faster and smaller n gram language models

... Each node in the tree encodes a word, and paths in the tree correspond to n- grams in the collection. Tries ensure that each n- gram prefix is represented only once, and are very efficient when n- grams ... and Miles Osborne. 2009. Stream- based randomised language models for smt. In Pro- ceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Zhifei Li and Sanjeev Khudanpur. ... Methods in Natural Language Processing. Marcello Federico and Mauro Cettolo. 2007. Efficient handling of n- gram language models for statistical ma- chine translation. In Proceedings of the Second Work- shop...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... new method eliminating most of the gap between Kneser-Ney and those methods. 1 Introduction Statistical language models are potentially useful for any language technology task that produces natural -language ... currently be the best approach when language models based on ordinary counts are desired. References Chen, Stanley F., and Joshua Goodman. 1998. An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language ... Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers, pages 349–352, Suntec, Singapore, 4 August 2009. c 2009 ACL and AFNLP Improved Smoothing for N- gram Language Models Based on Ordinary Counts Robert...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... Compressing trigram language models with Golomb coding. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL 2007. O. Delpratt, N. Rahman, and R. Raman. 2006. Engi- neering the LOUDS succinct tree representation. In Proc. ... 5th International Workshop on Experi- mental Algorithms. M. Federico and M. Cettolo. 2007. Efficient handling of n- gram language models for statistical machine translation. In Proc. of the 2nd Workshop ... Kim, and K. Park. 2005. Ef- ficient implementation of rank and select functions for succinct representation. In Proc. of the 5th Inter- national Workshop on Experimental Algorithms. B. Raj and E....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... from training data to enhance conventional n- gram lan- guage models and extend their ability to capture richer contexts and long-distance dependencies. In particular, we integrate backward n- grams and ... language mod- els in machine translation. In Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing and Computational Natu- ral Language Learning (EMNLP-CoNLL), ... of standard n- gram language models in captur- ing richer contexts and long-distance dependencies that go beyond the scope of forward n- gram win- dows. The two models have been integrated into the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... of Training Corpus Size on Classifier Performance for Natural Language Processing. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Human Language Technology Research. Eugene Charniak and Mark ... impact of language models and loss functions on repair disfluency detection Simon Zwarts and Mark Johnson Centre for Language Technology Macquarie University {simon.zwarts|mark.johnson|}@mq.edu.au Abstract Unrehearsed ... by the noisy-channel model and the external language models. We only include features which occur at least 5 times in our training data. The noisy channel and language model features consist of: 1....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... text and “adult” text. This resulted in 12 LM perplexity features per article based on trigram, bigram and unigram LMs trained on Bri- tannica (adult), Britannica Elementary, CNN (adult) and CNN ... based on the observed frequency in a training corpus and smoothed using modified Kneser-Ney smoothing (Chen and Good- man, 1999). We used the SRI Language Modeling Toolkit (Stolcke, 2002) for language ... language modeling techniques to this task. Si and Callan (2001) conducted prelimi- nary work to classify science web pages using uni- gram models. More recently, Collins-Thompson and Callan manually...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

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Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... proliferation of high-density EEG methods, and interdisciplinary interest in its application as a prognostic, diagnostic, and investigative tool, an understanding of the underpinnings of P300 and N2 00 ... between these data and corpus callosum mass is subject to contention, however. MRI imaging and analysis by Hopper et al. [68] showed no significant connection between gender or handedness and ... proficiency and recall [72]. The decreases in P3 and novelty P3 with increasing age, and indeed a similar attenuation in the MMN, correspond clinically to changes in orienting behavior observed in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:08

... prudence reference reverence transference turbulence consequence indolence patience beneficence preference= ance annoyance cognizance vengeance compliance conveyance ignorance grievance fragrance ... 32 ence abstinence existence innocence diffidence diligence essence indigence negligence obedience occurrence reverence vehemence residence violence reminiscence intelligence presence prominence ... pittance alliance defiance acquaintance deliverance appearance accordance countenance sustenance remittance connivance resistance nuisance utterance variance vigilance maintenance forbearance...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 15:59

... according to their function (e.g. introduction, main part(s), conclusion etc.) and give one content-related keyword for each. 9. Write down the main idea of each paragraph using one sentence only. 10. ... tasks and the concepts behind them certainly doesn't cover all the explanations and all the elements of assistance a student needs when confronted with this 'Standard Reading Exercise' ... reading purpose (cf. also task 6), and b) to focus his/her attention and expectations on a certain direction which narrows the content-range of the decoding decisions in the text-processing to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 07:15

... lifespan of the protein–peptide complex. Conclusion One important finding is the structural flexibility of the NarJ chaperone and its conformational rearrangement upon NarG binding. Examination of ... DSC are in agreement with a conformational change in NarJ upon interaction with both NarG peptides. NarJ ⁄ NarG complex formation is mostly entropy driven and undergoes pH-dependent modulation of ... mechanism behind chaperone-mediated quality control. Experimental Procedures NarJ and NarJT production and purification Overexpression and purification of NarJ carrying a C-terminal hexahistidine...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 14:20