experiments on electromagnetic waves

... analytical expressions for the nonlinear absorption of a strong EMW by confined electrons in RQW for two cases of electron-optical phonon scattering and electronacoustic phonon scattering It can ... electron, bq+ ( bq ) is the creation (annihilation) operator of a phonon for a state having wave vector r r r q , Cq is the electron-phonon interaction constants I n ,l ,n′,l ′ ( q ) is the electron ... 115-120 2.1 Electron- optical Phonon Scattering r In this case, ωq ≡ ω0 is the frequency of the optical phonon in the equilibrium state The electronr r optical phonon interaction constants can be...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

... evaluation, since the purely syntactic relationships that have to be annotated are less ambiguous than the distinction between collocations and noncollocational candidates However, the annotation ... Further tests confirmed that the evaluation results depend only minimally on the exact size of the extraction window We have evaluated all six combinations of preprocessing and extraction methods ... precision and recall for all combinations of pre-processing and extraction methods On the hand-corrected tagging, adjacent pairs yield the highest precision, but recall is much better for extraction...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... ESTIMATION OF OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: OF ELECTROMAGN~I~ OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications Leung Tsang, Jin Au Kong, ... equation Waves, and Spherical Waves is (1.4.1) (v2 + k2) q!(r) = The vector electromagnetic wave equation is VXVXF-k2E(T)=0 In this section, we discuss the solutions of these two equations common ... vertical ization, and p polarization polarization, perpendicular (1.1.41) (1.1.42) polarization are TM polarization, parallel polarOther names for horizontal polarization are TE polarization, and s...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:40

... exhibits strong absorption Real dielectric materials exhibit, of course, several such resonant frequencies corresponding to various vibrational modes and polarization types (e.g., electronic, ionic, ... Uniform Plane Waves 2.1 Uniform Plane Waves in Lossless Media The simplest electromagnetic waves are uniform plane waves propagating along some fixed direction, say the z-direction, in a lossless ... polarization, we set A = B and φ = ±π/2 In this case, the polarization ellipse becomes the equation of a circle: Ex A2 + Ey A2 =1 The sense of rotation, in conjunction with the direction of propagation,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:46

... similar on D1 — 3, so a common cluster is justified; but the verbs only have coarse common meaning components, in this case tiiten and unterrichten agree in an action of one person or institution ... distributions in Table demonstrate that —even if noisy— our basic verb descriptions appear reliable with respect to their desired linguistic content In addition, the subcategorisation information on ... Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 680-686, Montreal, Canada Anna Korhonen 2002 Subcategorization Acquisition Ph.D thesis, University of Cambridge,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... Maxwell’s Equations, Lorentz Force, Constitutive Relations, Boundary Conditions, Currents, Fluxes, and Conservation Laws, Charge Conservation, Energy Flux and Energy Conservation, 10 Harmonic Time ... strongly lossy ones by the conditions τ versus τ 1, respectively These conditions depend on the operating frequency ω : σ+ω ω d d versus σ+ω ω d d The expressions (2.6.28) may be simplified considerably ... linear combination of two polarizations along two orthogonal directions.† For waves propagating in the z-direction, ˆ ˆ we may use the two linear directions {x, y}, or the two circular ones for right...

