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... Therefore, only the head constraint violation in the target part is accounted for in our prototype 148 where "-OBJ" is a local feature for head VPs in LIISs, while " + O B J " is a local feature for ... following patterns are therefore not allowed: Here, the wildcard "*" stands for an NP by default The preposition "to" and "de" are used to specify that the patterns are for VP pairs, and "to be" ... position i Complete(n) gives the set of possible parses for the input I Now, for every inactive chart associated with a nonterminal symbol X for a span of (i~) (1 ~ i, j

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... film of oil for lubrication Machine tool builders have designed it into their finest and costliest machines Textile mills, rolling mills and rubber factories have applied it to existing machines ... Design Manual for Machine Lubrication Introduction The information given in this manual is presented to enable the user to properly utilize Norgren products in the design of his machine lubrication ... Littleton, CO USA Phone 303-794-2611 www.norgren.com Design Manual for Machine Lubrication Basic Equipment Available for Micro-Fog Lubrication For simplification, the term Bearing-inch will be used throughout...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2013, 15:00

... Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license Jan 24, 2008 http:/ /free electrons.com Free Software tools for embedded systems ... http:/ /free electrons.com 14 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons ... Jan 24, 2008 http:/ /free electrons.com 34 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Various tools Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 00:15

... www.it-ebooks.info Instant Website Optimization for Retina Displays How-to Welcome to Instant Website Optimization for Retina Displays How-to This book covers how to create images for the latest high-definition ... different formats for compatibility with as many browsers as possible Browsers will take whichever font format they are able to display 27 www.it-ebooks.info Instant Website Optimization for Retina ... Instant Website Optimization for Retina Displays How-to Scalable Vector Graphics (Become an expert) Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) are a great solution for creating high-definition images for your website...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... processes required for life, cell -free transcription ⁄ translation systems have been widely used in the development of simple cellular models [25] Indeed, when Cell -free translation for protein engineering ... also been achieved using the Fig A system for protein evolution based on cell -free translation An initial DNA library is used as the template for cell -free translation Following genotype–phenotype ... the system will improve the system as a strong tool for producing proteins Production of biologically active proteins In order for the cell -free translation system to produce biologically active...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... Syntaxbased language models for statistical machine translation MT Summit IX., Intl Assoc for Machine Translation C Chelba and F Jelinek 1998 Exploiting syntactic structure for language modeling The ... client then calls the servers for parameters to perform synchronous multi-stack search for each sentence to get the N -best list parse trees Again, the expected count for a particular parameter ... in the training corpus D For the WORDPREDICTOR and the SEMANTIZER, the number of possible semantic annotation sequences is exponential, we use forward-backward recursive formulas that are similar...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... segmentation for machine translation performance In Proc of the ACL Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pages 224–232 D Chiang 2005 A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine ... 2007 Chinese syntactic reordering for statistical machine translation In Proc of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 737–745 D Wu 1996 A polynomial-time algorithm for statistical machine translation In Proc of ACL ... Radev 2004 A smorgasbord of features for statistical machine translation In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL F Och 2003 Minimum error rate training for statistical machine translation In Proc of ACL K...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... error were 4% for Permutations and 2% for TargetProjective, computed on reference sentences We compare the performance in BLEU of orders selected from both spaces We evaluate the performance on ... 93.57 94.04 94.14 94.34 94.50 Table 2: Performance of the first-pass order models and 30-best oracle performance, followed by performance of re-ranking model for different feature sets Results are ... 34.90 35.28 35.22 35.33 35.37 Table 4: Performance of the first pass order models and 30-best oracle performance, followed by performance of re-ranking model for different feature sets Results are...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... and A Waibel 1997 Decoding algorithm in statistical machine translation In Proc ACL D Wu 1996 A polynomial-time algorithm for statistical machine translation In Proc ACL ... (typically about 0.02) The NULL element ultimately produces spurious French words Next, we perform a word -for- word replacement of English words (including NULL) by French words, according to the table ... are in reality better decodings Fortunately, by using more than one stack, we can eliminate this effect In a multistack decoder, we employ more than one stack to force hypotheses to compete fairly...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... existing tools For stemming we use the TreeTagger (Schmid, 1994) for German and the Snowball stemmer1 for Finnish A variety of ways for compound splitting have been investigated in machine translation ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for language modeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic role labeling (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff translation lexicons for cross-language information retrieval More ... Hwa, 2005) have used backoff models for combining in-domain and 42 out-of-domain data for the purpose of bootstrapping a part-of-speech tagger for Chinese, outperforming standard methods such as...