fluid electrolyte and acid base balance

... ICF to ECF due to insulin deficiency and metabolic acidosis (continued) © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018 A.S Reddi, Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-60167-0_22 ... enema) Respiratory acidosis Release from cells Lactic acidosis Phosphate utilization during glycolysis, leading to its depletion and subsequent release from cells Diabetic ketoacidosis Shift of ... the intracellular fluid (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment, (2) a decrease in renal excretion of phosphate, and (3) drugs (Table 22.1) In clinical practice, acute and chronic kidney

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 14:07

... medications and blood products Sufficient kidney function is necessary while the patient is receiving IV fluids and electrolyte therapy Renal dysfunction may result in fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances ... blood components Multiple electrolyte solutions are helpful in replacing previous and concurrent fluid losses Fluid and electrolyte losses that occur from diarrhea, vomiting, and/ or gastric suction ... body fluids when less Na and Cl are required Useful for daily maintenance of body fluids Calories: 170, maintenance of body fluids and for treating fluid volume deficits Helpful in rehydration and

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 23:23

... ions and their anions and the lost organic osmolytes (site 4) diverse origin The major organic osmoles that are lost from brain cells are the amino acids glutamine, glutamate, taurine, and myoinositol, ... Hypotonic Lavage Fluid • Input of water and organic solutes, with little or no Na+ ions (e.g., hyponatremia following transurethral resection of the prostate) Generation and Retention of Electrolyte- Free ... (7 lb) in weight Accordingly, her PNa was measured and it was 125 mmol/L Although she was advised by her physician not to drink any fluids and to go to the hospital immediately, she waited until

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 19:52

... Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid- Base Balance David B Mount • Mohamed H Sayegh Ajay K Singh Editors Core Concepts in the Disorders of Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid- Base Balance Editors ... Printed on acid- free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To my wife and children; Erika, Julia, and Nicholas –DBM Preface Fluid, electrolyte, and acid? ? ?base ... Arohan R Subramanya and David H Ellison 171 Renal Acidification Mechanisms I David Weiner, Jill W Verlander, and Charles S Wingo 203 Core Concepts and Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis Michael

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 07:17

... 183 Electrolyte abnormalities See Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities management, children Electrolyte and acid- base disorders anion gap acidosis, 350–354 description, 327 hypercalcemia and renal ... alkalosis and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, 319 alkalosis and respiratory acidosis, 315 alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis, 316 anion gap and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, 318 high and ... 318 high and normal anion gap acidosis, 318 high anion gap acidosis and alkalosis, 318–319 mixed metabolic acid? ? ?base disturbances, 316 more acid? ? ?base disorders, 319 and respiratory alkalosis, 315

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 10:20

... Reddi Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders Clinical Evaluation and Management Second Edition 123 Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders Alluru S. Reddi Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base ... Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Like the previous edition, the second edition of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid? ? ?Base Disorders provides a clear and concise understanding of the fundamentals ... NJ, USA Alluru S. Reddi v Contents Part I Physiologic Basis and Management of Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Disorders 1 Body Fluid Compartments������������������������������������������������������������������������

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 10:30

... UNIT V FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID- BASE IMBALANCES IN CLINICAL SITUATIONS / 189 Chapter 15: Fluid Problems in Infants and Children / 190 Chapter 16: Older Adults with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances ... Calcium Imbalances / 89 Chapter 8: Magnesium Imbalances / 105 Chapter 9: Phosphorus Imbalances / 116 UNIT III ACID- BASE BALANCE AND IMBALANCES / 127 Chapter 10: Determination of Acid- Base Imbalances ... principles of fluid, electrolyte, and acidbase balances, imbalances, and related disorders is a must-have for all who work in the field! The convenient handbook size enables readers to keep it handy for

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 19:17

... Acid- Base Balance Acid- Base Balance Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Proper physiological functioning depends on a very tight balance between the concentrations of acids and bases in the blood Acid- balance ... acid Na2H2PO4 − and sodium chloride, NaCl When Na2HPO24 − (the weak acid) comes into contact with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the weak acid reverts back to the weak base and ... water Acids and bases are still present, but they hold onto the ions HCl + Na2HPO4 → NaH2PO4 + NaCl (strong acid) + (weak base) → (weak acid) + (salt) NaOH + NaH2PO4 → Na2HPO4 + H2O (strong base)

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2017, 15:23

... fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base disorders in acid- base regulation, 18 hypercalcemia, 129 hyperkalemia, 76–77, 128 hyperphosphatemia, 129 hypokalemia, 72, 128 hyponatremia, 62, 127 lactic acidosis, ... salicylate-induced acidosis, 48 for uric acid nephrolithiasis, 93 for uric acid nephropathy, 93 Acetoacetate, 47 Acetohydroxamic acid, 101 N-Acetyl-β-(d)glucosaminidase (NAG), 117t Acid- base disorders, ... hypovolemia, 60 for lactic acidosis, 47 for metabolic acidosis, 46 for renal tubular acidosis, 202 for salicylate intoxication, 48 for uremic acidosis, 49 for uric acid lithiasis, 100 Bicarbonaturia,

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 19:30

... Therefore, topics such as acidosis and alkalosis, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and hypercalcemia are covered here These basic topics are useful in all fields of medicine and represent a frequent ... Function and Electrolytes; (III) Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Renal Failure; (IV) Glomerular and Tubular Disorders; (V) Renal Vascular Disease; (VI) Urinary Tract Infections and Obstruction; and ... self-assessment section that includes questions and answers to provoke reflection and to provide additional teaching points Renal dysfunction, electrolyte, and acid- base disorders are among the most common

