from fowler´s solution to modern anticancer chemotherapy

... a fasting-state blood sample was obtained from both case & control group and sent to the laboratory Serum Na+, K+ levels were measured with flam photometry method by the aid of SEAC model FLP20, ... suffering from senile cataract which verifies previous studies [2, 25, 28] Though aging by itself is the most important risk factor for cataract formation, other factors such as cataract family history, ... for all of them Patients suffering from age-related cataract with any other ophthalmologic disease or any past history of ophthalmic surgery were excluded from the study This exclusion criteria...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:49

... mM and from 6.46 to 33.14 mM, respectively The subsaturating regions of the curves were used to generate Lineweaver–Burk plots (Fig 4A–C) To calculate K and Ki, the Kapp values derived from the ... the computer program CHELATOR [45] Na+ varied from to 10 mM at various Mg2+free fixed concentrations: 1.35 mM (m), 3.7 mM (h), 6.46 mM (d) and 9.38 mM (,) K+ varied from to 10 mM at various fixed ... entalphies of transfer from water to aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solutions J Phys Chem 77, 1797–1800 42 Kundu, K.K & Das, A.K (1979) Transfer free energies of some ions from water to dimethylsulfoxide-water...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:20

... rather are important for conferring resistance to proteases and ⁄ or the ability of the toxin to penetrate anatomical barriers Thus, we decided to directly examine whether the functionally critical ... in toxic and inhibitory polypeptides Protein Sci 3, 1833–1839 King GF, Tedford HW & Maggio F (2002) Structure and function of insecticidal neurotoxins from Australian funnel-web spiders J Toxicol ... Janus-faced atracotoxins block KCa channels S J Gunning et al resembles that of the excitatory NaV channel modulator d-ACTX-Hv1a from the funnel-web spider Hadronyche versuta...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... performed according to standard procedures The concentration of each DNA sample was assessed by U.V spectrophotometry and found to vary from 100 to 200 ng·µL−1 The volume corresponding to µg DNA was ... presence of a fifth toe on top of the normal first toe, on one foot or possibly on both feet Inheritance of polydactyly was considered to be determined by an incompletely dominant autosomal gene, as ... The concentration of the DNA solution obtained from blood mixes was also adjusted to 10 ng/µl prior to the typing procedure Three mixed samples were made according to chick phenotypes: pool N...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... A2A and A2B receptors to the control of coronary blood flow Findings from this investigation indicate that A2A and A2B receptors contribute to coronary vasodilation in response to exogenous adenosine ... pressure-flow autoregulation refers to the intrinsic ability of the coronary circulation to maintain coronary blood flow constant in the presence of changes in perfusion pressure The autoregulatory phenomenon ... channels serve as critical end-effectors to a wide array of factors Given the significant contribution of coronary CaV1.2 channels to regulating Ca2+ influx in response to various mechanical and intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:10

... from fossil fuel combustion are estimated to lie between 2,050 and 2,445 million tons of CO2 per year CO2 emissions from industrial processes are estimated to lie between 81 and 104 million tons ... is very difficult to apply these models to actual test fields, as it is necessary to measure all these values to perform calculations with these models Therefore, in order to evaluate this environmental ... rings were filled up to a height of 20 cm Degassed water was poured onto the top of the column at a rate of 1.0×10-3 to 2.0× 10-3 cm3/s using a peristaltic pump (SJ-1211L, Atto Corp.) The lower...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... Adjustments can be made to the moulding machine to help reduce the time to mould but in the final analysis the time is dictated by the ability of the mould to carry the heat away from the molten polymer ... minimising functions linked to process quality and productivity The problem of cooling channels disposition in not only to find a way to construct them, but also to look for a method to apply this technology ... of the material from which the object is intended to be made from Fig 3D solid view of the model with a draft angle of 8◦ A rib was joined to the part in the internal cavity to increase the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 22:20

... quickly cooled to room temperature Final product was pulverized, sieved to select grains having sizes in the range of 60-150 µm According to [4, 7], the optimum concentration of the activators in powder-form ... temperature range from 50 o C to 360 o C Results and discussion Figure shows XRD patterns of four kinds of the LiF powders As shown in Fig 1, all the XRD patterns can be well indexed to the face centered ... LiF:Mg.Cu,Na,Si is increased to 0.40340 nm, i.e is increased 0.1 % The reason for the lattice expansion is maybe that the dopant atoms occupy intersite positions or the dopant atoms replacing those of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 04:20

