friction lubrication and wear in lower kinematic pairs

... distinct from sliding, as a means of obtaining low coefficients of friction finds its greatest application in wheels and in ball and roller bearings It is known that lubricants have little influence ... Ling and S.J Calabrese, On Fractal Dimensions of Engineering Surfaces, Approaches to Modeling of Friction and Wear, F.F Ling and C.T.H Pan, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1987, p 167-173 A Majumdar and ... Modeling of Friction and Wear, F.F Ling and C.T.H Pan, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1987, p 83-88 32 E.M Kopalinsky, X Li, and P.L.B Oxley, Modelling Tool-Work Interface Friction in Metal Working Processes,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 23:20

... distinct from sliding, as a means of obtaining low coefficients of friction finds its greatest application in wheels and in ball and roller bearings It is known that lubricants have little influence ... Ling and S.J Calabrese, On Fractal Dimensions of Engineering Surfaces, Approaches to Modeling of Friction and Wear, F.F Ling and C.T.H Pan, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1987, p 167-173 A Majumdar and ... Modeling of Friction and Wear, F.F Ling and C.T.H Pan, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1987, p 83-88 32 E.M Kopalinsky, X Li, and P.L.B Oxley, Modelling Tool-Work Interface Friction in Metal Working Processes,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... with increasing die angles, and the drawing stress increases The optimal die angle that minimizes the drawing stress is increasing with the increase in reduction and friction With higher friction ... reduction in area Original and final radius of a wire Radius of the roll in strip rolling Outer, inner, and neutral radius, respectively, of a deforming ring Sommerfeld number Original and final thickness ... Global friction also increases with increasing values of local friction and with increasing asperity inclination Fig 20 The relation between the friction force and normal pressure with friction...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... operations include drilling, broaching, turning, grinding, milling, threading, reaming, boring, and sawing The other category is represented by metal forming lubricants, which are used in operations where ... examples of tools used in metalworking operations are a drill bit in a drilling operation, a work roll in a rolling operation, and a forging die in a forging operation In the drilling operation, the ... biocide, or finding and eliminating sources of contamination During their use, metal removal fluids become contaminated with metal chips and fine debris, such as metal particles and insoluble metal...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... However, wear rather than fatigue can be a problem in bearing housings Thin-shell bearings are universally used in diesel engines, and such bearings involve an interference fit between the bearing and ... solids, resulting in a very wide range of wear rate The purpose in defining and studying specific wear modes is to find ways to prolong the wear life of sliding systems Each mode of wear can best ... continuous jets This has led jet-cutting research to develop techniques for producing moving and oscillating jets, pulsating jets, and cavitating jets, all of which serve to introduce something...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... minerals processing plant showing effects of sliding wear in moist environment Crushing and Grinding Corrosive wear is prevalent in the grinding of mineral ores The annual cost of grinding media frequently ... effects of slip in many types of rolling contact arrangements Lubrication and wear of rolling-element bearings is discussed in the article "Friction and Wear of Rolling-Element Bearings" in this Volume ... Corrosion and wear often combine to cause aggressive damage in a number of industries, such as mining, mineral processing, chemical processing, and energy production Corrosion and wear processes involve...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... Sulfur Chlorine Nitrogen Compounds Water Physical properties Indicates Investigative level Wear Wear Additive Wear Additive Dirt Wear Wear Additive Wear Fuel Wear Wear Wear Wear Wear Dirt Dirt ... Monitoring of gear boxes and detection of gear wear within motors (Ref 3) and other industrial equipment constitute a broad area of ferrography application In gear wear, combined rolling and sliding ... been stagnant in the drain line The sample is captured in a clean nonmetallic container, sealed, and carefully labeled, including information about lubricant and equipment history In practice,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... Grinding-polishing Grinding/polishing Grinding-lapping 1.1-1.4 0.76-0.97 0.23-0.30 45-55 30-38 9-12 1.0-1.3(a) 0.28-0.33(a) 0.08-0.13 40-50(a) 11-13(a) 3-5 Grinding-polishing Grinding-polishing ... examples include abrasive wear in handling solid materials, as occurs in the mining industry Wear loss can be determined by measuring either mass change or dimensional change, which is discussed in ... spacing produced by the surface finishing process or to be 0.8 mm (0.03 in. ) as a minimum In general, the spacing of the machining marks increases with roughness; therefore, for the same finishing...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... shown in Fig 15(a) and 15(b) The selected area in Fig 15(a) included only a single grain, while many grains with different orientations are included in Fig 15(b), giving rise to spots in rings ... thermal wave imaging to wear can be found in the work of Blau and Olson (Ref 49) Imaging and Analysis in the TEM Basic Imaging and Diffraction Modes Electrons incident on sufficiently thin regions ... Engineers, 1991, p 91 I.L Singer, S Fayeulle, and P.D Ehni, Friction and Wear Behavior of TiN in Air: The Chemistry of Transfer Films and Debris Formation, Wear of Materials 1991, K.C Ludema and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... and the resulting oscillations in depth are detected with a lock -in amplifier It is necessary to allow for the machine compliance and for damping inherent in the depth-sensing transducer No indenter ... Simulated Grinding Experiments, Wear, Vol 44, 1977, p 231-241 D Graham and R.M Bual, An Investigation into the Mode of Metal Removal in the Grinding Process, Wear, Vol 19, 1972, p 301-314 Y Kita and ... Abrasive Tool, Wear, Vol 47, 1978, p 185-193 T.C Buttery and J.F Archard, Grinding and Abrasive Wear, Proc Inst Mech Eng (1970-1971), 185 27/71 N Gane and U Skinner, The Friction and Scratch