fourier series and transforms

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 16:17

... ,.The coefficientsoftheexponentialFourierseriesrepresentedby(1.5b)canbeinterpretedasthespec- tralrepresentationofs(t),becausethea n -thcoefficientrepresentsthecontributionofthe(nω 0 )-th frequencytothetotalsignals(t).Becausethea n arecomplexvalued,theFourierdomainrepresen- c  1999byCRCPressLLC tationhasbothamagnitudeandaphasespectrum.Forexample,themagnitudeofthea n isplotted inFig.1.4forthesawtoothwaveformofFig.1.3.Thefactthatthea n constituteadiscretesetis consistentwiththefactthataperiodicsignalhasa“linespectrum,”i.e.,thespectrumcontainsonly integermultiplesofthefundamentalfrequencyω 0 .Therefore,theequationpairgivenby(1.5a) and( 1.5b)canbeinterpretedasatransformpairthatissimilartotheCTFouriertransformfor periodicsignals.ThisleadstotheobservationthattheclassicalFourierseriescanbeinterpreted asaspecialtransformthatprovidesaone-to-oneinvertiblemappingbetweenthediscrete-spectral domainandtheCTdomain.Thenextsectionshowshowtheperiodicityconstraintcanberemoved toproducethemoregeneralclassicalCTFouriertransform,whichappliesequallywelltoperiodic andaperiodictimedomainwaveforms. FIGURE1.3:PeriodicCTsignalusedinFourierseriesexample. FIGURE1.4:MagnitudeoftheFouriercoefficientsforexampleofFigure1.3. 1.2.2 TheTrigonometricFourierSeries AlthoughFourierseriesexpansionsexistforcomplexperiodicsignals,andFouriertheorycanbe generalizedtothecaseofcomplexsignals,thetheoryandresultsaremoreeasilyexpressedforreal- valuedsignals.Thefollowingdiscussionassumesthatthesignals(t)isreal-valuedforthesakeof simplifyingthediscussion.However,allresultsarevalidforcomplexsignals,althoughthedetailsof thetheorywillbecomesomewhatmorecomplicated. Forreal-valuedsignalss(t),itispossibletomanipulatethecomplexexponentialformoftheFourier seriesintoatrigonometricformthatcontainssin(ω 0 t)andcos(ω 0 t)termswithcorrespondingreal- c  1999byCRCPressLLC theCTFTisappliedtotheCTsamplingmodel,andthepropertieslistedaboveareusedtoproduce thefollowingresult: F{s a (t)}=F  s(t) ∞  n=−∞ δ(t−nT)  = ... TheDiscreteTimeFourierTransform ThediscretetimeFouriertransform(DTFT)canbeobtainedbyusingtheDTsamplingmodeland consideringtherelationshipobtainedin(1.12)tobethedefinitionoftheDTFT.LettingT=1so thatthesamplingperiodisremovedfromtheequationsandthefrequencyvariableisreplacedwith c  1999byCRCPressLLC Jenkins, W.K. Fourier Series, Fourier Transforms, and the DFT” Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton: CRC Press ... ConvergenceoftheFourierSeries TheFourierseriesrepresentationofaperiodicsignalisanapproximationthatexhibitsmeansquared convergencetothetruesignal.Ifs(t)isaperiodicsignalofperiodT,ands  (t)denotestheFourier seriesapproximationofs(t),thens(t)ands  (t)areequalinthemeansquaresenseif MSE=  T/2 −T/2 |s(t)−s(t)  | 2 dt=0...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 03:20

... Trigonometric Series (v. Arts. 7 and 8). DEVELOPMENT IN TRIGONOMETRIC SERIES. 38 25. We see, then, that any function of x which is single-valued, finite, and continuous between x = 0 and x = π, or ... = 2 π π  0 f(α) sin mα.dα; (2) and the series and the function will be identical for all values of x between x = 0 and x = π, not including the values x = 0 and x = π unless the given function is ... that when m = 0, J −m (x) and J m (x) become identical and (5) reduces to z = (A + B)J 0 (x) and contains but a single arbitrary constant and is not the general solution of Fourier s Equation (8)...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... Add the command file exp7.cmd, the functions epx7a.c, fft_a.c,andibit_rev.c, and the header file icomplex.h from the software package into the project. 340 FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM AND ITS APPLICATIONS Table ... ifft(x,N); The characteristics and usage of ifft are the same as those for fft. FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS 321 [2] N. Ahmed and T. Natarajan, Discrete-Time Signals and Systems, Englewood Cliffs, ... of DFT The DFT is important for the analysis of digital signals and the design of DSP systems. Like the Fourier, Laplace, and z -transforms, the DFT has several important properties that enhance...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 05:15

