failure mechanisms of npn power transistors 307

... me during the course of this research i TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Table of Contents ii Summary vii List of Symbols x List of Figures xvi List of Tables xxi CHAPTER ... targets 1.5 Failure Mechanisms To understand the penetration and/or perforation process, it is necessary to have a very good idea of the failure patterns of the target Common failure mechanisms ... mentioned failure mechanisms Brittle failures only involve fragmentation and spalling A detail illustration of various 13 Chapter Introduction failure patterns are shown in Figure 1.2 Failure patterns...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:36

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... fragmentation (-fold of control) = absorbance of drug-treated cells/absorbance of control cells Becton Dickinson PowerBlot In this study, we analyzed forty proteins by using the PowerBlot (BD Bioscience ... cell line transfected with Bag-1 Morpho/AS of apoptosis-related proteins using PowerBlot Western array A summary of the PowerBlot-detected expression data of proteins is given in Table Briefly, caspase-3, ... transfection of Bag-1 Morpho/AS to JAR cells did not alter the expression of PTEN after the exposure to hypoxia, which would mean that the expression of PTEN, and also that of Bcl-X, was independent of...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 15:12

... vacuum-UV photolysis of water (H2O-VUV) is still a field of active research compared to other AOPs (Oppenlander and Gliese, 2000) The special requirements of the VUV photolysis of water according ... related to the formation of high local concentration of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and a series of other species (Gonzalez and Braun, 1995) within a photochemical reaction zone of less than 0.1 mm (Heit ... differentiation of the contributions on the decomposition of Re 141 in aqueous solutions by UV direct photolysis, OH generated from the excitement of water, oxygen, and H2O2, respectively Development of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... 22-23 of 2003 The amount of precipitation was 30 mm in total Figure shows the precipitation record of the studied event (Fig 2a) and the record of the river flow rate (solid line, Fig 2b) of the ... measurement, considering of their respective analytical errors A concept of two-component mixing was employed, in which it was assumed that runoff is composed of a mix of two components: one originating ... and by setting C1 and C2 as mentioned above, the fraction of new water evaluated for the main part of the runoff (0000 of Oct 22 to 1600 of Oct 23, 40 h in total) was found to be as shown in Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... some of PAOs can that, the inhibitory effect of nitrite will be reduced Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of anoxic activity of PAOs on reduction of inhibitory effect of ... Cycle Operations of SBRs for Cultivation of the Enriched PAOs - 66 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 6, No.1, 2008 Table - Composition of Synthetic Wastewater Methods of nitrite inhibition ... presence of nitrite was 13 mgP.gVSS-1.h-1 and the % activity of phosphate uptake was 39% On the other hands, in the case of AA with 1.9 mgN/gVSS of initial nitrite concentration, the size of inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... Figure Variation of discharge and binary with two and three pistons of double or single effect out of phase of 90º and 120º 3.2 Positive displacement pumps This engine consists mainly of a chamber ... purpose of covering for the scarcity of energy engines with low power which can be applied in most of the water supply, irrigation or drainage systems It is possible to identify a wide range of application ... degree of flow and binary capacity depends on the size of the rod when compared to the size of the handle There is an advantage in using the largest possible rod and in reducing the length of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... cycle (3) B Power Supply for Alternating Magnetic Field Coil Fig shows the circuit configuration of a proposing power supply for alternating magnetic field coil The power supply consists of a full-bridge ... waveforms of generated current i and capacitor voltage v by the circuit of Fig Gate signals to U and Y of the full-bridge inverter and V and X of the MERS are also shown Gate signals of MERS are ... hand, the capacitor of MERS only stores the energy of one cycle The capacitor of MERS discharges all of its charge and the voltage becomes zero Therefore, the total size of capacitors is reduced...

Ngày tải lên: 15/10/2013, 16:12

... Coal-fired thermal power 2000 Diesel thermal power 2005 Gas thermal power 2010 Hydropower Capacity of power plants: thermal power (coal-fired/diesel/gas) and hydropower Source: EVN Thermal power plants ... power plants in Vietnam Law and legal documents Environmental issues of thermal power plants Environment protection measures for thermal power plants Thermal power plants in Vietnam Thermal power ... 0% 1995 2000 2005 Thermal power 2010 Hydropower Capacity of power plants Source: EVN Law and relevant legal documents • Law on environmental protection, 2005 • National power development plan 2006-2015...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 14:15

... operation, and flexibility In this article, several implementation aspects of digital control of power factor correction (PFC) stage of SMPS are explored 16-bit fixed point DSP, TMS320LF2407, is evaluated ... control of SMPS to meet IEC 1000-3 and IEEE 519 harmonic limits II Analog and Digital Control Traditionally, the implementation of switching power supply has been accomplished by using analog power ... variations, and fewer part counts [2] It also reduces the size of the power supply by containing the complexity of control system within the software Therefore, since digital control is much flexible...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 16:15