Deformation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... (drawing, pressing, cutting, shaping, quarrying, and dredging) The generation and transmission of information (printing heads and magnetic recording interfaces) The diagnosis of friction and wear data ... all components are continuously involved in the friction and wear process, and "open systems," in which a materials flow in and out of the system occurs The friction and wear data of tribosystems ... is, the kinematics of triboelements (1) and (2), to be classified in terms of sliding, rolling, spin, and impact and their possible superpositions (Fig 3) The kinematics can be continuous, intermittent,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... rolling elements and raceways, rolling elements and cage pockets, cage rails and ring lands, roller ends and abutting flanges, thereby minimizing metal-to-metal contact, • • friction, and wear ... (in mm) The tabular data pertain strictly to radial and angular-contact bearings having inner ring groove radii 0.52D and outer ring groove radii 0.53D and to self-aligning bearings having inner ... slip) Sliding between the cage pockets and rolling elements • • • In bearings with land-riding cages (see Fig 17), sliding between the cage rails and ring-lands In roller bearings, sliding between...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... R Poppinga, Wear and Lubrication of Piston Rings and Cylinders, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (ASLE), 1948 54 J.G Hinkle and D.D Fuller, Evaluation of Friction and Wear Characteristics ... foil bearings (Fig 33c) Fig 33 Foil bearing designs (a) Tension-dominated foil bearing (b) Bending-dominated segmented foil bearing Source: Ref (c) Bending-dominated continuous foil bearing Source: ... foil bearings (Fig 33c) Fig 33 Foil bearing designs (a) Tension-dominated foil bearing (b) Bending-dominated segmented foil bearing Source: Ref (c) Bending-dominated continuous foil bearing Source:...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... result in a variety of wear types, including fretting, impact, adhesive, high-speed and oscillatory sliding, oxidational, ingested particle erosion, and abrasive wear High-speed sliding wear occurs ... found in the bearings originate in the oil supply system Sump castings, abrasively cut tubes, and grit-blast-cleaned parts in the bearing lubrication system all likely contain very fine alumina ... removal Rubbing or sliding wear or surface fatigue in bearings and in close running clearances between stationary and rotating or sliding components Erosion caused by solid particles in the flow...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... Prophylactic causes of wear Toothbrush and dentifrice Prophylactic pastes Scaling and cleaning instruments Cutting, finishing, polishing Cutting burs/diamonds Finishing burs Polishing pastes 2-body ... wear for light-cured composite and porcelain, and abrasion and fatigue wear for gold alloys Wear of both porcelain and cross-linked resin teeth was mainly via fatigue Abrasive wear occurred in ... sodium-potassium-aluminum silicate, and zirconium silicate (Ref 37) Cutting, Finishing, and Polishing Wear Tooth structure and restorative dental materials are routinely reshaped and smoothened using special instruments...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... being evaluated Block-on-ring is an ASTM standard test (Ref 19) for determining the resistance of materials to sliding wear The test utilizes a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine ... deformed in machining or forming operations The rapid work hardening of S20161 is a major advantage in sliding wear In S30430, copper is intentionally added to lower the work-hardening rate for ... or ore grinding balls is an example of high-stress abrasion in the mining industry Other examples include abrasion experienced by rolling-contact bearings, gears, cams, and pivots Gouging Abrasion...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... Connecting-rod and main bearings A C C B B 55 Connecting-rod and main bearings A C C B B 55 Connecting-rod and main bearings A C C B B 76 11 Connecting-rod and main bearings A C C B B 76 11 Connecting-rod ... trackroller bushings, farm-equipment gear bushings, mill-machinery bearings, machine-tool bearings Wrist pin bushings, mill-machinery bearings, machine-tool bearings, earth-moving machinery bearings, farm-equipment ... separate cleaning, etching, hot tinning, liner-alloy casting, and quenching operations are carried out continuously on a moving steel bearing-back strip One or more in- line machining operations...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... discharge machining (EDM) using wire or shaped electrode, and edge honing using a variety of abrasive techniques Final lapping to mirrorlike finishes is accomplished using diamond-containing slurries ... that obtained during metal-to-metal sliding using solid lubricants (Ref 70), indicating that a lubricating film may form at the mating surfaces during sliding wear of composites that contain soft ... al (Ref 35) in aluminum alloy composites containing glass particles, by Murali et al (Ref 24) in aluminum alloy composites containing char, and by Nath and Rohatgi (Ref 17) in aluminum alloy composites...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... resistance Coating Finishing Method Thermal spray coatings are finished to dimension either by single-point machining or by grinding Hard surfacing materials such as ceramics and carbides are ... coatings closest in machining and grinding behavior to wrought materials In general, thermal spray coatings can be machined to to m (40 to 80 in. ) Ra and ground to 0.25 to 0.5 m (10 to 20 in. ) ... for adhesive wear Applications and recommended materials for soft bearing coatings are listed in Table Table Thermal spray coatings for friction and wear applications Type of wear Coating material...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20

... reaction products, TiN and TiB2, resulted in a cladding microhardness of 1600 HV, which led to improved wear resistance by preventing ploughing and reducing friction Fig 13 Sliding wear behavior of ... Reduction in abrasive wear rate with increase in vol% carbide in particle-injected aluminum and titanium alloys Source: Ref 61 Ayers and Bolster (Ref 62) found that abrasive wear with and 30 m (120 and ... possibility of forming large inclusions When sliding is combined with rolling contact, near-surface inclusions (including oxides formed in grain boundaries during heat treatment) promote pitting (Ref 25)...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 13:20