explain the importance of reliability and validity in a research design

... the average Vmax was 38% higher in Typha than in Cladium and the Vmax of low-P acclimated plants was overall more than three-fold higher than the Vmax of high-P acclimated plants (figure 3a and ... curve (a) as a measure of the affinity for P uptake of Cladium mariscus spp jamaicense and Typha domingensis plants acclimated to low and high P level (5 and 500 μg P l-1) and to aerated and low ... and Cmin, the ion concentration at which there is no net inflow Vmax is a measure of the uptake capacity, and K0.5 as well as the ratio between Vmax and K 0.5 are measures of the affinity of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... worked as a Professor and Head of department in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India He has 14 years of teaching and research experience ... [29] Arash Nemati, Shahram Khalilarya, Samad Jafarmadar, Hassan Khatamnejhad, Vahid Fathi Numerical parametric investigation of a gasoline fuelled partially-premixed compression-ignition engine International ... lateral cylinder wall and the cylinder wall opposite to the pre-chamber at approximately the same time It reveals that the flame started in pre-chamber and then invades a large portion of the main-chamber...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... classical finite and a ne Weyl groups, and certain families which generalize them In all cases where W is a finite or a ne Weyl group, the denominators W (q) occurring in the left-hand side of Theorem ... classical Weyl groups and a ne Weyl groups This section (and the remainder of the paper) is devoted to specializing Theorem to compute generating functions for descents and length in all of the ... terminologies “exp” and “dex” are intended to be suggestive of the fact that in the special cases of interest, expWJ (x; q) will be related to a q-analogue of the exponential function exp(x), and dexWJ...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:20

... conception and design of the study and planning of the work that led to the manuscript, the acquisition, and interpretation of data, and has been involved in drafting and critically revising the manuscript ... planning of the work that led to the manuscript, the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, and has been involved in drafting and critically revising the manuscript for important intellectual ... paper was part of a larger research project entitled 'Investigating the added value of conjoint analysis for the evaluation of barriers and facilitators in implementation studies: the case of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21

... conception and design of the study and planning of the work that led to the manuscript, the acquisition, and interpretation of data, and has been involved in drafting and critically revising the manuscript ... planning of the work that led to the manuscript, the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, and has been involved in drafting and critically revising the manuscript for important intellectual ... paper was part of a larger research project entitled 'Investigating the added value of conjoint analysis for the evaluation of barriers and facilitators in implementation studies: the case of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... analysis, interpretation of the data and manuscript drafting AV has contributed the interpretation of the data and manuscript drafting All authors read and approved the final manuscript Acknowledgements ... interpretation of data and the drafting of the paper THD contributed to the study design, interpretation of the data, drafting and revising the manuscript MV contributed to the statistical analysis, interpretation ... life and mental health The objective of the current paper was to evaluate reliability and validity of the Norwegian translation of the PedsQL™ (version 4.0 generic core scale) in a sample of healthy...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... Permanent hardness results from calcium and magnesium salts of sulfates and chlorides remaining in the water Brewhouse Chemistry Alkalinity in the Brewhouse: Alkalinity is a measure of the buffering ... lower the pH of hard water, and facilitate the reduction of the alkalinity and pH Soft water is better for pale lagers with good hop character If they are brewed in hard water, they end up being ... waters of Dublin are hard, those of Burton on Trent are high in calcium sulphate, and those of Pilsen (the home of clear lagers – are soft waters Water and Taint Water is a common source of Taints...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:20

... of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and validity according to the methods outlined by the IQOLA Project [13] A secondary purpose was to examine the reliability and validity of the ... the study LL performed the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript SS designed, managed and coordinated the study AS participated in the study conduct and manuscript preparation All authors ... supported the hypothesized scale structure of the SF-36 in Thailand and use of the summated ratings algorithm The only scaling assumption not fully satisfied was the lack of equality in the item-scale...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... nature to a data manager which fails to free data, but is easier to detect and prevent • Data manager changes data A malicious data manager may change the value of its data on each cache refresh ... when the data manager relinquishes that memory If the data manager does not process and release the data within an adequate period of time, the data may then be paged out to the default pager In ... when it initiates a cache replacement A data manager may restrict the use of cached data by issuing a pager_data_lock request, specifying the types of access (any combination of read, write, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

... the experience of aesthetic modernity See Paul-Laurent Assoun, The Subject and the Other in Levinas and Lacan’, trans Dianah Jackson and Denise Merkle, in Sarah Harasym (ed.), Levinas and Lacan: ... Levinasian aesthetics is an aesthetics of darkness rather than of light, of materiality as against spirit (or, more accurately, an aesthetics of materiality that is prior to the alternatives of ... power of questioning and transfiguration That is possible insofar as, taking on a tangible quality, it becomes a thing, a body, an incarnate power The real presence and material affirmation of language...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 10:20

