food safety assessment methods in the laboratory toxicological testing methods

... 8:20 AM Food Safety Assessment Methods in the Laboratory: Toxicological Testing Methods Over the years, many tests have been devised to determine the adverse effects of chemicals in living organisms ... results in a straight line The LD50 is obtained by drawing a horizontal line from the NED of zero or a probit of 5, which is the 50% mortality point, to the dose–effect line At the point of intersection, ... 2004 8:06 AM Minerals Gender and Age Species Study Questions and Exercises Recommended Readings Chapter Food Safety Assessment Methods in the Laboratory: Toxicological Testing Methods Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 04:20

... use in foods at levels sufficient to provide solutions with pH values in the range 2.3-2.9 for either a 15 second spraying or 5-8 second dipping In the case of immersion in chilling water, the ... an increase in TBA reactive substances (TBARS) values was observed in the skin after the treatments but not in the muscle that remained unaffected regardless of the treatment The use of ASC in ... concentrations) or disrupting their permeability (at low concentrations) (USDA, 2002a) and then penetrating into the cell and disrupting the protein synthesis At a pH of 8.5, chlorine dioxide was reported...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... (FAO, 2009) Food emergency in the world (FAO, 2009) The role of agriculture in food security • Agriculture products are human food • Agri Products provide materials to another sector • Remains largest ... 2009) Food security The World Food Summit (1996): “When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life” People’s dietary meet and food ... livestock for livelihoods  Half of these 600m livestock keepers live in Asia  Also, many millions off-farm jobs created along the supply chain (trading, processing, retailing)  Between 4-17 off-farm...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2013, 10:35

... about 3% of the weight of the grain, and is rich in protein, as well as containing about 20% of the vitamin b1, 30% of the vitamin b2 and 50% of the niacin of the grain Botanically the aleurone ... amino acids, since they not have to be provided in the diet They are alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, hydroxyproline, proline, ... with the aromatic amino acids amino acids, basic Three of the amino acids, lysine, arginine and histidine, which have basic groups in the side chain amino acids, branched chain Three of the amino...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2013, 13:55

... was installed in a housing at the rear side of the dryer to heat drying air which was guided through the air ducts inside the dryer The burner was equipped with a thermostat to control the drying ... radiation of the products and the heated drying air enhance the drying rate of the products Most air is sucked from the dryer by nine PV-fans at the top of the rear side of the dryer In case of rain and ... pp.383-398 387 2.2 Mathematical modeling The assumptions in developing the mathematical model for the solar greenhouse dryer are i) no stratification of the air inside the dryer, ii) drying computation...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... confusing in defining, memorizing and using them To overcome these, some solutions are introduced in chapter III such as learning by heart, reading books, magazine, stories pictures and studying ... respect of going through in the impression of objective things and the society, etc… These literal meaning of idioms and proverbs in the English - Vietnamese ones and the image meaning are the same ... 2: An investigation into English idioms and proverbs relating to food and their equivalents in Vietnamese 18 I The relationship between food and culture and the appearance of food in English...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:48

