evolution of character displacement in darwin s finches 224
Tài liệu Why Has The Cost of Navy Ships Risen - A Macroscopic Examination of the Trends in U.S. Naval Ship Costs Over the Past Several Decades doc
... costs of SSN-667 to SSN-777, we compare costs of the Sturgeon class to those of the Virginia class The surface combatant pairings represent comparisons of average costs for classes; in particular, ... issue such as the increase of shipbuilding input cost (e.g., greater costs for labor or materials) A sustained increase might also be due to increased costs for a continuously improving product, in ... relative to a previous class based on changes in design, regulations, and acquisition strategy Comparing Ship Costs Across Time In comparing ship costs across time, we present two types of data: (1)...
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Tài liệu Why Has the Cost of Fixed-Wing Aircraft Risen - A Macroscopic Examination of the Trends in U.S. Military Aircraft Costs over the Past Several Decades pptx
... comprises all systems such as avionics (electronics to control the aircraft), sensors (such as radar), other mission systems (such as electronic countermeasures, communications, targeting systems, ... data sources, including their limitations Second, we discuss how to measure cost escalation Third, we assess how cost escalation for aircraft compares with other measures of cost in ation such as ... depreciation Business base considerations are important in determining the burdened costs because certain fixed costs (costs that occur independently of workload such as security costs) get spread to...
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Tài liệu Bike Lanes, On-Street Parking and Business: A Study of Bloor Street in Toronto’s Annex Neighbourhood docx
... think drive to visit their business; and their opinions on the business impacts of losing one lane Bike Lanes, On-Street Parking and Business of on‐street parking in order to install a bike lane or widen the sidewalk. Merchants were asked ... opinions and interests? The merchant survey sought to answer this question by asking the opinions of as many merchants as possible. The merchants were asked how many customers they serve; how many of their customers they think drive to visit their business; and their opinions on the business impacts of losing one lane ... correlations were computed by the lead researcher under direction of the advisory committee. The survey team used SPSS statistics software, while the lead researcher used MS Excel. Further description of the data analysis methodology is found in the ‘Findings’ section of this report. ...
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The evolution of credence goods in customer markets: exchanging `pigs in pokes'''' docx
... purchases of the new customers (or the expected increase in the purchases of the old customers) Similarly, the loss of customers will show up as a decrease in the seller s “goodwill”, its customer ... costs of quality detection (precosts) and post-purchase costs of quality detection (post-costs) This classification leads us directly to a classification suggested by economic theorists— starting ... characteristic Although the trichotomy of “search characteristics”, “experience characteristics” and “credence characteristics” seems pretty obvious, economists still use this classification only sporadically...
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Báo cáo sinh học: " Molecular biodiversity of cassava begomoviruses in Tanzania: evolution of cassava geminiviruses in Africa and evidence for East Africa being a center of diversity of cassava geminiviruses" pptx
... we investigated the extent of inter-CMG recombinations and examined their role in the evolution of CMGs in Africa Results Assessment of CMD symptoms Over 80% of the cassava plants in the fields ... fields showed severe CMD symptoms with cassava in the Lake Victoria basin expressing the most severe symptoms followed by that from the southern regions Symptoms of infected cassava samples collected ... Representatives of six distinct CMG species have been found to infect cassava in Africa: African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Using animal models to determine the significance of complement activation in Alzheimer''''s disease" pptx
... models of human disease generally have similar pathological findings to the human disorders, distinct differences remain These models may be appropriate for studying some aspects of a disease process, ... steps in the complement cascade All of these regulatory proteins are produced in the human brain, but less is known about their CNS synthesis in other species [31] The status of some of these regulatory ... post-surgical hyperthermia which occurs spontaneously in these animals was suggested to promote the infiltration of microglia, whose secretory products increased the subsequent neuronal loss...
