from design to experience towards a process model of user experience

... GAG degradation n-3 dose-dependently decreased the IL1-induced aggrecanase activity and basal aggrecanase and collagenase activity, whereas, in contrast, n-6 stimulated the basal aggrecanase and ... lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced GAG release [69] It also affected the activities of lysosomal enzymes, decreasing the activities of arylsulfatase A and arysulfatase B, an N-acetylgalactosaminidase-4-sulfatase, ... (vitamins C, E, B3, and B12, boron, a cocktail of vitamins and selenium, and a cocktail of minerals), on plant extracts (bromelain, Rosa canina, Harpagophytum procumbens, Uncaria tomentosa, and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... service take rates are always a consideration in choosing network architectures It may be argued that in a high take rate area, a cascaded splitter approach may make more sense In this case, there ... are readily available today and represent a natural evolution to more applications and better utilization of the copper plants But this is considered to be an intermediate solution, due to rate ... summary, a cascaded splitter approach can make sense in some applications, particularly when high take rates are certain or in extremely rural areas where fiber costs become more of a factor...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 22:15

... stages of design appraisal, the chosen parameters must apply to all joining processes Also, it is essential that the parameters relate to knowledge that is readily available and appropriate to ... knowledge of such factors as availability, cost and functional performance of alternatives As with primary and secondary manufacturing processes, selecting the most suitable joining process greatly ... occasions, but may result in loss or damage to the fastening system and/or base material Separation may require an additional process, for example, re-heating a soldered joint or plastic deformation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 00:20

... and capabilities of a range of important manufacturing, joining and assembly processes The intention is to promote the generation of design ideas and facilitate the matching and tuning of a design ... an explanation of the fundamentals of the process together with a diagrammatic representation of its operation and a finished part Materials: a description of the materials currently suitable for ... data on the characteristics and capabilities of each process in a standard format under headings including: material suitability, design considerations, quality issues, general economics and process...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 00:20

... stages of design appraisal, the chosen parameters must apply to all joining processes Also, it is essential that the parameters relate to knowledge that is readily available and appropriate to ... and capabilities of a range of important manufacturing, joining and assembly processes The intention is to promote the generation of design ideas and facilitate the matching and tuning of a design ... an explanation of the fundamentals of the process together with a diagrammatic representation of its operation and a finished part Materials: a description of the materials currently suitable for...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:25

... and capabilities of a range of important manufacturing, joining and assembly processes The intention is to promote the generation of design ideas and facilitate the matching and tuning of a design ... data on the characteristics and capabilities of each process in a standard format under headings including: material suitability, design considerations, quality issues, general economics and process ... deliverables are clearly defined, and the process aims to take account of market, product design, and manufacturing and financial aspects during each process stage The skill requirements are defined,...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 12:20

... stages of design appraisal, the chosen parameters must apply to all joining processes Also, it is essential that the parameters relate to knowledge that is readily available and appropriate to ... the characteristics and capabilities of the process: Process description: an explanation of the fundamentals of the process together with a diagrammatic representation of its operation and a finished ... candidate processes Process variations: a description of any variations of the basic process and any special points related to those variations Economic considerations: a list of several...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 12:20

