formation distribution and biological interactions in the resistance of crop plants

... maximum of kb) The small size of most contigs resulted in the incompleteness of most ORFs identified in this study and, on average, incomplete ORFs were found to encode 60% of the amino acids of their ... Functional importance of O bayeri proteins absent in other microsporidia Perhaps the most intriguing finding of the present study is the identification of 80 O bayeri proteins sharing homology with ... homologs, suggesting that they are ancestral within the lineage and not recently introduced into the O bayeri genome The remaining 689 O bayeri putative ORFs (of at least 200 amino acids) returned...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... studies involves the use of isofemale lines, i.e the progeny derived from a single female inseminated in nature (Parsons and Hosgood, 1967; David, 1979; Wallis et al., 1985) The isofemale line method ... (h and a heritability in a broad sense (H ) ) The confidence interval of this heritability depends on the confidence interval of the intraclass correlation In the present paper, the following ... parameter estimates the average similarity of individuals belonging to the same group (Falconer, 1981), i.e in the present work, individuals belonging to isofemale lines Hoffman and Parsons (1988)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... position 36, preventing the correct formation of the helix hairpin, thereby decreasing fusion activity and infectivity Interestingly, HIV-1 mutants escaping the effects of the fusion inhibitor T-20 ... R5 and X4 HIV-1 targets in co-infected tissue This study highlighted the crucial role of the cytokine/chemokine network in interactions between microbes in the human host Early induction of an ... 2:24 tions" In December 2004, the topic of the first conference was "Viral and Host Determinants of HCV, HCMV and HIV Infections", considering the pathogenesis of these chronic viral infections...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... entry The infectious life cycle of coronavirus is initiated with the binding of S protein to the host cell surface receptors The receptor specificity of S protein is therefore the key determinant ... regulatory domains such as the 5’- and 3’ UTR, and TRS of leader (TRS-L) and each ORF (TRS-B), and this is mediated by protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions comprising of both viral and cellular ... reduces their affinity for PTB led to a corresponding decrease in subgenomic mRNA synthesis [108] Furthermore, the binding of PTB to the strong binding site induces a conformational change in neighboring...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:07

... from the same ancestral pair of interacting proteins and is expected to inherit the structure and function and, thus, interactions of the ancestral proteins Therefore, the basic procedure of the ... interaction-based approach Domains are basic building blocks determining the structure and function of proteins and they play specialized role in mediating the interaction of proteins with other ... superfamily of a host protein and a SCOP superfamily of a pathogen protein are both involved in the same PIBASE(Davis and Sali, 2005) protein structural interface, then the host protein and the pathogen...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:08

... diffuse into channels and cages of a zeolite The pore size is related to the ring size defined as the number of tetrahedral atoms forming the pore In the literature, zeolites with 8-ring, 10-ring, and ... strained unit and does not occur often The synthesis of ITQ-21 is related to the synthetic strategy that the incorporation of germanium helps stabilize the D4R Similarly, during the synthesis of ... even in the absence of the fluoride medium that is generally believed to assist in the formation of D4R units [42] Both ITQ-7 and the polymorph C of zeolite beta contain D4R units and their syntheses...

Ngày tải lên: 23/04/2013, 14:23

... diffuse into channels and cages of a zeolite The pore size is related to the ring size defined as the number of tetrahedral atoms forming the pore In the literature, zeolites with 8-ring, 10-ring, and ... strained unit and does not occur often The synthesis of ITQ-21 is related to the synthetic strategy that the incorporation of germanium helps stabilize the D4R Similarly, during the synthesis of ... even in the absence of the fluoride medium that is generally believed to assist in the formation of D4R units [42] Both ITQ-7 and the polymorph C of zeolite beta contain D4R units and their syntheses...

Ngày tải lên: 23/04/2013, 20:25

... species in covalent bonding nonmetals near the center of the p block tend to use covalent bonding to complete their octets bonding tendency changes across the period for nonmetals from cation and ... nonmetals on right of p block form anions in ionic compounds  often reduced in chemical reactions  making them oxidizing agents • nonmetals on left of p block can form cations and • • electron-deficient ... nanotubes – long, thin, hollow cylinders of atoms • carbon nanotube = sp2 C in fused hexagonal rings  electrical conductors • boron-nitride nanotubes = rings of alternating B and N atoms  isoelectronic...

Ngày tải lên: 28/11/2013, 01:12

... plasma symbol biểu tượng polarize REACTIONS exothermic experiment fizzing freeze indicator interact iron filings liberate liquid mass melt melting point minerals molecular neutral nutrition periodic ... of Education Office of Science Consultants- 11/04 STRUCTURE OF MATTER polymer pressure principle product proton random reactant repeating salt sodium solid steam structure sugar temperature thermometer ... bonding baking soda bubbles basic Celsius (C ) chemical equation boil sôi boiling point độ sôi chemistry bond kết, nối chlorine building blocks khối kiến trúc collide carbon dioxide combine carbonated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 23:20