... containing stanols that inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from the intestinal tract Bénédictine French liqueur invented about 1510 by the monks of the Benedictine Abbey of Fécamp in France The ... glycine, a source of methyl groups in various reactions, especially the methylation of homocysteine to methionine in tissues other than the brain; an intermediate in the metabolism of choline ... (pickling salts) brining The process of soaking vegetables in brine before pickling in vinegar, in order to remove some of the water, and retain a crisp texture Dry brining is when the vegetables are...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... prothrombin and other calcium-binding proteins involved in blood clotting Its formation requires vitamin k Also occurs in the protein osteocalcin in bone, where it has a function in ensuring the correct ... plasma lipoproteins, assembled in the small intestinal mucosa, and containing mainly triacylglycerol synthesised from the products of intestinal lipid hydrolysis They are absorbed into the lymphatic ... lipoproteins, plasma CHOLESTEROL cholestyramine Ion-exchange resin used to treat hyperlipidaemia by complexing bile salts in the intestinal lumen and increasing their excretion, so increasing the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... sucrose, owing to lack of lactase, maltase or sucrase in the small intestinal mucosa The undigested sugars remain in 157 the intestinal contents, and are fermented by bacteria in the large intestine, ... trapped in these diverticula, making them in amed, causing pain and diarrhoea, the condition of diverticulitis See also gastrointestinal tract djenkolic acid A sulphur-containing amino acid found in ... a holding period and final drying in ambient air; relieves the stresses set up in the grain during the initial drying and reduces its brittleness compared with grain dried by conventional methods...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... and mucus from the intestinal lining, substances excreted into the intestinal tract (mainly in the bile) The average amount is about 100 g/day, but varies widely depending on the intake of dietary ... feeding enteritis In ammation of the mucosal lining of the small intestine, usually resulting from infection Regional enteritis is crohn’s disease enterobiasis Infestation of the large intestine ... endopeptidases in digestion are chymotrypsin, elastase, pepsin and trypsin endosperm The inner part of cereal grains; in wheat it constitutes about 83% of the grain Mainly starch, and the source of semolina...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... flavin The group of compounds containing the iso-alloxazine ring structure, as in riboflavin (vitamin b2); a general term for riboflavin derivatives flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) A coenzyme in ... above the boiling point of water In shallow frying (or contact frying) the food is in direct contact with the hot surface of the pan and heat transfer is mainly by conduction In deep-fat frying, in ... ingestion of food contaminated with poisonous chemicals or containing natural toxins or the toxins produced by micro-organisms in the food See also food poisoning foodborne outbreak The consumption...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... contain nicotinic acid (see niacin), glutathione and other amino acid derivatives Potentiates the action of insulin, but has no activity in the absence of insulin Acts by increasing the protein kinase ... wheat The embryo or sprouting portion of the wheat berry, comprising about 2.5% of the seed Contains 64% of the vitamin B1, 26% of the vitamin B2, 21% of the vitamin B6 and most of the fat of the ... one year in the sea grinding, cryogenic Mixing liquid nitrogen or solid carbon dioxide with food to cool it during grinding griskin chine of pork, also used for a thin piece of loin grissini Italian...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... proteins, including the cytochromes See also protoporphyrin haemagglutinins (hemagglutinins) See lectins haematemesis (hematemesis) Vomiting bright red blood, due to bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal ... hydroxycholecalciferol See vitamin d hydroxylysine Amino acid found only in connective tissue proteins (collagen and elastin); incorporated into the protein as lysine and then hydroxylated in a vitamin C-dependent ... 8.62, 9.67 hydroxyproline Amino acid found mainly in connective tissue proteins (collagen and elastin); incorporated into the protein as proline and then hydroxylated in a vitamin C-dependent reaction;...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... haemoglobin, and the remainder present in myoglobin in muscles, a variety of enzymes and tissue stores Iron is stored in the liver in ferritin, in other tissues in haemosiderin, and in the blood ... secreted by the intestinal glands lining the small intestine It contains a variety of enzymes, including enteropeptidase, the enzyme that converts trypsinogen to active trypsin, aminopeptidase, ... gastrointestinal tract intestine The gastrointestinal tract; the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) where the greater part of digestion and absorption take place, and the large intestine...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... fructose (the main one is inulin) that occur in tubers and some grasses levitin One of the proteins of egg yolk; about 20% of the total, the remainder being vitellin Rich in sulphur, accounting for ... but mostly the shrimp Euphausia superba This is the main food of whales, and some penguins and other seabirds; occurs in shoals in the Antarctic, containing up to 12 kg/m3 Collected in limited ... Fe, Mn, vitamin C, a good source of folate leghaemoglobin Haem-containing protein in the root nodules of leguminous plants that binds O2 for transport within the root, and so permits the growth...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... intervals Richer in protein than the sippy diet The intention is to neutralise the acid in the stomach by the buffering effect of the protein meunière, la Fish dredged with flour, fried in butter and ... measuring compounds such as vitamins and amino acids, using micro-organisms The principle is that the organism is inoculated into a medium containing all the growth factors needed except the one ... marinate 298 marine biotoxins Toxins in shellfish and marine fish, either produced naturally or accumulated by the fish from their diet (includes ciguatera and paralytic shellfish poisoning) marine...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... an increase in the total body pool of nitrogen (protein) In fevers, fasting and wasting diseases (see cachexia) the loss is greater than the intake and the individual is in negative balance; there ... calculating intakes See also niacin equivalents 329 NIACIN niacinamide American name for nicotinamide, see niacin niacin equivalents Nicotinamide can be formed in the body from the amino acid ... exclude the niacin content of cereals from calculations of intake See also niacinogens nib See chocolate nibbler Machine for comminution of dry foods using grating action rather than grinding as in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... permanently See also epigenetics pro-insulin The inactive precursor of insulin, in which the A- and B-chains are joined by the c-peptide; the form in which insulin is stored in pancreatic β-islet cells ... is the parboiling of brown rice, steaming rice in the husk before milling The water-soluble vitamins diffuse from the husk into the grain; 356 when the rice is polished, it contains more of these ... pepsin The enzyme is obtained as the dried latex on the skin of the fruit by scratching it while still on the tree, and collecting the flow The rate of reaction is slow at room temperature, increasing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... vitamin A status The increase in circulating retinol binding protein after an oral dose of vitamin A; greater in vitamin A deficient subjects because in the absence of vitamin A reserves in the ... the jungle in Bahasa-Malay, reflecting the appearance of the fruit ramekin (1) Porcelain or earthenware mould in which a mixture is baked and then brought to the table, or the savoury served in ... refractive index Measure of the bending or refraction of a beam of light on entering a denser medium (the ratio between the sine of the angle of incidence of the ray of light and the sine of the angle...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20