... inductive (lagging power factor) Thus, power engineers often refer to capacitors or capacitive loads as sources of reactive power POWER-FACTOR CORRECTION Calculate the value of the capacitor needed ... of 10 A Calculate the Value of C In order to obtain a circuit power factor of 100 percent, the inductive apparent power of the motor and the capacitive apparent power of the capacitor must be equal ... component, no even harmonics, and an infinite number of odd harmonics ANALYSIS OF AN OFFSET WAVE Find the average and rms values of the offset wave of Fig 1.23 Calculation Procedure Calculate the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/12/2013, 22:13

... books of the electric power engineering literature This book by Professor Arieh Shenkman is one of them Today, there are many excellent textbooks dealing with topics in power systems Some of them ... electrical failure of large power systems and outages of big areas Hence, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) has recently paid enormous attention to the importance of power engineering ... many of them not particularly address, nor concentrate on, topics dealing with transient analysis of electrical power systems Many of the fundamental facts concerning the transient behavior of...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 22:30

... important area of discussion in the CEA Power System Reliability Subsection ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT (EPSRA) The basic structure of EPSRA is shown in Figure Electric Power System ... Application of Probability Methods, Power System Engineering Committee, "Bibliography On The Application of Probability Methods in Power System Reliability Evaluation 1971-1977", IEEE Transactions on Power ... number Of days or hours that load will be curtailed The LOEE on the other hand estimates the expected amount of energy curtailed These indices not provide any indication of the number of times...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:36

... generating function of the branches can be obtained, and then the universal generating function of the power system can be computed by (6) and (9) According to (12), the reliability of the power system ... reliability of the power system in this paper, and is compared 97 (1) The reliability of the power system obtained by the traditional system reliability theory is always conservative [5] (2) The power ... bound of the system reliability, the performance of each state is defined as the minimum capacity of each interval, that is: g1 = 5200 , g = 5550 , g3 = 5700 , g = 5850 , V RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:38

... cycle soon followed Transmission Mechanisms of Monetary Policy Traditional Interest-Rate Channels: expansionary monetary policy ir ↓, I ↑, Y↑ The interest rate channel of monetary transmission applies ... price for it relative to the cost of the facilities and equipment they are buying I ↑ because firms can buy a lot of new investment goods with only a small issue of stock The transmission mechanism ... which raises the desire of consumers to hold durable goods or housing, thus ↑ spending on them Expansionary monetary policy Pe ↑, value of financial assets ↑, likelihood of financial distress ↓,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/01/2014, 17:01

... of action of some FP methods We did not state the mechanism of action of any FP methods and thus asked women to express their beliefs independently of their actual choices and independently of ... hypothetical method of FP In further sections women were asked about their knowledge of the mechanism of action of specific FP methods and if doctors or providers should explain the details of how a method ... attitudes for postfertilization effects The purpose of our study was to assess the attitudes about the mechanisms of action of FP in terms of whether these may influence a woman's decision to...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... blocks only after partial unfolding of the a-helix from the body of the b-sheet (Fig 2C) Possible role of domain-swapping in the ‘off-pathway folding’ (OFF) model The OFF model for amyloid formation ... understanding of the importance of different parts of the molecule and their flexibility in the process of amyloid fibril formation often results more from a structural analysis of the amyloid ... (2001) A mathematical model of the kinetics of beta-amyloid fibril growth from the denatured state Biophys J 81, 1805–1822 Powers ET & Powers DL (2008) Mechanisms of protein fibril formation: nucleated...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... Proton ATPasePump Inhibition of acidification of phagosome harbouring Mycobacteria Expression of virulence proteins of PE-PGRS family C O2– Fig Key factors of the survival mechanisms involved in the ... of digested material by exocytosis Fig Detailed structure of a macrophage showing a typical process of phagocytosis Engulfed material A D Phagosome TACO Fusion Lysosome Inhibition of fusion of ... proteins of mycobacteria have a profound influence on its pathogenicity It was found that the disruption of an erp gene of M tuberculosis encoding a secretory protein effects the survival of M tuberculosis...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 15:20

... with an increased risk of T2DM, hypertension and CVD; however, the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of VD remains the subject of intensive investigation ... pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity-induced androgen deficiency and hypogonadism-induced obesity remain the subject of intense investigation Several hypotheses have discussed the relationship of androgen ... organic ED, in which approximately 43% of men with MetS had ED and the severity of ED increased with the components of the MetS [84] Interestingly, the severity of ED was positively associated with...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20