fiber grating devices in high performance optical communications systems

... single carrier systems Moreover, the optical performance monitoring (OPM) methods using analog signal processing and digital signal processing are investigated Thus, in this chapter, the working ... of Optical Transmission System and Optical Performance Monitoring In this chapter, the basic knowledge of optical fiber transmission systems and electrical sampling technique are studied In optical ... and accurate optical impairment compensation In this thesis, several topics of OPM are investigated, including monitoring optical impairments in fiber link and transmitter Firstly, the optical signal...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:17

... refractive index in FBG, it can be divided to uniform fiber Bragg gratings, chirped fiber Bragg gratings, tilted fiber Bragg gratings, and longperiod fiber gratings In a uniform FBG, the period grating ... Process in Highly-Nonlinear Fiber A high- speed optical pulse train has wide applications It can be used as an optical clock, for optical sampling, or to imprint optical data bits Multi-channel optical ... fiber sensor based on nonlinear effect (stimulated Brillouin scattering) are introduced 1.3.1 Optical Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is an optical filter, whose center...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:01

... found performance greater channel throughput, more system varied widely, and began to perform 100% margin and less network downtime incoming inspection to ensure the performance matched its high internal ... the end (in is much higher than Category or 5e, espe- same patch cord is added to a marginal patch cords) versus somewhere in the cially for NEXT and Return Loss For opti- Permanent Link, the ... according to TIA guidelines ance, when they are specifying structured jack is now much better understood, and for patch cord tests (special fixtures and cabling requirements The cable plant is incompatibility...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 19:15

... found performance greater channel throughput, more system varied widely, and began to perform 100% margin and less network downtime incoming inspection to ensure the performance matched its high internal ... the end (in is much higher than Category or 5e, espe- same patch cord is added to a marginal patch cords) versus somewhere in the cially for NEXT and Return Loss For opti- Permanent Link, the ... according to TIA guidelines ance, when they are specifying structured jack is now much better understood, and for patch cord tests (special fixtures and cabling requirements The cable plant is incompatibility...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 21:20

... OCS Optical Circuit Switching OEO Optical- Electrical -Optical OMSI Optical Mini-Slot Interchanger OMSS Optical Mini-Slots Switches OTDS Optical Time-Division Switch OTSI Optical Time-Slot Interchanger ... easy expansion in core networks, and alternate paths to destination nodes Since there is continual increase of fiber bandwidth, increasing the number of wavelengths in each fiber and ineffective ... been carried out in RWA problem The three main routing methods are fixed routing, adaptive routing, and alternate routing Fixed routing is an example of static routing In fixed routing, the route...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... Sept./Oct 1990 [4] C M Boring and K J Porter, “Criteria for approval of mining equipment incorporating on-board switching of high- voltage circuits,” in Proc 9th WVU Int Mining Electrotechnology Conf., ... Park, the M.S degree in mining engineering from the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and the Ph.D degree in mining engineering from The Pennsylvania State University in 1975, 1978, and ... distribution systems in underground coal mines,” U.S Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC, Final Rep for U.S Bureau of Mines Contract HO111465, 1972 [10] B Bridger Jr., High- resistance grounding,” IEEE...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 09:40

... in optical communications systems They cover a number of themes, which include the basic optical communications systems, multiplexing and demultiplexing, traffic engineering, amplifiers and optical ... of optical and wireless optical communication systems, optical amplifiers and networks, optical multiplexing and demultiplexing for optical communication systems, and network traffic engineering ... include in this book In this book, the chapters have been grouped as part according to the following themes: Optical Communications Systems: Part 1, General Concepts; Optical Communications Systems: ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 01:33

... distribution of processing • Minimize CPU utilization Loss Processing • On high BDP networks, the number of lost packets can be very large during a loss event • Access to the loss information may take ... AIMD (Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease) • Fair: max-min fairness • Stable: globally asynchronously stable • But, inefficient and not scalable – In grid networks (with high bandwidth-delay ... RTT bias Efficiency of TCP Gb/s link, 200ms RTT, between Tokyo and Chicago 28 minutes On 10 Gb/s link, 200ms RTT, it will take hours 43 minutes to recover from a single loss TCP’s throughput model:...