... Manual (Version 12) (2002) CSC Manufacturing, Solihull, UK 1.37 Shimada, J., Mikakawa, S and Ohashi, T (1992) Design for manufacture, tools and methods: the assemblability evaluation method (AEM) ... Darwish, S M., Al Tamimi, A and Al-Habdan, S (1997) A knowledge base for metal welding process selection International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 37 (7), 1007–1023 Beitz, Q and Kuttner, ... Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 203, 143–148 Allen, A J et al (1991) Development of a manufacturing analysis and costing system International Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... data and make as pilot data only Check the data against known costs for components well suited to the process and calibrate accordingly Calibrate new process to known case studies Add data to ... main database, coded as a new process The user should be informed that cost estimates are based on new data Once the data is proven, code as a standard process 3.3 Manual assembly costing Many ... spite of the advent of more dedicated, automatic and programmable systems, mainly due to the inherent flexibility of manual or human operations 3.3.1 Assembly costing model The total cost of manual...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... ¼ average annual cost of tooling for processing an ideal component, including maintenance and N ¼ total production quantity per annum The above values of A, B and T are based on processing a ... well suited to the process and calibrate accordingly Calibrate the new process to known reaction injection molding case studies Add data to main database, coded as a new process The user should ... and component demand The above variables are taken account of in the calculation of, Pc, using the following equation: Pc ¼ AT þ B=N ½3:8Š where A ¼ total average cost of setting up and operating...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... useful to develop a sample model that is widely applicable to a number of different manufacturing processes In addition, the model was designed such that appropriate manufacturing processes and ... Fig 2.11 Diaphragm assembly designs The case studies show that selecting an inappropriate joining process can have a large detrimental effect on a design It could be argued that a DFA analysis would ... must match both material requirements The search indicated two adhesive types: cyanoacrylate and epoxy resin as candidates A search based on the same parameters for all quantities indicates toughened...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... operation are improved with automation generally Can be highly reliant on operator skill where automation not feasible Fabrication tolerances are a function of the accuracy of the component parts and ... relationship to each other The joining of parts by mechanical fastening systems can be generally classified as: Permanent: can only be separated by causing irreparable damage to the base material, functional ... and processing routes Adopting the Negari machine layout with multi-stations and manual handling and loading of parts provides a natural way of dealing with this problem Case study – Accelerator...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... frictional heat to soften the material at the joint area using a wear resistant rotating tool EXW: uses explosive charge to supply energy for a cladding sheet-metal to strike the base sheetmetal causing ... and provision for controlled explosion Welds as strong as base material in many cases Surface preparation important to remove any contaminates from the weld area such as oxide layers, paint and ... Thermit welding process Materials Carbon and low alloy steels, and cast iron only Process variations Molds can be refractory sand or carbon Can be used to repair broken areas of structural sections...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... components and/or sub-assemblies into a complete product of unit of a product Typically, a number of workstations comprising automatic part-feeders and fixed work-heads are arranged on an automatically ... magnesium and titanium alloys and copper Refractory alloys and cast iron can also be welded Dissimilar metals are difficult to weld Process variations Portable semi-automatic (manually operated) ... certain situations, particularly where operator safety is paramount, for example, hazardous or toxic environments, heavy component parts or a high repeatability requirement causing operator fatigue...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... Surfaces need to be clean and free from grease and scale to allow good masking adhesion and uniform material removal Masking material should not react with the chemical etchant Parts should be washed ... Common tool materials are: mild steel, stainless steel, tool steel, aluminum, brass and carbides (higher wear rates are experienced with aluminum and brass) Abrasive grit is available in many grades ... concentration all impact on accuracy, surface roughness and material removal rate Finishing cuts made at lower material removal rates Tool wear problematic Tool changes can be frequent Part is...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... of abrasive grit and water applied at high speed to the surface using compressed air Similar to Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) (see 5.7) Range of lap materials, abrasive materials, grain size and ... precise surface topographies Large range of stone geometries, abrasive materials, grain size, hardness grading, bond types and methods (co-axial and match honing) are available Automation aspects include ... excellent Surface roughness values ranging 0.025–1.6 mm Ra are obtainable Relatively soft and flexible materials tend to give inferior surface finish to hard materials A process capability chart showing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... shape parts) and turret lathes (limited to standard stock material) Automatic machines: fully or semi-automated Follow operations activated by mechanisms on the machine Automatic bar machines: ... properties than wrought materials Sharp edges on tools should be avoided Causes excessive tool wear Remnants of contaminates at grain boundaries may act as crack initiators Oxide film may impair properties ... forces and low local heat generation Surface detail is fair * Machinability index for a material is expressed as a percentage based on the relative ease of machining a material with respect to free...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... removal of material from a blank, for example, a hole Blanking: parts are blanked to obtain the final outside shape Fine blanking: uses special clamping tooling to produce a smooth and square-edged ... fuselage panels Containers Casings Architectural and decorative work Can also be used to clad other materials Design aspects Complexity limited to shape of female or male tool and constant ... aluminum and titanium alloys typically Material must be able to deform at low strain rates and high temperatures and possess a stable microstructure Process variations Either male or female...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... thickness variation can be eliminated by sufficient clamping and adequate lay-up procedures Toxicity and flammability of resin is an important safety issue, especially because of high degree of manually ... Materials Mainly carbon, low alloy and stainless steels, aluminum, copper and magnesium alloys Titanium alloys, nickel alloys, high alloy steels and refractory metals can also be forged Forgeability ... practice to have approximately equal volumes of material both above and below the parting line Inserts and undercuts are not possible Placing of parting line is important, i.e avoid placement across...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... Sizes ranging from several grams to 16 kg in weight Quality issues Variation in raw material charge weight results in variation of part thickness and scrap Air entrapment is possible Internal ... Process variations Molds are usually made of cast aluminum or aluminum filled epoxy Sheets can be heated by infrared heaters or in ovens Can have top and bottom heating elements, or top heating ... material and application of resin to mold to build up the thickness Hand or roller pressure removes any trapped air Variations on hand lay-up are: Vacuum bag molding: uses a rubber bag clamped...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21