factors in radiation therapy of tumors

... differentiate in cell types of all three Can differentiate in cell types of all three germ germ lineages lineages Can differentiate in limited cell types depending on the tissue of origin Ability ... source of harm [35,37] Examples of risk factors are the type of stem cells used, their procurement and culturing history, the level of manipulation and site of injection Because of the variety of ... on other intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors (Table 2), such as the site of administration (i.e the local environment of the stem cell in the recipient) and the need for in vitro culturing The...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... taken into consideration as majority of the included patients reporting to have hypothyroidism also received “Thyroxin” This drug results in Page of normalization of the thyroid function in blood ... 30 Gy dose was taken as the point of influencing the development of hypothyroidism, as the median of MeanTotGy was observed to be 31 Gy in both Cases and Controls in the present study Statistics ... median of MeanTotGy (Table 2A and 2B, the latter being 31 Gy in both Cases and Controls), if combining both groups In contrast, in Controls the median VolTotGy was 2.3 times above median VolTotGy in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... (1.25-5.68) respectively Interestingly, an increase in virological response over time after the discontinuation of thymosin could be observed (p=0.02) [40] The doses of thymosin α-1 in this meta-analysis ... completion of therapy, is seen in 74.0% in Group 1, 40.0% in Group and 26.6% in Group (p=0.036) At the end of the study, which is 18 months after the completion of treatment, 71.4% in Group 1, 10.0% in ... Vaccines Intramuscular injection of plasmids encoding HBV antigens is another novel approach to vaccination It can enable the expression of encoded proteins in vivo The DNA vaccines can induce...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:17

... during chondrogenesis and the involvement of transcription factors (henatoxylin and eosin-stained section of an embryonic cartilaginous limb) of the development of neural crest derivates, including ... factor AP-2 involved in DNA binding J Mol Biol 301, 807–816 Wankhade S, Yu Y, Weinberg J, Tainsky MA & Kannan P (2000) Characterization of the activation domains of AP-2 family transcription factors ... the interaction of AP-2 and its binding partners in cartilage However, at least CBP ⁄ p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail and protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 are expressed in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Risk of fracture after single fraction image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy to spinal metastases Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical ... positioning at the time of delivering stereotactic body radiotherapy is crucial Image-guided respiratory-gated radiation therapy has been a major advancement in minimizing inter- and intra- fractional ... breathing motion and patient positioning We examined the association of the magnitude of the changes in the pancreatic tumor breathing motion in 50% and 80% inhale and exhale with the amplitude of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 23:20

... number of bond indices, or intercepts tested, K is the number of risk factors in the asset pricing model, µ is a column vector of mean returns of the risk factors, Ω is the unbiased estimate of the ... relevant for assessment of corporate finance decisions in terms of measuring the cost of capital and pricing of new bond issuances Finally, our sample indices represent the underlying benchmarks for ... number of bond indices, or intercepts tested, K is the number of risk factors in the asset pricing model, µ is a column vector of mean returns of the risk factors, Ω is the unbiased estimate of the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 06:21

... levels in SF may represent an increase in the presence of attractin Certainly, analysis of serum reveals an increase in attractin in RA patients with erosive disease, which is not observed in individuals ... continuous influx into the inflamed synovium, maintaining the inflammatory state This will lead to a continuous activation of synovial fibroblast seprase expression, a process further maintained ... upregulation and sustained signal following activation supports a role for CD26 in maintaining and regulating stimulation Although crosslinking of CD26 with CD3 leads to increased activation and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... Primary malignant tumors of the small bowel are rare These are mainly adenocarcinomas followed in decreasing order by carcinoid tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, melanomas, ... of adenocarcinoma of the small bowel over the last decade in an effort to determine the factors influencing the long-term survival The median follow up of patients was 7.9 years ranging from 0.6 ... neoplasm of small intestine [23] Localization of intermittent-bleeding small bowel tumors through angiography and tagged-red blood cell radioisotope scan was also helpful in our study Depending on...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:21

