... foreign countries rather than other regions ofthe same country Indeed, one ofthe characteristics ofthe current wave of globalisation is the possibility to disconnect the creation of knowledge from ... produce the same amount of output as the other region The narrowing ofthe “gap” and therefore the concept of convergence or “catching up” towards the frontier can be computed as illustrated in the ... rural (100) Note: Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of regions in the group For mostly urban regions the patterned part ofthe bar indicates the share of regions that contain (part of) ...
... this section The breach of a policy usually implies an adverse action If there are no adverse ramifications of a breach, then you should review the necessity ofthe policy A breach of this policy ... termination of their contracted services All employees and vendors are bound by these policies and are responsible for their strict enforcement Scope ofthe Policy The scope should explain the policy's ... the policy completely, and confirm that they understand the contents ofthe policy and agree to abide by it Breach of Policy and Enforcement What is considered a breach and the consequences of...
... $ 2.30 per litre of biofuel € 0.33 per litre of biofuel € 0.33 per litre of biofuel Zero tax $ 383 per ton of biofuel $ 40 per litre of biofuel 45 cents per each litre of biofuel in blends containing ... [17], 2005 The government of Nigeria has also recognised the need for subsidies to enhance the development ofthe biofuel industry The Renewable Energy Master Plan ofthe Republic of Nigeria ... amount of money for the development of RETs in general In spite ofthe apparent need for the introduction of subsidies and incentives to boost the production of biofuels SNEP fell short of proposing...
... The Price Stability Goal and the Nominal Anchor • Over the past few decades, policy makers throughout the world have become increasingly aware ofthe social and economic costs of inflation ... Education, Inc All rights reserved Other Goals of Monetary Policy • Five other goals are continually mentioned by central bank officials when they discuss the objectives of monetary policy: – – – – – ... Stability as the Primary, Long-Run Goal of Monetary Policy - Either type of mandate is acceptable as long as it operates to make price stability the primary goal in the long run, but not the short...
... and cost containment functions ofthe division The Chiefs of Compliance, Audits, Health Care Reform and Information Services direct their respective units The rest ofthe support staff in the ... limited in the scope ofservices they can provide under such waivers, as long as they are cost effective and medically necessary Cost effectiveness is determined based on thecostof institutional ... had the option of organizing their program in the form of a new CHIP, expanding Medicaid coverage, or establishing a combination of these two approaches There are options for administration of these...
... in the funds rate target at time t to the close on the day ofthe change ∆R330y,t = change in the 30-year yield from the close on the day ofthe change in the funds rate target at time t to the ... Table 1.17 The total response ofthe 30-year rate over the entire interval, from the day after the previous policy action to the day after the current change, is shown in the bottom row ofthe table ... change in the rate t from the day after the change in the effective funds rate target at time t-1 to the day before the change at time t the funds target at time t to the close on the day ofthe change...
... non-trivial, so the change in the one-month futures rate is used when the target rate change occurs within three days ofthe end ofthe month, which was the case for five ofthe 42 changes in the sample ... spread between the future rate and the Fed funds target on the last day of month s , The sum ofthe two is just the month-s average funds rate target minus the target on the ¯r ¯ last day of month ... more ofthe flavor associated with the VAR literature mentioned earlier, and shifts the focus away from the precise timing ofthe policy actions.11 In addition, the assumption that the dates of...
... package) ofthe Ministry of Economic Affairs ofthe Netherlands is a unique example of this kind of measure: when the entrepreneur reaches the age of 55, he/she receives a letter reminding him/her of ... supported by the members ofthe expert group The diversity of family businesses also affects intergenerational transfers The issue differs according to size ofthe company, the size ofthe family ... Expert Group ‘Effects of tax systems on the retention of earnings and the increase of own equity’, indicates that strengthening the equity base of companies through the retention of earnings is, to...
... with the foundation for our analysis ofthe case for patent-policy change: the theory and objectives ofthe U.S patent system The Utilitarian Purpose ofthe Patent System The Constitution ofthe ... brief overview ofthe strongly propatent orientation ofthe U.S patent system The Propatent Orientation ofthe U.S Patent and Trademark Of ce There is much academic debate over whether the patenting ... be the case either because the country is not a WTO member or because, as in the case of many ofthe least developed countries, their TRIPs obligations have not yet come into force TheOf ce of...