... possibilities for the binding of ligands on the iron of Fe(porphyrin))13G10 complexes: (A) binding of H2O2 on the iron of 13G10-(Fe(ToCPP), (B) binding of two CN± ligands on the iron of 13G10-(Fe(ToCPP), ... face of the porphyrin and, in the more favorable conformation, H2O2 binds to the iron on the same face of the porphyrin as the catalytic COOH residue, the imidazole binding to the iron on the ... bound to the iron, the steric hindrance due to the substituent could be balanced by a distortion of the porphyrin ring and a shift of the iron atom outside the plane of the porphyrin Binding of imidazole...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... in a plane Measuring the quality of network connections in the internet through metrics results in huge data sets Visualizing this information in graphs becomes both challenging in terms of the ... analyze the thousands of security events generated daily by the IDS After zooming into regions of interest, lines appear and link the pictured incidents to other characteristics of the data set A ... occurring in the respective time interval and the pushing forces of nearby nodes, only an approximation of the actual load situation is given Furthermore, due to the multi-dimensional nature of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... amino acids, and all of them are present in milk protein The type and the order of the amino acids in the protein molecule determine the nature of the protein Any change of amino acids regarding ... part of the κ-casein molecule is called the glycomacro-peptide and is released into the whey in cheesemaking The remaining part of the κ-casein, consisting of amino acids to 105, is insoluble and ... contain casein in the casein salt form or casein in its isoelectric state or both The isoelectric points of the casein components depend on the ions of other kinds present in the solution Theoretical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... indeed the ancestral host of Achryso- chroides Regarding the effect of taxa sampling on the reconstruction of reproductive strategies, although the biology of most species in other parts of the ... feeding on trees of the order Fagales (oaks, birch, alder, etc.) and colonized plants of the order Fabales, Rosales and Sapindales once each (Fig 4) Mapping of plant growth form indicates that the ... 4550.39606) and the ML tree constrained (–ln L ¼ 4618.99673) to have a single origin The large number of changes relative to the number of taxa hinders reconstruction of ancestral states and changes...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... 180° of the ribbon diagram of the minimal energy structure of StnII-Y111N are shown in (C) The orientation of the structures in (A) and (B) is the same as in the left panel of (C) Some interesting ... membranes [16] The loss of interactions involving Arg29 when it is replaced by Gln (Fig 5) would then facilitate the movement of this a-helix and the pore formation following the stage of initial contact ... thus it links together four different loops of the structure (Fig 5) Mutation of this arginine residue by the shorter and neutral glutamine prevents the formation of those contacts and the loops...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... Zn depress the formation of 6.5 7.5 pH Fig Speciation of mM NTMP in the presence of HFO and in the absence and presence of mM Zn and Cu and mM Ca without considering adsorption of the phosphonate ... by increased addition of flocculating agent The resulting particulate precipitation products were stabilized by the dispersing action of the phosphonates and not retained in the sand filter Another ... occurs in oxygen-free suspension of the Mn(III) containing mineral manganite (MnOOH) and with MnOOH in the presence of oxygen [100] EDTMP and DTPMP are also degraded in the presence of Mn(II) and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:07

... cystatin B (C) Zoom -in view of the interactions of papain with loop L4 of chagasin and the N-terminal segment of cystatin B (D) Zoom -in view of the interactions of papain with loop L2 of chagasin and ... of binding and affinity for chagasin of these enzymes On the other hand, in the two crystal forms of the chagasin–cathepsin B complex, the difference is 5°, showing that there is some degree of ... indicating that the chagasin molecule is slanting towards the R domain The angle of approach of cystatin B is )12.7°, and the inhibitor molecule is inclined towards the L domain of the enzyme The difference...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... However, the nature of the photoprotective mechanism has remained elusive Further studies of the functions of GFP-like proteins are necessary for assessing the adaptability of coral ecosystems in times ... indicating the cross-reaction of the serum with rPE (Fig 3B) In contrast, the band of M cavernosa was nonfluorescent, and free diffusion of the fluorescent pigments was visible Free diffusion of ... different colors in coral tissues supports the hypothesis of specialized functions of the colors, although pinpointing them will require additional surveys and experiments The absence of functional...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... α-terpinyl cation limonene Me Me Me CH2 Me O fenchone Me Me Me Me Me camphene Me Me Me 3-carene Me α- and β-pinene Formation of sesquiterpenes (examples) Me Me bisabolene Me Me Me H Me Me cadinene ... Biogenesis of phenols through shikimic acid Biosynthesis of shikimic acid O COO OH + PO PO O OP COO O HO OH OH OH COO HO COO -H2O O OH OH NADPH shikimic acid OH HO OH Biosynthesis of aromatic amino ... phenylalanine COOH OH chorismic acid OH prephenic acid NH2 COOH tyrosine OH An overview of catabolic pathways Metabolism of fatty acids Metabolism of glucose (glycolysis) Conversion of pyruvate...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 20:20

... mixtures, mandating numerous training programs, and initiating other actions, such as OSHA’s Process Safety Management standard, intended to eliminate accidents and incidents And almost all of the personnel ... entered the field of energetic materials in the 1950s and 1960s have now retired and taken with them their years of hands-on, practical knowledge in the preparation of energetic mixtures The International ... location, and the proceedings from these seminars continue to be a great source of information regarding ongoing pyrotechnic research In addition, the International Symposium on Fireworks (ISF) continues...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20