frequency period and wavelength

... án kĩ thuật thông tin này, em xin trình bày đề tài định tuyến gán bước sóng mạng WDM (Routing and Wavelength Assignment) Đồ án chia thành bốn chương:  Chương 1: Tổng quan hệ thống thông tin quang ... định tuyến phương pháp gán bước sóng mạng WDM 3.2 Giới thiệu định tuyến gán bước sóng (Routing and Wavelength Assignment - RWA) Khi lightpath chọn xác định, lightpath cần định tuyến gán bước sóng ... Định tuyến gán bước sóng sóng cấp phát bước sóng rỗi tuyến liên kết đường Bài toán RWA ( Routing and Wavelength Assignment) chia làm hai phần: định tuyến gán bước sóng 3.4 Định tuyến (Routing) 3.4.1...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... markets over the world (Wood et al (1985); Stoll and Whaley (1990); Lockwood and Linn (1990); McNish and Wood (1990b,a, 1991, 1992); Andersen and Bollerslev (1997)) If there are strong intraday ... statistics and high -frequency data: Testing for changes in intraday volatility patterns Journal of Finance, LVI(1):305–327 Andersen, T G and Bollerslev, T (1997) Intraday seasonality and volatility ... and O’Hara, M (1997) High frequency data in financial markets: Issues and applications Journal of Empirical Finance, 4:73–114 Granger, C W J and Ding, Z (1994) Stylized facts on the temporal and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 00:23

... robust and fragile digital data protection algorithms and (2) time -frequency- based algorithms for data analysis, classification, and compression In the first four papers, different time -frequency- based ... time -frequency analysis has been considered in the paper entitled “Timefrequency-based speech regions characterization and eigenvalue decomposition applied to speech watermarking” by I Orovi´ c and ... create an arbitrary time -frequency mask that is used to shape the time -frequency characteristics of watermark Both watermark embedding and detection are performed in the time -frequency domain This...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... provides good time resolution and poor frequency resolution at higher frequencies, and poor time resolution and good frequency resolution at lower frequencies On the other hand, shapegain vector quantization ... iterations and analyzed, and their derivative values, such as mean, median, and standard deviation, are also calculated and studied An additional feature, such as the central energy, is also defined and ... adaptive time -frequency representations,” Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, vol 38, no 1, pp 2–8, 2000 [4] K Umapathy, Time -frequency modelling of wideband audio and speech signals,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... l)STFT (n, k − l)⎭, (3) where n and k denote discrete time and frequency, respectively, while the rectangular window P(l) is assumed Parameter L determines the frequency window width which is ... stationary and nonstationary blocks in a sequence of frames (box 1-stationary block, box 2-nonstationary block) Video Analysis and Reconstruction Using Time -Frequency Representations and Fast Hermite ... (frames) AC (2, 1) Frequency 10 20 AC (1, 2) Frequency Frequency DC 10 20 30 40 50 60 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time (frames) 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time (frames) (b) Figure 2: Time -frequency representations...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... , i) Condition requires that each frequency offset should be much smaller than 1, and conditions and require that the sum of any two frequency offsets (and the frequency offset estimation results) ... replacing εnr ,i with εnr ,i and Υnr ,nt and wnr ,nt are the residual IAI and AWGN components of rnr ,nt , respectively (When Nt is large enough 1), from the and the frequency offset is not too ... assume that the integer part of the frequency offset has been estimated and corrected, and only the fractional part frequency offset is considered Considering small frequency offsets, the following...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... that the sensing results are OFF) and transmits in both “OFF slots” and “ON slots” Since the SU is periodic, thus the period will affect the energy consumption and the identified result of channel ... behavior of PU and SU under two different access policies System Model and Problem Formulation In this section, we first present the system model and the time behaviors of PU and SU, and then introduce ... sensing results are OFF) and transmits in both “OFF slots” and “ON slots” The optimal allocation of sensing period and transmission time for two access policies are formulated and the closed-form...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... [5, 6] as frequency- domain frequency- invariant beamspace (FD-FIBS) approach and time-domain frequency- invariant beamspace (TD-FIBS) approach, respectively In this paper, new broadband DOA estimation ... hN the filter and hn is a real vector Its corresponding frequency response at frequency f j is Hn ( f j ), and should equal approximately the array weight wn ( f j ) employed at frequency f j ... elements, with a half -wavelength spacing at the center frequency, also chosen as the reference frequency, f0 = 0.3125 (The normalized sampling frequency was 1) The normalized design band [ fL , fU ]...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... IEEE 802.11b Bluetooth 4 Frequency Frequency ×107 3 Time Time (a) (b) Figure 2: Time -frequency transforms of the two standards: (a) Bluetooth, (b) IEEE 802.11b Frequency Frequency Time Time (a) ... fundamental and integrating part of SR and CR because it allows one to support multimode and multiband communications according to SR In general, MI can be blind or assisted [10], and modes can ... relative frequency of classification errors are presented and discussed As a case study, two standards are considered: WLAN 802.11b [16] and Bluetooth [17] The choice of these two standards stems...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... is determined by the number of candidate paths and how they are computed, the order in which paths and wavelengths are listed, and the order in which the path and wavelength lists are accessed ... in a path list Order all wavelengths in a wavelength list Starting with the path and wavelength at the top of the corresponding list, search for a feasible path and wavelength for the requested ... each of the wavelengths at an input port, and can switch it to a particular output port, independent of the other wavelengths An OXC with N input and N output ports capable of handling W wavelengths...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 00:21