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 12:16

... desktop processor Extreme Edition series, Intel ® Core™ i7-900 desktop series processor, and Intel ® Core™ i7-900 desktop series processor on 32-nm process and LGA1366 socket may contain design ... specifications and before placing your product order. Intel, the Intel logo, Intel, Pentium, Core and Core Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. * Other brands and ... insertion and removal. The max chain contact resistance from Table 4-4 must be met when mated in the 1st and 30th cycles. The socket Pick and Place cover must withstand 15 cycles of insertion and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... Core™ i7-800 and i5-700 Desktop Processor Series and LGA1156 Socket Thermal/Mechanical Specifications and Design Guidelines September 2009 Thermal/Mechanical Specifications and Design Guidelines ... i7-800 and i5-700 Desktop Processor Series 38 6-3 Thermal Solution Performance above TCONTROL for the Intel ® Core™ i7-800 and i5-700 Desktop Processor Series 39 6-4 Supported PECI Command Functions ... i7-800 and i5-700 desktop processor series • The LGA1156 socket and the Independent Loading Mechanism (ILM) and back plate. • The reference design thermal solution (heatsink) for the processors and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... Dirichlet series II, The stable case, Invent. Math. 165 (2006), 325–355. [5] ——— , Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series: The stable twisted case, in Eisenstein Series and Applications (Gan, Kudla and ... multiple Dirichlet series III: Eisenstein series and twisted unstable Ar By B. Brubaker, D. Bump, S. Friedberg, and J. Hoffstein 302 B. BRUBAKER, D. BUMP, S. FRIEDBERG, AND J. HOFFSTEIN We ... [3] and [4] involves a certain amount of bookkeeping, consisting of tracking some Hilbert symbols that occur in the definition of the series and the proof of its functional equation. Eisenstein series...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... products or services and are not intended to function as trademarks. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S and other countries. * Other brands and names may be ... exceed 360 hours per year LGA1366 Socket and ILM Electrical, Mechanical and Environmental Specifications Intel ® Xeon ® Processor C5500/C3500 Series and LGA1366 Socket Thermal/Mechanical Design ... view of the processor land coordinates. The coordinates are referred to throughout the document to identify processor lands. . § Figure 2-5. Processor Land Coordinates and Quadrants, Bottom View Intel ® ...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... earlier courses and programs. Chapter One, the introduction and overview, was extensively revised. Chapters Two and Three, the teamwork chapters were updated and expanded. Chapters Four and Five on ... considerably and now includes several graduate students. The current teaching team includes Brandon Pierce, Connie Kampf, and Lori Engstrom. and they have been wonderful in helping revise the course, and ... Minnesota December, 2002 McGraw-Hill’s BEST Series Basic Engineering Series and Tools DRAFT for Review and Comment Please Do Not Copy or Distribute Teamwork and Project Management 10 Karl A. Smith Tom...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... Ahmed, Boris Kwok Keung Fung*, Wing Yuk Ip, Margaret Fok and Shew Ping Chow Address: Division of Hand and Foot, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong ... defects around the foot and ankle region. We would recommend some measures that we adopted in our cases and which have been advised in the literature to ensure safe flap elevation and improve the venous ... the subcu- taneous tunnel becomes tight and impairs circulation. In our series, in nine out of ten patients the pedicle was passed through an open tunnel and skin grafted. Although skin grafting...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... randomized, con- trolled, multicenter trial. J Rheumatol 2005, 32(10):1928-36. 32. Brandt KD, Block JA, Michalski JP, Moreland LW, Caldwell JR, Lavin PT, the Orthovisc Study Group: Efficacy and ... concomitant HA delivery and arthroscopic debridement for OA of the knee utilizing health related questionnaires (WOMAC and SF-36). Methods and materials This investigation was approved by and performed ... investigating the safety and efficacy of HA injections show that the standard dosing is safe and effective [25,31,32]. Our pilot study results showed at least equivalent efficacy and safety at the six-month...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... example. Figures 1 and 2 show the FFT- based and FrFT-based spectrograms of the vowel with and without inclusion of formants, respectively. Figure 1 shows that the Nth harmonic and its neighbors will ... pages doi:10.1155/2009/304579 Research Article Pitch- and Formant-Based Order Adaptation of the Fractional Fourier Transform and Its Application to Speech Recognition Hui Yin, 1, 2 Climent Nadeu, 1 and Volker Hohmann 1, 3 1 TALP ... distribution, the Radon-Wigner transform, and the Fractional Fourier transform. Fractional Fourier transform, as a new time-frequency analysis tool, is attracting more and more attention in signal processing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... year, operates more than 110 restaurants, and is expanding nationally (Dessler, 2008). Infosys attracts and hires over 24,000 people annually, and is expanding globally. Further, a depleting talent ... on branding have orga- nizations followed to ensure that people sit up and take notice of them? Hiring managers at Intel offer podcasts and host Webinars to explain jobs and opportunities, and ... positive attributes and differentiating themselves in a labor market. Branding influences familiarity and recall ability which in turn positively influence candidate attention and job application...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20

... going to go and work in The Hague and vice versa. So in essence you wind up in a global job market and the standardization [of staffing systems] ensures that you are applying the same standards and using ... done—realistic previews, self-selection, and candidate assessment. Vance and Paik (2006), on the other hand, suggest a psychometric approach, an experiential approach, and a clinical risk assessment approach. But ... organizations such as Merck and the U.S. military have leveraged technology to spot and recruit internal candidates. These organizations use human resources information systems such as SAP and PeopleSoft to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20