... (A,B) Recordings from inside-out patches containing wild-type hEAG1 (A) and hEAG1DN channels (B) in response to depolarizing steps from )140 mV to +20 mV in steps of 10 mV, from a holding potential ... activation of the channels according to Eqn (D,E) Current recordings of hEAG1 (D) and hEAG1DN channels (E) in response to test depolarizations to +50 mV (D), and to )20 and )80 mV (E) under control ... respect to the array prior to CaM treatment was analyzed for all spots and is plotted in Fig 2D normalized to the maximum fluorescence increase as a function of the residue number (corresponding to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... been shown to be cytotoxic to Xenopus oocytes [16] However, the mechanisms involved in the toxicity of PTHs and PINs to mammalian cells remain poorly understood Therefore, as a first step toward understanding ... in the bath solution was decreased from 140 to 40 mm, the reversal potential of the current recorded in response to potential ramps shifted from to +23 mV (Fig 4C), which is close to the Na+ equilibrium ... shifted from to +24 mV (data not shown), which is close to the +30 mV equilibrium potential for Na+ The Na+ to Cl– permeability ratio (PNa ⁄ PCl) was  13 (n ¼ 5) To determine the K+ to Na+ permeability...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... proton binding to the unprotonated and mono-protonated thrombin form, respectively, whereas the ‘s’ and ‘p’ subscript refer to ES and EP thrombin species, and ‘1’ and ‘2’ superscript refer to ... claim to original US government works 167 Functions of the thrombin A-chain R De Cristofaro et al nol Denaturation was performed at 25 °C for h to allow the reaction to reach equilibrium To monitor ... shown to contribute about 35 and 9%, respectively, to the total intrinsic fluorescence of WT thrombin [12] In an attempt to understand the FEBS Journal 273 (2006) 159–169 ª 2005 FEBS No claim to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... Binding of d-atracotoxins on sodium channels (Eur J Biochem 269) 1501 tor site-3 {e.g scorpion a-toxins, Aah-II (toxin II from Androctonus australis hector [16]), LqhaIT (from Leiurus quinquestriatus ... of toxin binding to receptor site-3 The binding properties of the spider toxin, d-ACTX-Hv1a, to rat brain synaptosomes resemble those of scorpion a-toxins, thereby suggesting a common receptor ... synaptosomes gains further support from the 1.9-fold increase in receptor site capacity for scorpion a-toxins binding in the presence of batrachotoxin, an alkaloid toxin binding to receptor site-2...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... whether an intact cytoskeleton was significant in localization of NHE1 to the low density lipid fractions Cells were treated with cytochalasin D to disrupt the cytoskeleton and to disrupt interactions ... membrane [24] We used cytochalasin D to disrupt the cytoskeleton to determine if this would affect the distribution of the protein within lipid rafts Cytochalasin D caused caveolin to be more widely ... gallate To compare the localization of NHE1 with lipid raft distribution we used cholera toxin to examine staining of GM1 ganglioside essentially as described by others [13] Cholera toxin (coupled to...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... functionally important amino-acid residues proposed to insert into the membrane from the periplasm but without emerging from it into the cytoplasmic reservoir The connecting fragment (IIIa) and ... binding of Na+ ions from the cytoplasm at D203 and S382 including sites and their delivery into the periplasm as a proton enters the channel from this site and passes through it towards carboxybiotin ... are exposed towards the cytoplasm (D fi A) Ó FEBS 2002 Mechanism of oxaloacetate decarboxylase (Eur J Biochem 269) 3003 (Fig 4A) the Na+ channel is open to the cytoplasm giving access to the two...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... 0.001 compared to inhibition by fructose) To show that the protection that a-crystallin provided against Na/K-ATPase inactivation was not due to the removal of fructose by binding to a-crystallin, ... a-crystallin, were suspended in Mops buffer to give a final haematocrit of  10% Resealed cells were aliquotted into 1.5-mL Eppendorf tubes (triplicate) and were assigned to the addition of: (a) buffer (control); ... before assay and stored on ice To mL buffer (100 mM Tris/HCl pH 6.8, mM MgSO4, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mgÆmL)1 human serum albumin) was added 50 lL luciferin–luciferase solution and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 03:20

... [42,43,45] From the experimental data obtained both in vivo and in vitro, sPi4 appears to be pharmacologically more closely related to Pi1 than to maurotoxin, Pi7 or HsTx1 Indeed, the two toxins ... albumin (0.1%) was added to the recording and perfusion solutions to prevent toxin loss to the plastic chamber and tubules and nonspecific binding onto the cell Data analysis was performed using the ... scorpion toxin sequences The amino acid sequences of Pi4 (P imperator) [1], maurotoxin (S maurus palmatus) [4], Pi7 and Pi1 (P imperator) [1,5–7], and HsTx1 (H spinnifer) [8] were aligned according to...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... attributed to trnsferrin band Conclusion: The presence of transferrin in mitochondria is an explanation to the mechanism of iron transferred from cytosol to mitochondria C3-010P The rat excitatory ... homeostasis monitored using recombinant aequorins targeted to the cytoplasm, to the reticulum and to mitochondria Of the four PMCA2s the variant w/a (AIII/CII) was by far the least effective in restoring ... temperature-induced responses from recombinant TRPV1 and TRPM8 receptors, we developed an improved technique that enables to apply fast temperature changes from up to 60 °C (0.1 °C/ms) to solutions superfusing...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... which leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular proteins, including the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor [29] Although it is possible that other receptor or nonreceptor tyrosine ... signal/receptor, and the nature of crosstalk among these, before the consequences of the pathological derangement of the interacting networks linked to different receptors can be understood In this ... initiated (the details of which are not known), which clearly extends from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria where it leads to increase in generation of ROS [26,30] This increase in ROS is an...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:21

... (Fig 1) gave rise to characteristic ion channel activity (Fig 2) within 5–10 of adding 25 ng mL)1 protein to bilayers formed from palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylserine ... They interact with the cytoplasmic proteins, which in turn link them to cytoskeleton or intracellular signalling pathways Direct or indirect interaction of CLICs with cytoskeletal elements such ... stored in aliquots at )70 °C in buffer containing mm b-mercaptoethanol Ion channel reconstitution CLIC proteins were incorporated into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers formed from palmitoyl-oleoyl...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20