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... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it ... Support services Useful if you don't have your  own support resources Long term support commitment,  even for versions considered as  obsolete by the community, but  not by your users! 44 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Commercial toolsets Caution: commercial doesn't mean proprietary! Vendors play fair with the GPL and do make their source code  available to their users, and most of the time, to the community. As long as they distribute the sources to their users, the GPL  doesn't require vendors to share their sources with any third party. No issue with all the GPL sources developed by or with the  community. Graphical toolkits developed by the vendors look proprietary. Their  licenses are not advertised on their websites! You have to be a  customer to know or get a free preview kit to know. 35 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Various tools 34 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Emulators ­ Summary System emulators Useful to experiment with a full system, including the kernel qemu: x86, x86_64, arm, sparc, ppc, mips SkyEye: several arm architectures User emulators Useful to run or debug user space binaries for other CPUs qemu: x86, arm, sparc, ppc, mips 20 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (2) Coldfire Code Sourcery (supports ELF, GNU/Linux and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/coldfire PowerPC Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux and EABI) http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/power.html 49 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Sysgo ­ Koan Software http://sysgo.com ELinOS development toolset, in particular based on Eclipse and the Linux Trace Toolkit. Includes FreeToolBox, a freely  downloadable compiling and rootfs  creating toolchain. Supports i386, arm and ppc. Hard real­time support with their own  microkernel (PikeOS), an approach similar to RTAI. http://koansoftware.com Makers of KaeilOS (http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial  applications. KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm  platforms. Other platforms supported upon  request. Includes several graphical toolkits and  supports hard real­time (RTAI, Xenomai,  preemption patches). Unfortunately, KaeilOS is GPL but not  available for public download. 16 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Standalone toolchain build Building a cross­compiling toolchain by yourself is a difficult and painful task!  Can take days or weeks! Lots of details to learn. Several components to build (building gcc twice: once for gcc + once for compilers that need the C library). Lots of decisions to make (such as C library version and configuration for your platform) Need kernel headers and C library sources Need to be familiar with current gcc issues and patches on your platform Useful to be familiar with building and configuring tools http://www.aleph1.co.uk/armlinux/docs/toolchain/toolchHOWTO.pdf can show you how fun it can be! 21 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchain building utilities Buildroot: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/ Dedicated Makefile to build uClibc based toolchains and even entire root filesystems. Downloads sources and applies patches. Crosstool:  http://www.kegel.com/crosstool/ Dedicated script to build glibc based toolchains Doesn’t support uClibc yet. Downloads sources and applies patches. 26 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Toolchains ­ useful resources eLinux.org toolchain page: http://elinux.org/Tool_Chains 29 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Emulators 8 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 glibc http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ License: LGPL C library from the GNU project Designed for performance, standards compliance and  portability Found on all GNU / Linux host systems Quite big for small embedded systems: about 1.7 MB on  Familiar Linux iPAQs (libc: 1.2 MB, libm: 500 KB) 36 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 chroot Available in all GNU/Linux distributions Usage: chroot <dir> [command] Runs a command or an interactive shell with a special root directory. Standard usage: Internet servers Services executed in chroot jails: even when compromised, the service cannot gain access to the rest of the system. Usage for embedded system development: Develop and test a new root filesystem on the development host. Very easy to use when the host and target have the same CPU instruction set. Used by LFS (Linux From Scratch). Also used by Scratchbox: Qemu makes the usage of target binaries transparent. / bin lib etc http / lib etc bin chroot jail ... ) and can  boot several operating systems (Linux, uClinux, and others) Softgun: http://softgun.sourceforge.net Virtual ARM system with many virtual on­board peripherals.  Boots Linux. SWARM ­ Software ARM ­ arm7 emulator http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mwd24/phd/swarm.html Can run uClinux 13 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 klibc http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/klibc/ “Kernel C library” Tiny and minimalistic C library designed for use in an initramfs at  boot time (alternative to initrds). Fine for the creation of simple shell scripts. Ships with small executables for use in shells, built with klibc, and a klcc compiler to compile your own applications. Not elaborate enough to support BusyBox applications. Useful details in  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klibc 19 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Platform specific toolchains (1) ARM Code Sourcery (supports GNU/Linux, EABI and uClinux): http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/ Also available for Windows workstations. MIPS http://www.linux­mips.org/wiki/Toolchains (useful links) 6 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Training contents (3) Annexes Automatic system generation with BitBake / OpenEmbedded 33 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Other emulators ColdFire emulator http://www.slicer.ca/coldfire/ Can boot uClinux 37 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Minicom (1) Definition: serial communication program Available in all GNU / Linux distributions Capabilities (all through a serial link): Serial console to a remote Unix system File transfer Modem control and dial­up Serial port configuration 50 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Denx Software Engineering http://denx.de Created by Wolfgang Denk, the author of the U­Boot bootloader. Create and support the Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK), a complete and well documented development environment. This kit is not only Free Software, it can be downloaded freely by anyone. A great community member and contributor! 15 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systems GNU / Linux workstation Cross­compiling toolchains 9 Free Software tools for embedded systems © Copyright 2004­2008, Free Electrons Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 license http:/ /free electrons.com Jan 24, 2008 uClibc http://www.uclibc.org/ from CodePoet Consulting License: LGPL Lightweight C library for small embedded systems, with most features  though. The whole Debian Woody was ported to it...

