fluid electrolyte and acid base disorders

... deficiency and metabolic acidosis (continued) © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018 A.S Reddi, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60167-0_22 273 274 22  Disorders ... enema) Respiratory acidosis Release from cells Lactic acidosis Phosphate utilization during glycolysis, leading to its depletion and subsequent release from cells Diabetic ketoacidosis Shift of ... the intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment, (2) a decrease in renal excretion of phosphate, and (3) drugs (Table 22.1) In clinical practice, acute and chronic kidney

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 14:07

... Reddi Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders Clinical Evaluation and Management Second Edition 123 Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders Alluru S. Reddi Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders ... Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Like the previous edition, the second edition of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid? ? ?Base Disorders provides a clear and concise understanding of the fundamentals ... NJ, USA Alluru S. Reddi v Contents Part I Physiologic Basis and Management of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders 1 Body Fluid Compartments������������������������������������������������������������������������

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 10:30

... body fluids when less Na and Cl are required Useful for daily maintenance of body fluids Calories: 170, maintenance of body fluids and for treating fluid volume deficits Helpful in rehydration and ... blood components Multiple electrolyte solutions are helpful in replacing previous and concurrent fluid losses Fluid and electrolyte losses that occur from diarrhea, vomiting, and/ or gastric suction ... medications and blood products Sufficient kidney function is necessary while the patient is receiving IV fluids and electrolyte therapy Renal dysfunction may result in fluid overload and electrolyte

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 23:23

... ions and their anions and the lost organic osmolytes (site 4) diverse origin The major organic osmoles that are lost from brain cells are the amino acids glutamine, glutamate, taurine, and myoinositol, ... Hypotonic Lavage Fluid • Input of water and organic solutes, with little or no Na+ ions (e.g., hyponatremia following transurethral resection of the prostate) Generation and Retention of Electrolyte- Free ... such as vincristine and cyclophosphamide (probably via nausea and vomiting) • Pulmonary disorders (e.g., bacterial or viral pneumonia, tuberculosis) • Central nervous system disorders (e.g., encephalitis,

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 19:52

... III ACID- BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES / 127 Chapter 10: Determination of Acid- Base Imbalances / 132 Chapter 11: Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis / 137 Chapter 12: Respiratory Acidosis and ... principles of fluid, electrolyte, and acidbase balances, imbalances, and related disorders is a must-have for all who work in the field! The convenient handbook size enables readers to keep it handy for ... Solutions and Their Administration / 160 Chapter 14: Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) / 178 UNIT V FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID- BASE IMBALANCES IN CLINICAL SITUATIONS / 189 Chapter 15: Fluid Problems

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 19:17

... Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid- Base Balance David B Mount • Mohamed H Sayegh Ajay K Singh Editors Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid- Base Balance ... on acid- free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To my wife and children; Erika, Julia, and Nicholas –DBM Preface Fluid, electrolyte, and acid? ? ?base disorders ... Wiederkehr and Orson W Moe 235 Metabolic Alkalosis F John Gennari 275 10 Respiratory Acid? ? ?Base Disorders Biff F Palmer 297 11 Mixed Acid? ? ?Base Disorders Jeffrey A Kraut and Ira

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 07:17

... 183 Electrolyte abnormalities See Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities management, children Electrolyte and acid- base disorders anion gap acidosis, 350–354 description, 327 hypercalcemia and renal ... 318 high and normal anion gap acidosis, 318 high anion gap acidosis and alkalosis, 318–319 mixed metabolic acid? ? ?base disturbances, 316 more acid? ? ?base disorders, 319 and respiratory alkalosis, 315 ... alkalosis and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, 319 alkalosis and respiratory acidosis, 315 alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis, 316 anion gap and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, 318 high and

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 10:20

... fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base disorders in acid- base regulation, 18 hypercalcemia, 129 hyperkalemia, 76–77, 128 hyperphosphatemia, 129 hypokalemia, 72, 128 hyponatremia, 62, 127 lactic acidosis, ... salicylate-induced acidosis, 48 for uric acid nephrolithiasis, 93 for uric acid nephropathy, 93 Acetoacetate, 47 Acetohydroxamic acid, 101 N-Acetyl-β-(d)glucosaminidase (NAG), 117t Acid- base disorders, ... 50, 51, 51t gastrointestinal origins of, 51t, 52 hypokalemia in, 73 mixed acid- base disorders, 45t in mixed acid- base disorders, 44–45 pathogenesis of, 49 pathophysiology of, 51 renal origins

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 19:30

... Therefore, topics such as acidosis and alkalosis, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and hypercalcemia are covered here These basic topics are useful in all fields of medicine and represent a frequent ... self-assessment section that includes questions and answers to provoke reflection and to provide additional teaching points Renal dysfunction, electrolyte, and acid- base disorders are among the most common ... Function and Electrolytes; (III) Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Renal Failure; (IV) Glomerular and Tubular Disorders; (V) Renal Vascular Disease; (VI) Urinary Tract Infections and Obstruction; and

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 07:29

... To Gloria, Emily, Anne, and Daniel and To C laire, Garrett, and Ian Editors: Rose, Burton David; Post, Theodore W Title: Clinical Physiology of Acid- Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 5th Edition ... this book attempts to integrate the essentials of renal and electrolyte physiology with the common clinical disorders of acid- base and electrolyte balance Its underlying premise is that these ... Runyon, and Jess Mandel for contributing material to selected chapters, particularly 6, 16, 20, and 21 Editors: Rose, Burton David; Post, Theodore W Title: Clinical Physiology of Acid- Base and Electrolyte