... underdosages in the range of up to 10% within a zone of less than ± mm can be neglected Although this error might be increased in principal by connecting two opposing beams (knowing that the machine's ... sparing of the lung while maintaining good sparing of myelon and esophagus, This series is treated to 63,0 Gy; after 45 Gy the elective nodes of the upper mediastinum are withdrawn by setting of ... patients With ongoing practice some 'rules' evolved, breaking some former "taboos" in radiotherapy of lung cancer: Minimizing the dose to the ipsilateral (i.e tumor bearing) lung In many cases the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... dose of 2Gy because the linac handles only integer MU For higher prescription doses as used in clinical practice, even lower weighting of the segments might be worth considering Moving Targets In ... In principle the technique is applicable to moving targets also In this case the PTV margins have to be increased in the cranio-caudal direction, which is the main direction of the movement of ... supplying XVMC including the Elekta Synergy treatment head model References Conclusion The use of forward 2-step intensity modulation in radiotherapy of small lung lesions allows the improvement of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... leads to increasing intracellular stores of GSSG, a potent inhibitor of NF-κB transcription factor DNA binding The pathway leading to the formation of GSH by the action of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase ... Hemorrhage increases cytokine expression in lung mononuclear cells in mice: involvement of cateκ cholamines in nuclear factor-κB regulation and cytokine expression J Clin Invest 1997, 99:1516-1524 Moine ... activation of NF-κB may contribute to the increased expression of multiple cytokines in the lung in the setting of established ARDS [10] Antioxidant treatment in oxidant-induced lung injury has...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... the expression of many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury [26–35] In acute lung injury caused by infection of bacteria, cytokine receptors HIF-1 consists of two subunits: ... therefore be a promising therapy to reduce injury and to improve lung function play a central role in initiating the innate immune system and in activating NF-κB Anti-inflammatory cytokines have the ... NADP, nicotinamide dinucleotide oxidized; NADPH, nicotinamide dinucleotide reduced; PKC, protein kinase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAPK, stress-activated protein kinase DNA binding In hypoxia,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... motivating factors and 13 categories for the demotivating factors Some of demotivating factors were listed such as lack of a sense of control over what one us learning, distrust in the ability of ... process in listening 1.2 Aims of the study The study aims at investigating possible demotivating factors in listening lessons of the 10th grade students at No.1 Lao Cai High School The main purposes ... listening Practically, findings of this study will provide teachers of English at No.1 Lao Cai High School with deep understanding of demotivating factors encountered by their students in listening...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2015, 16:34

... countries, HCC arises in cirrhotic liver mainly because of HCV infection which accounts for 60-70% of the incidences of HCC in Europe, 50-60% in North America and 70% in Japan In contrast, in the less ... DNA, assembly of virions and lastly, the release of viruses into the circulation of the host The initial phase of HBV infection involves the binding of HBV virion to the membrane of the host hepatocyte ... regions thereby resulting in the inhibition of the expression of these mRNAs Binding of ASO to its target mRNA generally leads to the blockage of protein translation In some cases, intracellular RNase...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 12:11

... demotivation including the conceptions of demotivation, demotivating factors in foreign language learning In addition, this chapter also covers the followings: the definitions of reading, the definitions ... background of demotivation 1.1.1 Definitions of demotivation 1.1.2 Demotivating factors in foreign language learning 1.2 Theoretical background of reading and reading comprehension 1.2.1 Definitions of ... been carried out on the issue of demotivation However, the findings are applied in specific teaching and learning contexts Two groups of demotivating factors including internal attributions and external...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2016, 20:05

... Discussion Brain metastases are the most common form intra cranial tumor accounting significantly more than one- half of brain tumors in adults Because of advanced in the diagnoses and management of this ... palliation of brain metastases Final results of the first two studies by the Radiation Therapy Oncology group Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1980, 6:1-9 Vermeulen SS: Whole brain radiotherapy in the ... partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997, 37:745-754 Patchell RA, Regine WF:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... APBI requires minimal shielding and thus has the potential to increase the number of settings in which radiation treatments can be offered In addition, XB is not limited by rigorous radiation source ... seen in consultation by her surgeon and radiation oncologist Radiation treatment options were explained to the patient, including the standard of care, 6– weeks of whole breast radiation therapy, ... radiation oncologist remained in the room during the radiation delivery either wearing lead aprons or standing behind a mobile radiation shield At the completion of the radiation, the balloon and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21

... Yin FF, Marks LB: Assessment of the Residual Error in Soft Tissue Setup in Patients Undergoing Partial Breast Irradiation: Results of a Prospective Study Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Int ... The impact of daily setup variations on head-and-neck intensitymodulated radiation therapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005, 61:779-88 Xing L, Lin Z, Donaldson SS, Le QT, Tate D, Goffinet DR, ... registration of different image modalities is widely used in radiotherapy for delineating the region of interests[27] As the registration algorithms in the commercial treatment planning systems...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23