Ngày tải lên: 27/05/2014, 02:43

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 12:40

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 11:34

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 11:36

... equations, the laws of formation of the impulse of electromagnetic radiation in dielectric environment for conditions self-induced transparency were considered in chapter In chapter 9, ultrafast electromagnetic ... chapter 12, observations of low frequency electromagnetic waves where reconnection signatures are well defined as well as those observations where one only speculates about such relationship were summarized ... equation to the eigen Maxwell’s scalar equation, each of which shows the existence of an electromagnetic sub-wave, and its propagation velocity, propagation direction, polarization direction and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... transmission matrix defined on a cylindrical or spherical contour surrounding the considered configuration of objects As the total transmission matrix does not depend on the external excitation, it ... analysis an additional boundary conditions needed to be applied for the side wall of the cavity to obtain resonance frequencies In the resonator case the Sommerfeld’s radiation condition does not need ... As expression (7) consist the infinite sum to use it for numerical calculations inconveniently Essential simplification is reached in case of ξn < Using thus decomposition function in a line...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... How fast can these electromagnetic waves propagate? Where are propagation direction and polarization direction of the electromagnetic waves? What are the space patterns of these waves? Although ... equation of electromagnetic waves in isotropic media, the laws of propagation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic media are not clear to us yet For example, how many electromagnetic waves ... the equations of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic media based on the Maxwell’s equation (Yakhno, 2005, 2006; Cohen, 2002; Haba, 2004), the explicit equations of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... power extraction These resonators commonly use solid-electron-beam which could limit the output power One way to get away this limitation is to use the annular beam as was commonly done in TWTs ... (1986) Application of the singular function expansion to an integral equation for scattering, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol AP-34, No 5, 725, May 1986 Mcdonald, S W.; Finn, ... computing eigenfunctions in slotted gyrotron cavities of arbitrary crosssections, Int J Electronics, Vol 61, No 6, 795, 1986 Pearson, L W Pearson, (1984) A Note on the representation of scattered...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... many conditions 2.3 Calibration The calibration in this measurement includes two steps, one is the transmission line calibration, and the other is the probe calibration 2.3.1 Transmission line ... (23) It can be concluded based on the equation (19) that: Γa = Γm - ed es ( Γm - ed ) + er (24) Equation (24) determines the second step calibration Fig shows the comparison among results before ... dissimilar contraction rates are easy to form gaps around the combining parts of those materials, which, in combination with the transmission of forces, contributes to the formation of the delamination...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... that electrons are emanated mainly to a direction of photon distribution However the done conclusion is also actually based on the formula (2.1) Therefore the drawback of the conclusion [6] is ... relativistic coefficient β on relative speed of photoelectrons β = V c Conclusion The laws of formation of the impulse of electromagnetic radiation in dielectric environment for conditions self-induced ... computational method of Feynman diagrams [13] I is marked that photoelectrons don't take off in the direction of distribution of quantum [14] This conclusion is made on the basis of positions which...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... selection rules show that the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon is the only one allowed because the L valley minimum lies on the edge of the Brillioun zone Because the probability of LO phonon emission ... energy relaxation process of electrons from the L valley to the Γ valley via optical phonon emission At lower temperature, LO phonon emission rate decreases and a longer energy relaxation time is ... by the energy relaxation process of electrons from the L to the Γ valley via successive optical phonon emission Conclusion Ultrafast electromagnetic waves emitted from semiconductors under high...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... professionally study and investigate the detriments of Non-Ionized radiation and its effects on environment, INIRC changed to “International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection” ICNIRP ... electron : Mass of ion : Velocity of electron : Time : Charge of electron : Electric field intensity : Magnetic induction : Electron collision frequency : Electron-ion collision frequency : Electron-neutral ... emissions which were far enough, the only low frequency was considered as main and important subject of EMF to human To set the limitations on all types of EMF Radiations the “International Non-Ionizing...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... reconnection event 30s These enhanced waves included the superposition of many linearly polarized waves Conclusion and discussion The above observation and analyses discussed two reconnection ... range Reconnection sites are not an exception Understanding the role of waves and wave turbulence in the energy conversion, energy transport, and structure formation of the reconnection sites ... dissipation region during magnetic reconnection Hall term in the generalized Ohm’s law brings the dynamics of whistler waves into the fluid equations [1] The only place where a reconnection site...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... absorption coefficient on Ω B in case of confined phonons Fig The dependence of nonlinear absorption coefficient on Ω in case of unconfined phonons 282 Behaviour of Electromagnetic Waves in ... in section Conclusions are given in the section Effect of magnetic field on nonlinear absorption of a strong electromagnetic wave in a quantum well 2.1 The electron distribution function in a ... phonons The problem is considered for the case of electron-optical phonon scattering Analytic expressions of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of a strong electromagnetic wave caused by confined...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... case of confined phonons Fig 14 The dependence of nonlinear absorption coefficient on R and T in case of unconfined phonons Effect of Magnetic Field on Nonlinear Absorption of a Strong Electromagnetic ... electron - optical phonon interaction factor, the Bessel function and the electron distribution function, from the general expression for the nonlinear absorption coefficient of a strong electromagnetic ... Field on Nonlinear Absorption of a Strong Electromagnetic Wave in Low-dimensional Systems 291 From Eq.(26) we see that the electron distribution function depends on the constant in the case of confined...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20