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 18:11

... Section 17.1, pp.761-762 Acid and Bases Acid and Bases Acid and Bases Arrhenius (or Classical) Acid- Base Definition • • • • • An acid is a neutral substance that contains hydrogen and dissociates or ... proton acceptor base acid acid base base acid conjugate acid conjugate base 15.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acid- Base Definition An acid is a proton donor, any species which donates a H+ A base is a proton ... accepts a H+ An acid- base reaction can now be viewed from the standpoint of the reactants AND the products An acid reactant will produce a base product and the two will constitute an acid- base conjugate

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:16

... rises slowly again • Any Acid- Base Indicator will – As long as color change occurs between pH and 10 Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base Weak Acid- Strong Base Titrations CH3COOH (aq) ... the acid and then adjusted by the ratio of acid and conjugate base Taking the negative logarithm of both sides: -log[H3 O +] = -log Ka - log [HA] ( ) [A-] Generalizing for any conjugate acid- base ... solution • Salts can produce acidic solutions, basic solutions or neutral solutions Acid- Base Properties of Salts Acid Solutions: Salts derived from a strong acid and a weak base NH4Cl (s) NH4+ (aq)

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:17

... the strongest base (9)Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases • Any acid or base that is ... initial molarity of the acid. Strong Bases Strong Bases (18)Strong Acids and Bases Strong Acids and Bases Strong Bases Strong Bases • Strong bases are strong electrolytes and dissociate completely ... (40 )Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Structure (41 )Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Structure Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Structure Carboxylic Acids

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2021, 01:14

... hemodiafiltration with a low citrate dose regional anticoagulation protocol and a phosphate-containing solution: effects on acid? ? ?base status and phosphate supplementation needs Santo Morabito1*†, Valentina ... adoption of phosphate-containing CRRT solutions The aim was to evaluate the effects on acid? ? ?base status and phosphate supplementation needs of a new RCA protocol for Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration ... in all group A patients (3.4 ± 2.4 g/day) and in only 30% of group B patients (0.5 ± 1.5 g/day) Hypophosphatemia developed in 75% and 30% of group A and group B patients, respectively Serum phosphate

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 09:51

... Therefore, topics such as acidosis and alkalosis, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and hypercalcemia are covered here These basic topics are useful in all fields of medicine and represent a frequent ... self-assessment section that includes questions and answers to provoke reflection and to provide additional teaching points Renal dysfunction, electrolyte, and acid- base disorders are among the most common ... Function and Electrolytes; (III) Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Renal Failure; (IV) Glomerular and Tubular Disorders; (V) Renal Vascular Disease; (VI) Urinary Tract Infections and Obstruction; and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2016, 13:38

... renal acid load and renal net acid excretion in healthy, free-living children and adolescents Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77(5):1255-1260 13 Remer T, Manz F: Potential renal acid load of foods and its ... potential influence as a dietary influence on acid- base balance, the present study was undertaken to systematically evaluate changes in both hydration and acid- base balance following chronic consumption ... influences on markers for acid- base balance and hydration status when consumed under free-living conditions Since most studies evaluating nutritional influences on acid- base status are either large-scale...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... Instant Access: Acid- Base, Fluids, and Electrolytes Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy ... METABOLIC ACIDOSIS DINKAR KAW AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO 171 METABOLIC ALKALOSIS DINKAR KAW AND JOSEPH I SHAPIRO 249 vii viii CONTENTS RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES YOUNGSOOK YOON AND JOSEPH ... BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS TABLE 1–1: Body Fluid Compartments An understanding of body fluid compartments is essential to provide adequate patient care and for appropriate and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... 1-deamino8-D-arginine vasopressin 93 94 DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia are related to cell swelling and shrinking TABLE 3–39: Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia ... peptide, prostaglandins, and endothelin) • Physical properties (mean arterial pressure, peritubular capillary pressure, and renal interstitial pressure) affect handling of Na+ and water Na+ reabsorption ... Amiloride and triamterene can cause nausea and vomiting, rarely a metabolic acidosis and hyponatremia may occur Amiloride promotes glucose intolerance, while triamterene causes megaloblastic anemia and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Figure 6–4 Paradoxical Intracellular Acidosis 248 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS 175 ACID- BASE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY TABLE 6–1: General Principles of Acid- Base Homeostasis Acid- base homeostasis consists of the ... of nonvolatile acids and bases and the ingestion of a normal “Western diet” to maintain acid- base homeostasis the kidney must excrete this acid load The role of the kidney in acid- base homeostasis ... (mixed or complex acid- base disorders) 180 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS TABLE 6–4: Assessing Acid- Base Balance Because of the importance of the bicarbonate buffer system in overall acid- base homeostasis,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Acid- Base Nomogram 304 8–10 Syndromes Commonly Associated with Mixed Acid- Base Disorders 305 8–11 The Importance of the Diagnosis of Mixed Acid- Base Disorders 306 RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE ... significantly increased SAG 304 RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES FIGURE 8–3: Acid- Base Nomogram A second approach to the evaluation of mixed acid- base disturbances involves the use of a ... of compensation and the interpretation of the serum anion gap RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES 305 TABLE 8–10: Syndromes Commonly Associated with Mixed Acid- Base Disorders Hemodynamic...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21