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... the most likely tag for each word is assigned, contextual transformations are used to improve the accuracy We have evaluated the tagger performance on the TEST Data both before and after training ... the semantic frame, are quite straightforward in such a system, and that the flexibility of the semantic frame representation is well suited for multilingual machine translation, it would be more ... Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania } } Summary In this paper we have proposed a technique which maximizes the parsing coverage and minimizes the misparse rate for machine translation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... preparation Word: a form that represents a set of forms differing only in inflection For example, "great" and "greater" are forms of the same word, while "great* and "large" are forms of different ... card for each different form; the number of occurrences of each form is recorded in this process The new sum mary deck is mechanically matched with the old glossary, and new forms are listed for ... Equivalents If the new form is a form of a word in the old glossary, the English equivalents previously used are carried forward If no form of the word has occurred before, the linguist assigns...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Proceedings of the Conference for the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas Phil Blunsom, Trevor Cohn, Chris Dyer, and Miles Osborne 2009 A Gibbs sampler for phrasal synchronous grammar ... are useful for training alignment models (Fraser and Marcu, 2006; Fraser and Marcu, 2007) The ITG grammar formalism, the corresponding word alignment class, and inference procedures for the class ... pruning and beaming Despite these differences, their strong results reinforce our claim that phraselevel information is useful for alignment Experiments We evaluate our extraction set model by the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Semantic Roles (Gimenez and Marquez, 2007) proposed using deeper linguistic information to evaluate MT performance For evaluation in the ACL-07 MT workshop, the authors used the metric which they ... overlaps SR-Or -t for all the different semantic roles t that are found in the system and reference translation sentence A uniform average of the counts is then taken as the score for the sentence ... WordNet synonyms for lsi and the set W Nsyn (lri ) of WordNet synonyms for lri Then,   1, W Nsyn (lsi ) ∩ W Nsyn (lri ) =∅ Syn(lsi , lri ) =  0, otherwise In gathering the set W Nsyn for a word,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... length N for i = 1; i ≤ M; i = i +1 for j = 1; j ≤ N; j = j +1 for k = 1; k ≤ i; k = k +1 for m = 1; m ≤ j; m = m +1 scorei,j,k,m = max{scorei−1,j,k,m ,scorei,j−1,k,m } ; end for end for scorei,j,i,j ... |ref |; for i = 1; i ≤ M; i = i +1 for j = 1; j ≤ N; j = j +1 for k = 1; k ≤ i; k = k +1 for m = 1; m ≤ j; m = m +1 scorei,j,k,m = max{scorei−1,j,k,m , scorei,j−1,k,m }; end for end for if i ... and Daniel Gildea 2005 Syntactic features for evaluation of machine translation In ACL 2005 Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... transfer macro, which takes two descriptions as arguments and performs some additional transfer (Turcato et al., 1997) Descriptions are mainly expressed by macros, introduced by a '©' operator The macro ... content words Only a bilingual lexicon for closed class words and a set of bilingual templates were used Therefore, new bilingual entries were obtained for all the content words (or phrases) ... bag Fig shows, in succint form, the relevant information from the source bag, i.e the bag resulting from parsing the source sentence All the syntactic and semantic information has been omitted...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... out clever mnemonics Assume that fmt is short for “format,” and you can figure out that ffmt is the code for “file format” and dfmt means “data format.” Codes like these are used throughout Core ... Prepare the format AudioStreamBasicDescription asbd; // memset(&asbd, 0, sizeof(asbd)); // asbd.mSampleRate = SAMPLE_RATE; // asbd.mFormatID = kAudioFormatLinearPCM; asbd.mFormatFlags = kAudioFormatFlagIsBigEndian ... E-mail: Mail: trina.macdonald@pearson.com Trina MacDonald Senior Acquisitions Editor, Addison-Wesley Pearson Education, Inc 1249 8th Street Berkeley, CA 94710 USA For more information about our...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... develop and maintain a standard for the representation of texts in digital form • 2000's: As the World Wide Web grows, more data is available for statistical models for Machine Translation and other ... encoding formats that are being used for corpus annotation efforts The web continues to make enough data available to build models for a whole new range of linguistic phenomena Entirely new forms ... provides case studies for four different annotation tasks These tasks are examined in detail to provide context for the reader and help provide a foundation for their own machine learning goals...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... c2 cT CRF training is usually performed through the L-BFGS algorithm (Wallach, 2002) and decoding is performed by the Viterbi algorithm We formalize machine transliteration as a CRF tagging ... perform n-best CRF decoding in the segmentation step and 10 nbest CRF decoding in the second CRF Is it really necessary to perform the second CRF for all the segmentations? The answer is “No” for ... Conference on Machine Learning, pages 282-289 Haizhou Li, Min Zhang and Jian Su 2004 A joint source-channel model for machine transliteration, Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20