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... strong tool for producing pro- teins. Production of biologically active proteins In order for the cell -free translation system to produce biologically active proteins, additional proteins such ... DNA transformation in cells, and overexpres- sion of the desired protein in cells. Thus, there are limitations associated with using in vivo technology for protein production. Cell -free translation ... use as tools for pro- tein production and engineering. Abbreviations EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; GFP, green fluorescent protein; PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; PURE, protein synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... When discussing music it is often difficult to refer to the concepts of music without using musical language — so I had to find a workaround. I did not intend to teach you musical notation, ... supplements 6 distributed with the book. WHAT IS MUSIC? What is music? If you are going to study music, you will NEED to know its definition. Music is the art of arranging SOUNDS into expressive ... aspects of music mentioned in this definition — the art aspect, the sound aspect, the sequence aspect, and the combination aspect. MUSIC IS AN ART As an art, music is a creative product of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 12:47

... this chord before resolving to the tonic C. (Reversing the II -> I Phrygian progression) For example, in the progression (E -> F) -> C -> G7 -> C, the E chord approaches (“prepares) the ... Classical approach) is also characteristic of Blues, which does the same thing for the Tonic, Dominant, and Sub-Dominant chords/scales. More advanced approaches are used by Jazz and other musicians, ... keys as well; for the major keys, this adds a "Latin American" flavor to the chord progressions. For minor keys, these notes are used primarily as passing notes in a progression. One...

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... algorithms for producing a pleasing time variant image by modulating spirals. These can be described as digital computer programs, providing a much-needed notation for the emerging visual music art form. In ... this difficult problem of achieving a formalism for color when he writes: I confess my own puzzlement despite nearly forty years of color filmmaking . . . . One propounds theories for the use and ... a music program as an interactive control for changes in the music [8]. III. COLOR Universal agreement on a color aesthetic has not yet been reached, nor is there a set of rules correlating music...

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... Brothers. for download. If you are looking for an alternative legal download source, Amazon may just be it. For more information, check out Ryan Dube's Break Free from iTunes with Amazon Music Downloads ... laying your hands on music. Legal Music Downloads Music Stores If you would prefer going the legal and 'just' way, then online music stores are your best bet at downloading music. Here are ... guide also features tips on discovering new music, live performances, and organizing your music. I hope you find The Guidebook for the Online Music Lover informative and useful to expand your knowledge...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 22:07

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Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 10:20

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