UV irradiation As shown in Fig 5, irradiation ... cell viability are quite different The cell death response induced by 280 nm UV irradiation was augmented by Btk depletion as by a speci®c inhibitor for P38, and partially blocked in Lyn-de®cient...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 11:20

... plume is determined by the pressure and the temperature at the target surface The constant velocity at high laser fluences indicates that the surface temperature is not affected by the increase of ... above 5.2 J/cm2 Extinction of the laser beam is determined by the cross section of the energized atoms, which in turn is determined by the temperature of the vapor plume The temperatures of vapor ... percentage of laser energy scattered by the plume is about to percent, indicating the existence of liquid droplets This phenomenon again can be explained by the different ablation mechanisms...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... Major Fuel Constituents Impact on PEFC, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC Gas Species PEFC AFC PAFC MCFC SOFC H2 Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel Fuel CO Poison (reversible) (50 ppm per stack) Poison Poison (

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20