exergy and exergy change of a closed system

... the heat flux of the evaporation section, and qv and Tv are the density and temperature of the vapor, respectively hlv (kJ/kg) is the latent heat of vaporization, and Psat and Pa (kPa) are the ... the absorber plate and glass tube inside wall, and hr,g a and hc,g a are radiation heat transfer coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient between the glass tube outer wall and ambient, ... biomass air gasification in [13] contains pyrolysis and gasification modules and considers the residual tar and char, which were simulated and validated for biomass air gasification preferably Using...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 14:01

... exergoeconomic analysis of the system at each iteration and on several qualitative and quantitative objective criteria, a hierarchical classification of the system components, and the associated subsets of ... Nelder and Mead A global analysis of Tables and reveals an important outcome: the method of Powell systematically leads to the smallest values of the objective function and of the number of simulator ... accounting: Capabilities and drawbacks Energy 2006, 31(1), 164-180 Giannantoni C., Lazzaretto A. , Macor A. , Mirandola A. , Stoppato A. , Tonon S., Ulgiati S Multicriteria approach for the improvement of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... higher than for the MERS case The influence of actual switch characteristics and thermal capability has been investigated An average peak junction temperature of 125°C and 80°C heat sink temperature ... Ryuichi Shimada, Jan A Wiik, Takanori Isobe, Taku Takaku, Noriyuki Iwamuro, Yoshiyuki Uchida, Marta Molinas, and Tore M Undeland A new ac current switch called mers with low on-state voltage igbts ... Relative supply rating 8.4 pu 10.4 pu Rating and loss considerations for large scale system The losses and ratings of a large scale electrical conversion system with MERS solution and with a 2-level...

Ngày tải lên: 15/10/2013, 16:11

... Billinton and Allan ( ) that a three-state (UP, DOWN and one DERATED W N W Figure Three-state generating unit model Adequacy Assessment at Hierarchical Level I Generating capacity adequacy evaluation ... frequency and duration analysis The additional parameters required for such an analysis are the transition rates associated with the appropriate generating unit model The ERIS data base contains all ... Probabilistic Approach", Transactions PWRS-1, No 4, pp 171-178 - 12 Billinton, R., Debnath, K., Oprisan, M and Clark, I M., April 1990, "The Canadian National Data Base for Reliability Evaluation and Assessment",...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:36

... providing a large amount of information about its interaction and ET properties to Fd, Fld and NADP+ [8–11] Three-dimensional structures of Anabaena wild-type (WT) FNR, several of its mutants and of ... have examined these requirements for productive complex formation and ET, by using a heterologous system that consists of cyanobacterial FNR and adrenal bovine Adx Anabaena PCC 7119 FNR contains ... measuring compartment and lM CYP1 1A1 was placed in the second compartment After the samples were made anaerobic, an excess of NADPH was added to the FNR/Adx mixture to allow Adx reduction via...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... J, Zaba B, Changalucha J, Kalluvya S, Urassa M: Barriers to accessing antiretroviral therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: a qualitative study of early rural referrals to the national program AIDS Patient ... cohort in Tanzania XV International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA) Dakar 2008 Roura M, Wringe A, Busza J, Nhandi B, Mbata D, Zaba B, Urassa M: "Just like fever": a qualitative study ... clinical trial of a vaginal microbicide trial in Mwanza, Tanzania: Understanding the barriers to attending CTC services 15th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA), Dakar 2008...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... from the hexagonal model and the inradius circular approach were similar The dependence of the capacity of a WCDMA network on cells sectorization and BS antenna radiation pattern has also been ... numerical evaluation of the proposed model are presented The accuracy of the proposed model and the circular-cell approximation is examined in detail The impact of the BS antenna radiation pattern and ... sectorization and use of narrow beam BS antennas increase Konstantinos B Baltzis significantly the capacity of a cellular system Suggestions on how the technique can be applied to WiMAX systems are...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... concentric bands on a comparatively dark background (figs 4A, B) These bands were paratracheal axial parenchyma of the confluent type In general, band spacing varied gradually, increasing and decreasing ... occurrence of parenchyma bands In this area, parenchyma cells changed from a radially flattened type to a radially dilated type - more precisely from a rather narrow area to a wider area in cross ... also have had repercussions on wood formation, especially the lack of rainfall, as in the wood of Carya glabra where the spacing of tangential parenchyma bands is related to the rate of rainfall...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... mean diameter of axes was measured with a calliper rule: main stems at cm above and below each tier, and different branches at the base a tape A complete set of data was collected for each of the ... described, ie the appearance of axillary shoots and dynamics of branching, as well as radial growth of both main stems and branches In addition, one occurrence of main stem reiteration is described ... favorable À la fin de la grande saison sèche, il n a pas pu être observé de façon aussi manifeste, puisque la croissance caulinaire pouvait être arrêtée pendant ou semaines et que la croissance...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... technique based on standard gas monitoring equipment and an FiO2 step change as little as 0.1 As the calculation of FRC is based on the values of VCO2, end-tidal O2 and end-tidal CO2, all these values ... the analysis of variance resulted in p value < 0.05 (Statistica, Statsoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) Correlations between FRC, static compliance, and PaO2 were evaluated by a Pearson's linear correlation ... (ARDS) after oleic acid injection During ARDS, inspiratory plateau airway pressure was significantly increased at a PEEP of 20 and 15 cm H2O (p < 0.05) Maximal oxygenation was obtained at a PEEP of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... 16) at t2 The Tanzanian and German board of the organization managing the orphanage gave their consent and ethical approval Materials The interview sets were basically identical for both assessments ... Childhood adversity, mental illhealth and aggressive behavior in an African orphanage: Changes in response to trauma-focused therapy and the implementation of a new instructional system Child and Adolescent ... Although many orphanages exist and care for OVC, a detailed evaluation of education and care in orphanages lacks in most cases However, some studies have examined aspects of how orphanages could...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... Hernandez, A. , Feliu, V.: Some approximations of fractional order operators in control theory and applications Fractional Calculus & Applied Analysis 3, 945950 (2000) Appendix A: Sigma-Delta Modulation ... written as linear functions of y and of a nite number of its fractional derivatives Indeed, from the system equations we have: () y + ay , b y () + ay = b av = uav The output variable y may be addressed ... particular case, the variable y fractionally dierentially parameterizes the inputs of the system This means that the average input av as well as the average switch position function, uav , can be...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2015, 09:18