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báo cáo hóa học: " The microglial NADPH oxidase complex as a source of oxidative stress in Alzheimer''''s disease" ppt
... tyrosine kinases or inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) attenuates ROS production These findings suggest that these kinases are involved in upstream signaling cascades responsible ... engagement of an ensemble of cell surface receptors initiates a tyrosine kinase-based signaling cascade Tyrosine phosphorylation of the Vav-GEF results in the activation of downstream Rac1 GTPase Recently, ... Despite these promising findings, the use of statins in prospective clinical trials has yielded unsatisfactory results, failing to dramatically improve cognitive function or reduce serum plasma...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Molecular biodiversity of cassava begomoviruses in Tanzania: evolution of cassava geminiviruses in Africa and evidence for East Africa being a center of diversity of cassava geminiviruses" pot
... we investigated the extent of inter-CMG recombinations and examined their role in the evolution of CMGs in Africa Results Assessment of CMD symptoms Over 80% of the cassava plants in the fields ... fields showed severe CMD symptoms with cassava in the Lake Victoria basin expressing the most severe symptoms followed by that from the southern regions Symptoms of infected cassava samples collected ... Representatives of six distinct CMG species have been found to infect cassava in Africa: African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV), East African cassava mosaic...
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báo cáo hóa học: " Psychometric validation of the revised SCOPADiary Card: expanding the measurement of nonmotor symptoms in parkinson’s disease" potx
... domains for discussion in the focus groups of PD patients with off-time: feelings of anxiety, mood swings, loss of interest, fatigue and autonomic or gastrointestinal symptoms (such as excessive ... breaks, and excessive sweating as a result of very simple tasks such as walking while shopping were also frequently mentioned by patients There was strong endorsement of these symptoms appearing in ... question and 14 scaled and yes/no items Statistical analysis Scoring of the Revised SCOPA-DC Single-item scores were evaluated for the 11 symptom items in the Revised SCOPA-DC by summing responses...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Evolution of sedentary pastoralism in south India: case study of the Kangayam grassland" ppt
... dominant species in the grassland is Cenchrus which has a tussock density of 18-25 per sq m Re-seeding with seeds of Cenchrus is done by broadcasting to boost the forage yield in subsequent years Cenchrus ... biomass was calculated by taking at least five quadrats of m2 from each site Biomass in the grazing paddocks was estimated at 12 sites in the grassland Similarly, soil samples were taken from sites ... Even this meagre rainfall brings life to the grassland and the dormant, grazed tussocks begin sprouting, giving the first flush of the grass crop The bulk of the rain in the grassland is received...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Research Article On the Precise Asymptotics of the Constant in Friedrich’s Inequality for Functions " potx
... and in fact this was our original interest in the subject The paper is organized as follows In Section 2, we present and discuss our main results In Section 3, these results are proved via some ... bounds for Kε Proofs of the main results and some auxiliary results In Sections 3.1 and 3.2 we discuss, present, and prove some auxiliary results, which are of independent interest but also crucial ... considered in [19] In the paper the author constructed and verified the asymptotic expansions of eigenvalues Keeping in mind these results it is possible to obtain sharp bounds for the constant in...
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Báo cáo sinh học: "Adaptive evolution of centromere proteins in plants and animals" ppt
... gene structures, and examples of grass species with these structures Pairs of arrows indicate duplication events; lines terminating in a filled circle indicate loss of an exon pair in derivatives ... 170:.RKRRPFKESFTDSYFTDVINLEASEKEIP IASEQSLESATAAH.VTTVDRE VD :221 Mt 183: PVK.YRHRFSQETLDNNVDVLSSQEVFESDNLDLVGDNT DTGDAS.PTSLDNE VA :235 Os 175:RKSVHSYKFSASSDAPDAIEAPASQTETVTESQTTQDDVHGSAHEMTTEPVSSRSSQDAIPDISARE:241 ... these proteins are dissimilar in sequence across disparate phyla Such a small stretch of sequence conservation, accounting for less than 5% of the length of these 549-943 amino-acid proteins, is...
