factors that influence toxicity

... study of dietary factors in the alterations of toxicity — a term that was perhaps ahead of its time There are a multitude of dietary factors that can affect toxicity Dietary factors can be associated ... and Toxicity Categories of Toxicity Reversibility of Toxicity Response Hypersensitivity vs Hyposensitivity Study Questions and Exercises Recommended Readings Chapter Factors That Influence Toxicity ... OF TOXICITY When classifying compounds as toxic, extremely toxic, or nontoxic, a practical and useful consideration is where to draw the line in toxicity classification It is apparent that toxicity...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 04:20

... treatments for poultry carcasses concluded that decontamination can constitute a useful element in further reducing the number of pathogens Both opinions stressed that antimicrobial substances shall ... so effective especially in exposed areas of connective tissue that are more heavily contaminated (SCVPH, 2003) It must be emphasised that, in general, decontamination treatments are able to reduce ... However, the Panel notes that chlorine dioxide is a less aggressive oxidant than acidified sodium chlorite and also it is used in lower concentrations Therefore, bearing in mind that the worst-case...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... increased rapidly • Grown in consumption of livestock products per capital has markedly outpaced that of other major food groups • Since 1960s, - Milk: almost double - Meat: more than triple -...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2013, 10:35

... 1999, before the typescript of that edition was completed I hope that in this eighth edition I have done justice to his memory and to the book that was the first of many that he wrote For the vii first ... suggested that the seventh edition should indeed be called ‘Bender’s Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology’ I was proud that my father invited me to join him as a full co-author, so that it ... treating bacteria that are already mutant at an easily detectable locus for reversal of the mutation (e.g a strain of bacteria that cannot grow in the absence of histidine to a form that can so) amines...

Ngày tải lên: 21/08/2013, 13:55

... after drying The values of the colour indices indicate that the colour of solar dried osmotically dehydrated tomato is bright reddish brown while that of sun dried osmotically dehydrated tomato is ... latter half of the day The relative humidity of the air inside the dryers is always lower than that of the ambient air and the lowest relative humidity is in the middle of the day which persists ... between 8:00 and 16:00 Furthermore, the air leaving the dryer has lower relative humidity than that of the ambient air, which indicates the exhaust air from the dryer, still has drying potential...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... each of their constituents This implies that the meaning may be obscure even for native speakers Our belief is that the reason for this semantic darkness is that proverbs get their origin from personal ... whole bunch" as we use it today, means that one person doing wrong can affect a whole group of people It can mean that the person doing wrong can have negative influence on those around him or her, ... mean that one person doing wrong can cause others to be prohibited from doing something for fear that they will wrong as well The Vietnamese often says: "Con sâu làm rầu nồi canh" to express that...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:48

... cost of reducing particle size, based on the diameter of a sieve that allows 80% of the feedstock to pass and that of a sieve that allows 80% of the ground material to pass See also comminution; ... bread, that has been leavened with sourdough (sauerteig), dough that has been left to ferment overnight, and contains a mixture of fermenting micro-organisms, including peptonising bacteria that ... baking dough that has not been leavened with yeast or baking powder matzo is baked to a crisp texture, while pitta and chapattis have a softer texture Aerated bread is made from dough that is prepared...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... growth of tissue Dietary factors may be involved in the initiation of some forms of cancer, and a high-fat diet has been especially implicated There is some evidence that antioxidant nutrients ... secreted in the pancreatic juice that remove amino acids sequentially from the free carboxyl end of a peptide or protein, i.e exopeptidases carcinogen Any compound that is capable of inducing cancer ... for oxidation There is no evidence that it is a dietary essential for human beings, since it can readily be formed from lysine, although there is some evidence that increased intake may enhance...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... control systems 147 DE See dextrose equivalent value debranching enzymes Enzymes that hydrolyse the α-1,6 glycoside bonds that form the branch points in amylopectin Amyloglucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) and ... reduction diets based on the (probably fallacious) concept that the body accumulates large amounts of toxins from food and the environment that must be cleared by a period of fasting detoxication ... compounds to yield less toxic derivatives that are more soluble in water and can be excreted in the urine or bile A wide variety of ‘foreign compounds’ (i.e compounds that are not normal metabolites in...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... esterases Enzymes (EC 3.1.x.x) that hydrolyse esters to yield free acid and alcohol Those that hydrolyse the ester linkages of fats are generally known as lipases, and those that hydrolyse phospholipids ... within a gene that contains information coding for the protein that is retained during the posttranscriptional modification of mRNA See also intron exopeptidases Proteolytic enzymes that hydrolyse ... reserves of fat and protein, resulting in wasting and undernutrition energy conversion factors Various factors are used to calculate the energy yields of foodstuffs: The complete heats of combustion...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... Circulating protein that inhibits adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase, and so inhibits deposition of lipid in adipose tissue fat (1) Chemically, fats (or lipids) are substances that are insoluble ... pro-opiomelanocortin fat, neutral fats that are chemically triacylglycerols (triglycerides) fat, non-saponifiable, saponifiable See saponification fat, polymorphic One that can crystallise in more than ... intended to treat hyperactive children There is little evidence either that these foods are a cause of hyperactivity or that the exclusion diet is beneficial felafel Middle Eastern; deep fried...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 08:17