... blocks, a temperature and a pressure control system as well as a data acquisition system A schematic diagram, not drawn to scale, and an actual photograph of the setup is as shown in Figure 3. 2a and ... Chemistry and Interfacial Mechanics of a Phase Change Material on Metal Surfaces PCM Characterization Thermal Resistance Measurement Setup Surface Characterization Interaction of PCM on Metal Surfaces ... implies, TIM is a material sandwiched between a chip and a heat spreader and/ or a heat sink Details of thermal interface materials are discussed in Section 1.2 At first glance, none of the mentioned...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:33

... user a full information for the hardware and software interface The humanoid robot weighs 6kg and stands 48cm tall It has a total of 20 Degree of Freedom (DOF) - DOF each leg and DOF each arm ... operator and the knowledge of the task and make necessary decision Mechanical action - taking the command of the decision making operator and generation of physical actions to be realized in the real ... segments of the human body, by analogy with machines, as ”linkages” As a result, data of human body parts, such as their dimensions and properties, are standardized for ease of research and study Since...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 10:25

... communication systems can easily be adapted for the UWB indoor communication system Other advantages of the multi-bands approach include the highly attractive features of scalability and ease of adapting ... critical advantage of OFDM technology [6] However, OFDM technology does have its disadvantages especially in terms of practical implementation of transceiver As an OFDM signal is basically a superposition ... the preambles, the packet header will be transmitted at a fixed data rate of 53.3 Mbps before the frame payload is transmitted at various data rates The packet header contains data that the receiver...

Ngày tải lên: 28/11/2015, 13:44

... [11] and Channiwala and Parikh [12]; 1/5 of supplied oxygen reacts with carbon contained in biomass to produce CO and CO2, see Mott and Spoone [11] and Channiwala and Parikh [12];  The ratio of ... biomass power system The mathematical models of the downdraft gasifier and of the engine were verified separately against experimental information Table Results of proximate and ultimate analysis of ... biomass (eucalyptus) used in tests Eucalyptus Table Proximate and ultimate analysis of Douglas Fir tree bark Proximate analysis Parameter Volatile material Fixed carbon Ash content Ultimate analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 14:02

... study, a detailed mass balance, energy balance and elemental balance of a biomass gasifier based power generation system was carried out The mass balance analysis was conducted to estimate and understand ... Quantity and calorific value of fuel Quantity and calorific value of producer gas Ultimate and proximate analysis of fuel Gas analysis Gas temperature at various points Air temperature at various ... Elemental balance A detailed elemental balance analysis of the input materials and the output products was carried out for evaluating the performance of the gasifier system Elemental balance analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2016, 09:34

... – Advantages • Can carry up to three times the amount of data as TDMA • Transmissions are much harder to eavesdrop on • A would-be eavesdropper must also know the exact chip in which the transmission ... the signal • Attenuation – A loss of signal strength • Multipath distortion – As a radio signal is transmitted, the electromagnetic waves spread out 24 Signal Strength (continued) 25 Radio Frequency ... the transmission time into several slots – Each user is assigned the entire frequency for the transmission • For a fraction of time on a fixed, rotating basis – Advantages • Uses the bandwidth...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:52

... percentage of unsaturation, maximum heat release rate and peak pressure for karanjia biodiesel Biodiesel of karanjia has a lower percentage of unsaturation and has a higher value of maximum heat ... and exhaust gas temperature was observed in case of high unsaturated biodiesel Heat release rate and cumulative heat release rate is lower in case of high- unsaturated biodiesel fuel A general ... properties and combustion parameters "X" variable % of Unsaturation Density Cetane number Heating value Iodine value "Y" variable Start of dynamic injection bTDC Ignition delay Maximum heat release rate...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... Since India has a large waste land area suitable for Jatropha cultivation, it can supply large volume of biodiesel, in fact, nearly half a dozen states of India have reserve a total of 1.72 million ... using heated distilled water was carried out to remove some unreacted remainder of methanol and catalyst which if not removed can react and damage storing and fuel carrying parts During washing ... Vitoloi S Brassica Carinata as an alternative oil crop for the production of biodiesel in Italy: engine performance and regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions Environmental Science and Technology...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11