... teaching and learning concerning the syntactic and semantic As regard to the use of language in a pedagogical view, advertisements as a genre offer a great number of choices for the features of ... Discourse Advertisements as a genre have their distinctive linguistic features which are manifested in the manipulation of language for the sake of informing and persuading Advertising language has In ... advertising a product also help a manufacturer 3.3 DATA ANALYSIS The data was analyzed qualitatively to seek for information reinforce his/her brand's name and image to the public (5) Aquafina: Pure...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:27

... up against the frosty stars (p.3) - Ma and Mary and Laura ate bread and molasses in the wagon (p.5) - Kansas was an endless flat land covered with tall grass blowing in the wind (p.9) - Pa did ... in which three different kinds of meanings are combined Those are: the Clause as a Message, the Clause as an Exchange and the Clause as a Representation The structure of the Clause as a Message ... the starting point of the utterance or point of departure of the message In many cases (Unmarked), the Theme of a Declarative sentence will be the grammatical Subject, that of the Interrogatives...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 12:59

... Figure during showing period Graph the studythe variation in the monthly average rainfall Graph showing the variation in the monthly average rainfall during the study period 15 16 Alderman BW, Boyko ... throughout the year, except for the monsoon season, where the weather pattern is overwhelmed by heavy rainfall We aim to assess the association of preeclampsia and eclampsia with various weather parameters ... Preeclampsia and eclampsia are major obstetric complications with unclear aetiologies Understanding the exact association with different weather patterns may help us in understanding what factors...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... statistics are alarming and disturbing for the health of the nation The good news is that research has revealed that health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death in the ... National Health Standards National Health Education Standards: Achieving Excellence American Cancer Society; 2007 21 Joint Committee on National Health Standards National Health Education Standards: ... delay the onset of the leading causes of death in our country.30 New evaluation of health education research shows promise of having a positive impact on academic achievement as it has on health...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20

... ASEAN in 1999 and its commitments under other regional trade agreements and the global trading system As of or are being negotiated by ASEAN with China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia and ... 4.1 Cassava 4.1.1 Marketing Chains he cassava trade in Cambodia involves farmers, collectors, traders, factory agents and processing factories As illustrated in Figure 4.1, the cassava marketing ... Source: author’s calculation based on data from cassava farmer survey, 2008 Collectors Collectors are the major agents in the cassava marketing chain They are independent agents of traders and receive...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 04:20

... consumption of stranded individuals—was probably initiated in Scandinavia a thousand years ago, and then further developed by the Basques, who could practice on the whale populations in the Bay of Biscay, ... mammals and humans 58 Where marine mammals obtain their food 59 Marine mammals versus fisheries 60 Overlap between the prey of marine mammals and the catch of fisheries in the North Atlantic in ... where the large mammals learned early to fear and avoid us, the largest were hunted into extinction within a few hundred years of the appearance of humans Thus disappeared the giant kangaroos and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 18:21

... absorbed in the intestinal tract, and reach the colon mainly intact [27] They are therefore bioavailable to the epithelial cells in the intestinal wall, where procyanidins and other phenolics are ... suggest that the galloylation of catechins and the presence of gallocatechin moieties in natural extracts could be important chemical characteristics They may be useful indicators in evaluating the ... Lizarraga et al catechins with some galloylation and mainly polymerized procyanidins [20] In contrast, procyanidin fractions from pine bark extracts not contain gallocatechins or gallates The in uence...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... opposite one another and each of them has a map They cannot see each other’s map because the they are separated by a short barrier One speaker, designated the Instruction Giver, has a route marked on ... with Ag AgC1 electrodes attached to the palmar surface of the second and third fingers of the non dominant hand, and recorded at a rate of 200samples/second Artefacts due to hand movements have ... quality and relevance Repeating instruction: applies the maxims of quantity and manner Question answering y/n + adding info: applies the maxims of quantity, quality and relevance Checking the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... 1980 and 19893, and the rate of increase appears to have accelerated since then.2 Longitudinal data recently obtained on weight change in Australian adults in the 1990s over a five-year period have ... set amount of physical activity II Even in the absence of weight loss, increases in physical activity can improve metabolic health and may protect against certain diseases (diabetes and cardiovascular ... on Australia’s Weight and the subsequent strategy, the need for clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity in Australian adults and children became apparent So, in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... gravelly loam Howland gravelly loam Howland very stony loam Howland very stony loam Machias gravelly loam Machias gravelly loam Machias gravelly loam Madawaska fine sandy loam Madawaska fine sandy ... sandy loam Madawaska fine sandy loam Made land Mapleton shaly silt loam Mapleton shaly silt loam Mapleton shaly silt loam Mixed alluvial land Monarda and Burnham silt loams Monarda and Burnham silt ... locations, as outwash (Madawaska, and Allagash), as icecontact (Stetson), and as till (Mondarda and Burnham) The probability the derivative map’s alluvial classifications are interpreted the same by...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20