... change that does not involve latent heat 214 gliadin A prolamin, one of the proteins that make up wheat gluten Allergy to, or intolerance of, gliadin is coeliac disease globins proteins that are ... of the glucosinolates that are thioesters interfere with the metabolism of iodine by the thyroid gland (see thyroid hormones), and hence are goitrogens There is evidence that the various glucosinolates ... GM crops, but highly purified, so that no GM protein or DNA is present (substantial equivalence), were exempt from labelling, but new legislation will require that they be labelled Foods manufactured...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... the concept that carbohydrates and proteins should not be eaten at the same meal, for which there is no scientific basis, originally proposed by William Hay in 1936 It ignores the fact that almost ... high-fructose corn syrup See syrup, fructose high in EU legislation states that for a food label or advertising to bear a claim that it is ‘high in’ a nutrient it must contain 50% more of the claimed ... air that is saturated with water vapour at a given temperature Relative humidity is the degree of saturation: the ratio of water vapour pressure in the atmosphere to water vapour pressure that...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... (usually 50 g) of a carbohydrate food compared with that after an equivalent dose of glucose See also glycaemic index insulin-like growth factors See somatomedins insulinoma insulin-secreting ... technique for separating proteins, etc., by electrophoresis on a support medium that provides a pH gradient, so that each comes to rest at a position determined by its isoelectric point isoelectric ... micro-organisms and many animals and sometimes classified as a vitamin, although there is no evidence that it is a dietary essential for human beings Deficiency causes alopecia in mice and ‘spectacle...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... Keshan disease Cardiomyopathy that is endemic in regions of China where there is severe selenium deficiency, and responds to selenium supplementation, although other factors, including coxsackie ... accordance with traditional Jewish ritual and dietary laws Foods that are not kosher are traife.The only kosher meat is from animals that chew the cud and have cloven hooves, such as cattle, sheep, ... a mass spectrometer as the detection system LD50 An index of acute toxicity (lethal dose 50%); the amount of the substance that kills 50% of the test population of experimental animals when administered...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... storage and is one of the deteriorative processes that take place in stored foods It is accompanied by a loss in nutritional value, since the amino acid that reacts with the sugar is not available ... or more nutrients See also cachexia; obesity; protein–energy malnutrition; vitamin a toxicity; vitamin b6 toxicity) malolactic fermentation The conversion of the malic acid in grape juice (and ... Principles of Population (1798), postulating that any temporary or local improvement in living conditions will increase population faster than the food supply, and that disasters such as war and pestilence,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... branch of science that involves these processes See also enteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition; rectal feeding nutritional claim Any representation that states, suggests or implies that a food has ... Genus of hookworms that are parasitic in the small intestine; the human parasite is N americanus necrosis Death of cells or tissues in an unprogrammed manner, in response to toxicity or ischaemia ... niacin (excluding that in cereals, see niacytin) plus one-sixtieth of the tryptophan niacinogens Name given to protein–niacin complexes found in cereals; see also niacytin niacin toxicity High doses...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... B6, folate, C onion, Egyptian (tree onion) Allium cepa proliform group Type that produces clusters of aerial bulbs that develop shoots to form multi-tiered plant; the aerial bulbs are cropped ... in bone and cartilage that contains γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues formed by a vitamin k-dependent reaction; synthesis regulated by vitamin d 348 osteoclasts Cells that resorb calcified bone ... present especially in spinach, chocolate, rhubarb and nuts The toxicity of rhubarb leaves is due to their high content of oxalic acid Reports that very high intakes of vitamin c (several grams per day)...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20

... confidence that a product will satisfy requirements for quality quality control The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfil requirements for quality quality management That aspect ... A factor that can be measured to indicate the statistical or epidemiological probability of an adverse condition, effect or disease Does not imply that it is a causative factor, nor that reversing ... perforated metal that rotates inside a frame The perforations become larger nearer the bottom, so that there is a graded sieving of the material as it passes down the reel Rubner factors See energy...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 14:20