... each of the wavelengths at an input port, and can switch it to a particular output port, independent of the other wavelengths An OXC with N input and N output ports capable of handling W wavelengths ... to any other wavelength Limited wavelength conversion [7] denotes that each input wavelength may be converted to any of a specific set of wavelengths, which is not the set of all wavelengths for ... for at least one input wavelength A special case of this is fixed wavelength conversion, where each input wavelength can be converted to exactly one other wavelength If each wavelength is “converted”...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 00:21

... both fairness and overall blocking probability, and has the additional advantage of being easier and less expensive to implement Multicast Routing and Wavelength Assignment In Sections and 3, we ... blocking and fairness) of having full wavelength conversion at each OXC 13 with fixed routing • Wavelength assignment policies also play an important role, especially in terms of fairness The random and ... adaptive scheme that avoids the communication and computational overhead of max-reuse and min-reuse is random wavelength assignment With this scheme, the set of wavelengths that are free on a particular...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 00:21

... in i and j: Fij = α, Fij = β There are two cases to examine: Case X = X : Then λ > and so µ > Choose any j (1 ≤ j ≤ µm) Let Yα and Yβ meet the line Lj at Ljt and Lju , respectively In Γ, Xt and ... times in each row and column of F So F is a frequency square as required Consider another such frequency square F = F (X , Y ), where either X = X or Y = Y We shall show that F and F are orthogonal ... matrix F is a frequency square of type F (n, µ) over an m-set S if each element of S occurs with frequency µ (= n/m) in each row and each column Thus F is a latin square when µ = Two n × n frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:22

... Correction: Frequency, course and correlates of alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood in a Swiss community survey BMC Psychiatry 2010 10:15 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and ... February 2010 References Steinhausen H-C, Eschmann S, Heimgartner A, Winkler Metzke C: Frequency, course and correlates of alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood in a Swiss community ... or color figure charges • Immediate publication on acceptance • Inclusion in PubMed, CAS, Scopus and Google Scholar • Research which is freely available for redistribution Submit your manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... functional and evolutionary constraints [44,45], because longer repeats have higher mutation rates and are, thus, less stable [20,46] Short SSRs are probably generated by random mutations and then expanded ... variation in the frequency of SSR motifs can most likely be attributed to genotypic differences between F6, and NV#20F1-30 and NV#20F1-39 However, because most of the NV#20F1-30 and NV#20F1-39 ... are tandem repeated sequences comprised of mono, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa-nucleotide units [15,16] SSRs are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and can be found both in coding- and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... PN: Lung recruitment and lung volume maintenance: A strategy for improving oxygenation and preventing lung injury during both conventional mechanical ventilation and high -frequency oscillation ... Management of ARDS is complex and still generates more questions than answers Additional laboratory and clinical studies are clearly needed to complete the puzzle and definitively define the best ... with pressure control ventilation, high -frequency oscillation, and intratracheal pulmonary ventilation results in similar gas exchange, hemodynamics, and lung mechanics Anesthesiology 2003, 99:1102-1111...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... measurements on frequency effect, treatment group effect and the interactive effects * p < 0.05 between control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at each frequency; † p < 0.05 between groups across frequency ... Force -frequency relationship and frequency- dependent acceleration of relaxation In control cardiomyocytes, increasing rate of pacing from 0.5 to Hz resulted in a positive cell shortening -frequency ... chamber and field-stimulated with pulses of ms duration at a frequency of 0.5 and Hz As an index of acceleration of relaxation, we calculated time constant of relaxation (tau, τ) at 0.5 Hz and Hz...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... of this comment, and will not be described proved useful in improving global hemodynamic measurements [13] The study by Joulin and colleagues is certainly thought provoking, and will hopefully ... aberration in diastolic cardiomyocyte behavior The force -frequency relationship (that is, heart-rate-dependent increase in cardiomyocyte shortening) and frequency- dependent acceleration of relaxation are ... myocardial dysfunction – both its systolic and diastolic components Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests References Joulin and colleagues, in their experiments,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2008, 2:17 ing practices of schools A recent study from the US used self-reported data and found nearly 11% of 8th graders and over 16% ... vulnerability, and protective factors of psychopathology [5] life events were hypothetically seen as stressors, and various psychosocial variables including coping and self-related cognitions, and features ... disorders including anxiety disorders and depression [6-9] and an even stronger association between truancy and externalizing disorders including antisocial behaviour and substance abuse [10-12] Very...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:21

... highestorder frequency parameter and DOA In the case of LFM signal, and quadrature CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 12 FM signal, the highest-order frequency parameters are frequency rate for LFM signal, and frequency ... time and frequency This method is called time -frequency (TF) analysis, which maps a signal (i.e., a one-dimensional function of time) onto an image (i.e., a two-dimensional function of time and frequency) ... realized and came into this thesis, especially in the areas of higher-order statistics and time -frequency analysis Many thanks also to my co-supervisor, Dr Chew Yong Huat, for his helps and his...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:29