excitotoxicity oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

... serine-326 in the protein is flanked by positively charged amino acid residues, lysine and arginine, from N-terminus and arginine and histidine from C-terminus (Bravard et al 2009) Such amino ... Catalase inhibition by amino triazole induces oxidative stress in goldfish brain, Brain Research, Vol 1052, No 2, pp 180-186 8 Oxidative Stress and Diseases Burcham, P.C & Kuhan, Y.T (1996) Introduction ... complex studies, involving many model systems and investigating phenomena from different points of view 14 Oxidative Stress and Diseases Fig Ways leading to oxidative stress Reactive oxygen...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 16:20

... long chain fatty acids (Elovl3), type iodothyronine deiondinase (Dio2), homeobox C9 (Hoxc9), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (Igfbp3), dermatopontin (Dpt), and b-actin are showed in Table ... standard deviation inflammatory response and IR development, were examined in mice As shown in Figure 3, PM 2.5 exposure induced a marked increase in macrophage (F4/80+ cells) infiltration in ... permeation in xylene and paraffin embedding Fivemicrometer-thick sections were deparaffinized and subjected to heat-induced antigen retrieval by incubation in Retrieve-all-1 unmasking solution...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... injury is caused by opening of the mPTP There is evidence that ADP inhibits opening of the mPTP by occupying binding sites located in the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane [39,40] The binding ... mitochondria by H ⁄ R and Ca2+ Brain mitochondria ( 0.5 mg proteinÆmL)1) were incubated at 30 °C under the conditions indicated: –Ca2+, 15 in incubation medium; Ca2+, 15 in incubation medium plus ... in vitro studies on mitochondria allow investigation of the impact of single factors and their interplay, such as Ca2+ and ROS Therefore, we exposed isolated rat brain mitochondria to H ⁄ R and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... was mainly localized in microsomal compartments (ROS) [9] The overexpression of CYP2E1 both in vivo and in vitro is associated with several cellular markers of oxidative stress, including products ... longitudinal sections are shown in (A) (magnification ·20; scale bars = mm) The hemotoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the left ventricle are shown in (B) and Masson’s trichrome stained sections ... MDA, GSH and T-AOC in heart tissue Cardiac tissue from mice at the age of months was fixed in 4% formaldehyde and mounted in paraffin blocks Sections were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin or Masson’s...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... 20 Oxidative stress induces PARP activation PARP activity in D discoideum was assayed at various time points (5, 10, 20 and 60 and h) after HA stress PARP activity was increased initially, and ... significantly inhibited by mm benzamide (Fig 4A,B), confirming PARP activation in D discoideum under oxidative stress PARP inhibition during oxidative stress- induced growth changes in D discoideum ... with larger fruits PARP involvement during oxidative stress- induced developmental changes in D discoideum To determine the role of PARP in oxidative stressinduced developmental changes, D discoideum...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... depletion induced no major changes in cell cycle and in mitochondria aspect and network, and suggest that ADF cells possess alternative mechanisms for providing mitochondria with ATP and maintaining ... rupture and were also negative to propidium iodide staining (data not shown), indicating that the plasma membrane is maintained intact, allowing us to exclude primary necrosis as the principal ... astrocytes and astrocytic tumors It has been reported that ANT1 levels are increased in reactive astrocytes [28] and that ANT2 levels are increased in glial cells and neurons during hypertonicity in...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 09:20

... established in vertebrates [27] Increases in ROS are the consequence of electron transport chain impairments, principally in mitochondria and chloroplasts and can directly and ⁄ or indirectly ... contains highly conserved LS ⁄ THG and QACXG sequences surrounding histine (His255) and cysteine (Cys294) residues of putative active site The substrate binding site is highly conserved and composed ... Apoptosis and oxidative stress in bleaching Ectodermal extracts * Relative antioxidant activity 3.0 Gastrodermal extracts suggested, such as inhibitor of apoptosis protein and heat shock proteins [47,48]...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... organism to particle-induced oxidative stress The observed increase of reducing species in urine would mirror an increased level in blood originating from a response to oxidative stress in the body monitored ... μmol/mol creatinine for 1-OHP, μg/g creatinine for 8OHdG, and μW/g creatinine for the reduced species Horizontal line in the box plot indicates the median, with 25 and 75% of the values being inside ... mechanism against oxidative stress [7] was verified by testing the correlation between levels of 8OHdG, reflecting oxidative stress, and the reducing capacity (corresponding to a defense against oxidative...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... significantly reduced (p ＜ 0.05) in all groups compared to the control group Similar finding have been reported in other study during oxidative stress [24] No significant changes in GST activity was seen ... levels indicates a decrease in the tissues’ ability to handle excessive free radicals [2] However, an increase in catalase activity enhances the scavenging ability of erythrocytes to handle the ... function and dysfunction in the cell: its relevance to aging and aging-related disease Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002, 34, 1372-1381 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K Assay for lipid peroxides in animal...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 23:22