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Báo cáo sinh học: "Small changes, big results: evolution of morphological discontinuity in mammals" pps
... processes responsible for the evolution of powered flight in mammals are not yet known in detail, these comparative studies indicate that small changes in the timing and extent of expression in ... formation in Wyoming Photograph courtesy Nancy B Simmons morphogenic protein 2), which encodes a secreted signaling protein associated with the regulation of chondrogenesis Expression of this gene is ... unraveling the regulatory processes and identifying candidate genes responsible for morphological discontinuities in mammals and other organisms Rather than simple mutations within structural genes,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion for Correction of Abomasal Displacement in Dairy Cattle" doc
... effects on delayed uterine involution in postpartum dairy cows[5], had similar effect as acupuncture in dairy cows with abomasal displacement Furthermore, its application may be less costly, ... Assoc 1969, 155(4), 642-644 Discussion Several surgical corrective procedures including omentopexy [2], abomasopexy [7, 10], blind suture [13], and bar suture [3, 12] have been used as routine ... of the closed suturing technique for correction of left abomasal displacement in cows Vet Rec 1983, 113(12), 255-257 Sterner, K E and Grymer, J Closed suturing techniques using a bar-suture for...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Mucin pattern reflects the origin of the adenocarcinoma in Barrett''''s esophagus: a retrospective clinical and laboratorial study" ppsx
... patterns of mucins in colonic disease Biochem Soc Trans 1995, 23:840-5 Jass JR, Filipe MI: The mucin profiles of normal gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia and its variants and gastric carcinoma ... biopsies, were treated at the Esophageal Surgery Service of Digestive Surgery Division of Hospital das Clínicas of the University of S o Paulo School of Medicine Of those, Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed ... tumor Characteristics Patient Cell type (gastric or intestinal) predominance in the specialized columnar epithelium 10 11 12 13 intestinal intestinal similar intestinal Gastric Gastric Gastric Intestinal...
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Báo cáo y học: " Interrelated modulation of endothelial function in Behcet''''s disease by clinical activity and corticosteroid treatmen" ppt
... atherosclerotic process, as well as its reversibility, have been confirmed in various clinical settings, including systemic vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosous and systemic ... both clinical disease activity and use of corticosteroids, albeit in an interrelated manner Because the degree of inflammation cannot safely be assessed in BD using surrogate markers, such as serum ... days Clinical assessment and vascular studies were repeated on day The present study was conducted, using both case-controlled cross-sectional and prospective interventional approaches, to dissect...
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Signal sequence analysis of expressed sequence tags from the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the evolution of secreted proteins in parasites potx
... are available is to use SimiTri, which plots in two-dimensional N brasiliensis sequences show closest similarity to those of other trichostrongyles interactions N brasiliensis is a stronglylid nematode, ... nematodes Figure Similarity of N brasiliensis ESTs to sequences from other nematodes SimiTri [54] was used to plot 736 N brasiliensis EST clusters against related species database entries For each ... entries, 264 hits) Database comparisons were performed using TBLASTX (b) SimiTri plot showing sequence similarity relationships between N brasiliensis consensus sequences and database entries of...
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Báo cáo y học: "Evolution of temporal order in living organisms" pot
... often results in early death This suggests that one should simultaneously use multiple components of fitness to assess adaptive advantage Finally, most studies used replication at the level of ... hours of the day in faster developing lines compared to the slower developing lines The mating peaks in the faster developing lines occurred close to dusk while most of the flies from the slower ... has been to investigate extrinsic advantages of possessing circadian clocks in periodic environments, while studies on intrinsic adaptive advantages have always occupied the back seat Concluding...
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Báo cáo y học: "Sinus of valsalva aneurysm in Blau’s syndrom" ppt
... pathologies including atherosclerosis, trauma, endocarditis and syphilis [4] In a series of 129 patients [3], 52% of aneurysms arose from the right coronary sinus, 34% from the non-coronary sinus and ... as a result in most cases of a de novo mutation [2] There are very few data on the cardiovascular manifestations of Blau syndrome Here we report the first case of sinus of valsava aneurysm in ... degrees Careful inspection of the aortic root showed a highly dysplastic arrangement of the leaflets in relation to the aortic sinuses There was extensive trabeculation along the insertion lines...
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