Ngày tải lên: 15/01/2014, 15:59

... benefit in year one because it plows the savings into optimizing its operating model, consolidating systems and employing sourcing where appropriate to variabilize its cost base By funding these ... approach to cost cutting Rolling out new products, for example, intrinsically would appear to be a sound business strategy But, particularly in a weak economy, investing in new products may just ... program budget But instead of terminating the commitment at that point, it used the remaining budget plus an additional investment to develop better insight into managing credit risk limits for its...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’10 Wolfgang E Nagel r Dietmar B Kröner Michael M Resch r Editors High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’10 Transactions ... various fitting ranges in terms of varying the starting point τstart , as seen in the inset of Fig Finally, we took the converged values of Δsp (K) and perform the finite size scaling to obtain the ... are drawn in black, Au in orange or purple, Ag in grey, Cl or I in green, S in yellow, P in blue and H in white investigated in contrast to earlier calculations that disregarded the in uence of...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 09:18

... stages In this context, several kinds of pipelining have to be distinguished (i) Cycle pipelining That is, pipelining based on the cycle time of the production process which means pipelining as ... Processing module Camera interface FPGA High- speed input link (from other PMs) GBE High- speed output link (to other PMs) Ring node Memory GBE interface DSP Figure 4: Processing module processing ... of processing (e.g., two identical systems, one for each side of the sheet, considering the print inspection system described in Section 1) 2.2 Pipeline processing For the particular inspection...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... countries in this group get their high ranking because of the proportion of scientists and engineers among their graduates Accessing and investing capital In the aftermath of the subprime financial ... becoming even more attractive destinations for inward investment And some of them (in particular, China, India and South Korea) are becoming significant sources of outward foreign direct investment ... panoply of other financing options open to business Stock markets are growing quickly in size and sophistication in many of the B6 countries as well as in emerging Asian markets such as Singapore and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... business model meets a digitized, increasingly customer-connected value chain Instead of treating new digital efforts as isolated projects, companies have begun working toward a holistic, integrated ... business model Depending on their particular business D model and strategy, some businesses have decided to take one more step toward developing a fully integrated digital business model In this ... thoroughly internalize a highly disruptive technology Large, consumerfacing companies of every kind in consumer products, retail, financial services, healthcare and beyond—are facing a journey...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... through disturbing media, long distance optical fiber communications with ultra -high bit-rate, optical phase locking and coupling systems, and novel optical data storage and processing systems (see ... the BER performance in point-to-point network at attenuation of 10 dB 12 Optical Devices in Communication and Computation Figure Effect of distance to the BER performance in npoint-to-point network ... via a backward reading beam In most experimental studies, certain types of resonance enhancements of induced refractive-index changes are desirable for obtaining higher grating- refraction efficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... as the concrete ring dies, strain gages monitor the steel ring strain In the finite element analysis the strain information was used as input using the assumption of a constrained radial displacement ... for steel, using the command PLASTIC (although the behaviour of the steel ring was proved to be linear) Modeling of the ring test Finite element modeling of the ring specimens using ANSYS software ... average strain information monitored by the strain gages from ring test can apply to input for FEM analysis The restrained ring test using FEM can be used to provide quantitative information...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:21

... 10 High- Performance Computing in Remote Sensing have been directed towards the incorporation of high- performance computing (HPC) models to remote sensing missions In this chapter, ... High- Performance Computing in Remote Sensing is a good example of the computational requirements introduced by remote sensing applications, there are many other remote sensing areas in which high- dimensional ... in detail in this book) However, the extremely high computational requirements already introduced by hyperspectral imaging applications (and the fact that these systems will continue increasing...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... 90 4.6 High- Performance Computing in Remote Sensing Results In this section, we discuss the timing and validation results of the parallel algorithms presented in the last section We begin with ... in Table 4.1 The base code was written in ISO compatible C++ (except the public domain WNNLS routine used in the constrained demixing algorithm, which is written in FORTRAN) All message passing ... 592.9 35.2 0.39 Min Max 374.6 1140.3 2.9 3.0 390.6 1341.4 31.8 39.9 0.05 0.74 94 High- Performance Computing in Remote Sensing many gigabytes in size) ORASIS, like most linear mixing model-based...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... standard tool for high- performance computing in many ongoing and planned remote sensing missions [3, 11] To address the need for cost-effective and innovative algorithms in this emerging new area, ... all incoming training patterns Once the back-propagation learning algorithm is finalized, a classification stage follows, in which each input pixel vector is classified using the weights obtained ... easily obtained by simply partitioning the training pattern data set Each process determines the weight changes for a disjoint subset of the training population, and then changes are combined and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... chapter, which is used to provide input training patterns for the neural network Clustering For each input pattern x, a winning neuron i ∗ is obtained in time t using a similarity criteria based ... LLC 154 High- Performance Computing in Remote Sensing Figure 8.1 MERIS hyperspectral image of the fires that took place in the summer of 2005 in Spain and Portugal expected improvements in the spatial ... words, in spatial-domain partitioning the information of a single pixel in the image would be scattered across several different processing units The selection of a partitioning scheme in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... 184 9.1 High- Performance Computing in Remote Sensing Introduction The concept of distributed computing has been around since the development of networks and many computers could interact The ... application domains include astronomy, physics, biology, engineering, finance, and health care The Open Middleware Infrastructure Institute (OMII-UK) maintains an open-source Web service infrastructure ... (www.ceos.org) is an international coordinating body for civil spaceborne missions for the study of the planet Earth In support of this goal, CEOS maintains a Working Group on Information Systems and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20