... baicalein and baicalin were recorded at 315 nm and 272 nm respectively HPLC (Shimadzu, Japan) analysis content of baicalin and baicalein was 4.1522% and 3.3075%, respectively in SBG Baicalin and ... findings demonstrate that SBG can protect the brain against oxidative stress which was attenuated the oxidative injury induced by D-galactose plus NaNO2 D-galactose combined with NaNO2 also induced ... neurons Oxidative damage is one of the main factors of brain aging which is associated with neuroinflammation Neuroinflammation had been connected to the activation of inflammatory factors iNOS and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... brightly stained with ethidium bromide and appeared red Percentage of viable (white bars), apoptotic (grey bars) and necrotic/late apoptotic (black bars) determined by counting as described in Materials ... changes in response to CSE and lost their characteristic spindle-shaped morphology as is evident from figs c and d SAEC were shown to be more sensitive to CSE compared to transformed cell lines ... 0.01, and §p < 0.001 compared with control group L = Live; A = Apoptosis; N = Necrosis References Kode A, Yang SR, Rahman I: Differential effects of cigarette smoke on oxidative stress and proinflammatory...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin8 and interleukin-6) assays Cell lysates were prepared for GSH and 4-HNE assays Similarly, the epithelial cells were grown in 8-well chamber slides and ... Ergothioneine inhibits oxidative stress- and TNF-alphainduced NF-kappa B activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003, 302:860-864 Martin D, Leonardo ... recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF), 0.5 μg/ml epinephrine, 10 μg/ml transferrin, μg/ml insulin, 0.1 ng/ml retinoic acid (RA), 6.5 ng/ml triiodothyronine, 50 μg/ml Gentamicin/Amphotericin-B...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... temperature for 20 minutes, fixed in acetone for 10 minutes and washed in PBS for minutes Non-specific binding was blocked using 10% casein in PBS for 20 minutes The sections were incubated with primary ... visualise staining, and Mayer’s haematoxylin (BDH Laboratories, Poole, UK) was incubated for 30 seconds as a counterstain prior to mounting in Pertex mounting media Images were captured using Olympus ... significant baseline inverse correlation between tpO2 measurements and 4HNE expression [20] In this study we extend these findings and demonstrate that change in tpO is also significantly and inversely...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:22

... data suggest that in the Doberman pinchers copper accumulates in time and, finally, will have its negative effect on copper metabolism and induce oxidative stress Oxidative stress has been ascribed ... with copper incorporated during biosynthesis Metallothionein 1A (MT1A) is a small intracellular protein capable of chelating several metal ions, including copper It contains many cysteine residues, ... molecules against oxidative stress; (iii) the mRNA levels of GPX1 were significantly increased, indicating an increase in GSH oxidation; (iv) the decrease in GSH was confirmed by measuring total...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... 15-kDa band, containing both the N- and C-terminal chains that are identical in size (band A) Activation of double-chain trypsinogen to double-chain trypsin results in the appearance of band B, ... bodies and in vitro refolding of trypsinogen was performed as described previously [11–14], in 0.9 M guanidine-HCl, 0.1 M Tris/HCl (pH 8.0), mM K-EDTA containing mM L-cystine and mM L-cysteine Refolded ... zymogen in 100 lL) were trichloroacetic acid-precipitated and analyzed by reducing SDS/PAGE (12%) and Coomassie Blue staining Bands A and B correspond to the two chains of doublechain trypsin(ogen),...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 03:20

... hyperphosphorylated in the DS brain Gene dosage-related increases in DYRK1A levels in DS appear to be the major factor distinguishing the pattern and consequences of tau protein hyperphosphorylation in DS and in ... protein at the sites that are phosphorylated in AD In NFTs, tau protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, including GSK-3b, cyclin-dependent kinase5 (CDK5), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, ... total proteins) In all examined subregions of brains of DS subjects, the level of Role of DYRK1A in neurodegenerative diseases DYRK1A is higher than in control brains, but with an increase that...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... for estimating daily urine volume and measuring the ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine excretion Quantification of urine protein, BUN, and creatinine level was performed using standard laboratory ... and creatinine, urine amount, and the ratio of urine protein to creatinine Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine and the ratio of urine protein to creatinine in three groups ... Creatinine and BUN, Urine Amount and the Ratio of Urine Protein to Creatinine after IR Procedure Three time points (i.e 24 h, 72 h, and day 14 after the IR procedure) were chosen for determining...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... contributions AMB was involved in conception and design, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data and drafting of the manuscript EH was involved in design, interpretation of data, drafting of the ... of the manuscript and supervision ØE was involved in conception and design, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and supervision BL was involved in analysis and interpretation of ... experience of not coping well may result in distress and health problems All stress factors were associated with burnout in police Interestingly, the frequency, but not the severity, of stress factors...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... haplotype in ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12) and ESR1 in women [118] and again with ADAM12 in men along with the CILP (cartilage intermediate layer protein) haplotype There is ... smoking has been linked with a substantial increased risk of RA [17] (over 13-fold) and there was an increasing association between increasing pack-years of smoking and RA Current smoking has been ... Vol 11 No Oliver and Silman the high incidence in females An interesting observation was the increased incidence of Klinefelter’s syndrome (47, XXY) in male patients with SLE, in whom the frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22