... coordinated at the 26 The vision represents a general image ofthe future of mental health, the type ofservices and their financing The vision needs to motivate the different stakeholders ofthe country ... support for the development of mental health policy This means making the relevant authorities aware ofthe magnitude ofthe burden of mental disorders in their country, the strength ofthe needs ... sector of a large city that is representative ofthe majority ofthe population ofthe country concerned The knowledge that may be gained from a demonstration area is vital for the success of the...
... assessing the costs of providing theservices Sometimes, despite the regular availability of information, neither the post nor the NSB does the requisite cost analysis, and opportunities are neither ... Despite the costs of these products to the treasury, such costs may be outweighed by the volume of low -cost domestic funds mobilized, which are then lent to the government For example, several ofthe ... warranting of protection, the financial viability ofthe postal system itself comes into question, affecting the range ofservices offered, such as the provision of postal savings and other financial services...
... on their own Launched in partnership with the Bank Marketing Association ofthe Philippines, the programme garners the support from 12 ofthe top Filipino banks to enable children older than the ... youth financial services, but require that FSPs seek and obtain the support ofthe Ministry of Education It is also important to ensure that the policies and efforts ofthe Ministry of Education ... members of their households and communities as they make the transition from childhood to adulthood.7 Providing youth with financial services can help them improve their livelihoods and build their...
... to the relatively robust definitions of ALRI, the measurement of exposure in the majority of these studies has relied on proxies, including the type of fuel used, stove type, exposure ofthe ... countries ofthe value of a statistical life Then the result is weighted by the income ratio between the developing country and the country in which the value of a statistical life was estimated These ... Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health ofthe Poor Implications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures 6.4 Estimates of Costs The estimation of costs...
... small or large Then, finding proxies in the data for the level of complementarities and for the relative size ofthe players, one can identify the causality implied by the predictions ofthe model ... thus increasing the amount of outflows in these funds 3.2 Extension: the role of large investors We now extend the model to study the effect ofthe type of investors holding shares in the fund So far, ... signal on the fundamental θ Conditional on θ, the signal ofthe institutional investor is independent ofthe signals ofthe retail investors For simplicity, the amount of noise σ is the same for...
... inherits the RSoP ofthe GPOs from the California site, then the Corp.com domain, and then, last, the Human Resources OU MarksPC MarksPC first accepts the GPOs from the New York site and then the ... highlight the mechanism of how Group Policy works throughout the next three chapters One major design goal ofthe GPMC is to get a Group Policy–centric view ofthe lay ofthe land Compared with the ... has a tether attached around their waist, and an adult guardian is holding the other end ofthe rope Indeed, there could be multiple tethers around a child’s waist, with multiple adults tethered...
... departmental heads Efficiency was to be the hallmark ofthe new HRM system Results did not support the theory The demise ofthe PSC heralded the increased politicization ofthe public service Personal connections ... but the RMS did not eventuate as the guiding force ofthe public sector There were few supporters outside ofthe PMU Many departments did not understand the RMS and saw it as theory devoid of ... delivery of provincial services; forestry management; and the efficiency of financial services, including the privatization ofthe PNGBC, as well as enhancing the operating environment for business The...
... are recent exceptions, although these deal with the effects of expectations of a “macro” bailout rather than the implications ofthe monetary stance Reviews ofthe older literature are in Boot ... observe the bank’s choice of k and set the interest rate they charge on the bank’s liabilities The last two stages are as before in that banks choose the lending interest rate and then the extent of ... − cb2 ∂q q , ∂rL ∂q ∂rL where the last two terms are zero: the first because ofthe linearity ofthe loan demand function, and the second because ofthe envelope theorem This means: ∂Z ∂L (rL...
... liabilities Either due to the perception ofthe credibility ofthe framework or the information content ofthe surveillance procedure, these budgetary institutions should affect the risk component ... addressing some ofthe criticisms and implementation problems ofthe SGP 12 Feb 20 Jun 26 Jun Jul Strengthening ofthe credibility ofthe SGP Discussion on the SGP 26 Jul disappointment about the current ... for the specific regulations ofthe Pact and the decisions taken by the Council varies considerably The main reason for diverging assessments ofthe virtues ofthe Stability and Growth Pact is the...
... sponsors for their contribution to the project This publication was produced with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada The IDRC funded the underlying ... KwaZuluNatal Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs funded the provincial workshop, while the three municipalities provided venues for the workshops The Department of Provincial and ... very supportive of our initiative, and we were honoured by the presence of Nomatyala Hangana, Deputy Minister of Provincial and Local Government, who closed the national workshop Officials in national,...