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 07:29

... DEDICATION To Gloria, Emily, Anne, and Daniel and To C laire, Garrett, and Ian Editors: Rose, Burton David; Post, Theodore W Title: Clinical Physiology of Acid- Base and Electrolyte Disorders, 5th Edition ... book attempts to integrate the essentials of renal and electrolyte physiology with the common clinical disorders of acid- base and electrolyte balance Its underlying premise is that these clinical ... Runyon, and Jess Mandel for contributing material to selected chapters, particularly 6, 16, 20, and 21 Editors: Rose, Burton David; Post, Theodore W Title: Clinical Physiology of Acid- Base and Electrolyte

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 18:11

... Section 17.1, pp.761-762 Acid and Bases Acid and Bases Acid and Bases Arrhenius (or Classical) Acid- Base Definition • • • • • An acid is a neutral substance that contains hydrogen and dissociates or ... proton acceptor base acid acid base base acid conjugate acid conjugate base 15.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acid- Base Definition An acid is a proton donor, any species which donates a H+ A base is a proton ... accepts a H+ An acid- base reaction can now be viewed from the standpoint of the reactants AND the products An acid reactant will produce a base product and the two will constitute an acid- base conjugate

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:16

... rises slowly again • Any Acid- Base Indicator will – As long as color change occurs between pH and 10 Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base Weak Acid- Strong Base Titrations CH3COOH (aq) ... the acid and then adjusted by the ratio of acid and conjugate base Taking the negative logarithm of both sides: -log[H3 O +] = -log Ka - log [HA] ( ) [A-] Generalizing for any conjugate acid- base ... solution • Salts can produce acidic solutions, basic solutions or neutral solutions Acid- Base Properties of Salts Acid Solutions: Salts derived from a strong acid and a weak base NH4Cl (s) NH4+ (aq)

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2018, 15:17

... the strongest base (9)Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases • Any acid or base that is ... initial molarity of the acid. Strong Bases Strong Bases (18)Strong Acids and Bases Strong Acids and Bases Strong Bases Strong Bases • Strong bases are strong electrolytes and dissociate completely ... (40 )Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Structure (41 )Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Structure Acid- Base Behavior and Chemical Structure Carboxylic Acids

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2021, 01:14

... acid- base balance using surrogate markers of urine and blood pH [9,10] It is possible that the regular consumption of AK bottled water could have a similar influence on markers of acid- base balance, ... influence as a dietary influence on acid- base balance, the present study was undertaken to systematically evaluate changes in both hydration and acid- base balance following chronic consumption ... influences on markers for acid- base balance and hydration status when consumed under free-living conditions Since most studies evaluating nutritional influences on acid- base status are either large-scale...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... Acid- Base abnormalities  Metabolic Acidosis  Metabolic Alkalosis  Respiratory Acidosis  Respiratory Alkalosis Mechanisms of acid- base balance Respiratory system ... Titrable acids (HPO4) Excretion of organic acids Buffers Ca, Hb, PP bones Ammonium (NH4) Metabolic Acidosis  Definition:  Primary decrease in serum HCO3  Decreased pH  Accumulation of acids ... plasma AG=Na - (Cl + HCO3) Normal AG= 10-12 mEq/L Causes of ↑AG metabolic acidosis: “Accumulation of acids” lactic acidosis Ketoacidosis - diabetic, alcoholic, starvation Toxins - ethylene glycol,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 05:21

... Instant Access: Acid- Base, Fluids, and Electrolytes Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy ... BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS TABLE 1–1: Body Fluid Compartments An understanding of body fluid compartments is essential to provide adequate patient care and for appropriate and ... BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS AND INTRAVENOUS FLUID REPLACEMENT ROBERT F REILLY, Jr., AND MARK A PERAZELLA DISORDERS OF SODIUM BALANCE (EDEMA, HYPERTENSION OR HYPOTENSION) ROBERT F REILLY, Jr., AND...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE FIGURE 3–3: Net water loss increases serum osmolality and serum Na؉ concentration, thereby stimulating both thirst and AVP production to return water balance to baseline 89 ... vasopressin 93 94 DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia are related to cell swelling and shrinking TABLE 3–39: Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia Neuromuscular ... peptide, prostaglandins, and endothelin) • Physical properties (mean arterial pressure, peritubular capillary pressure, and renal interstitial pressure) affect handling of Na+ and water Na+ reabsorption...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Figure 6–4 Paradoxical Intracellular Acidosis 248 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS 175 ACID- BASE CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY TABLE 6–1: General Principles of Acid- Base Homeostasis Acid- base homeostasis consists of the ... of nonvolatile acids and bases and the ingestion of a normal “Western diet” to maintain acid- base homeostasis the kidney must excrete this acid load The role of the kidney in acid- base homeostasis ... (mixed or complex acid- base disorders) 180 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS TABLE 6–4: Assessing Acid- Base Balance Because of the importance of the bicarbonate buffer system in overall acid- base homeostasis,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES Figure 8–2 Use of the Anion Gap in Evaluation 303 Figure 8–3 Acid- Base Nomogram 304 8–10 Syndromes Commonly Associated with Mixed Acid- Base Disorders ... significantly increased SAG 304 RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES FIGURE 8–3: Acid- Base Nomogram A second approach to the evaluation of mixed acid- base disturbances involves the use of a ... chronic compensation RESPIRATORY AND MIXED ACID- BASE DISTURBANCES 295 TABLE 8–5 (Continued) As PaCO2 increases and arterial pH decreases, renal acid excretion and bicarbonate retention become...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21