evidence of oxidative stress in alzheimer disease brain and antioxidant therapy

... utility of anti-inflammatory drug therapies in the treatment of AD. Microglia are the principle immune effector cells in the brain and represent approximately 5–10% of all glia found in the brain. ... purposes) Journal of Neuroinflammation Open Access Review The microglial NADPH oxidase complex as a source of oxidative stress in Alzheimer& apos;s disease Brandy L Wilkinson* and Gary E Landreth Address: Alzheimer ... complex leads to the initiation of complex signaling events leading to protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the src-family kinases Lyn and Fyn as well as the tyrosine kinase Syk [30,32,52]....

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... synthase. The increased activities of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase suggest the increased and effective recycling of citrulline to arginine in anoxia, making nitric ... findings of NO involvement in pathophysiol- ogy of hypobaric hypoxia in brain (42-43). In this study the increased activity of NOS in anoxia may represent predominantly the nNOS form. In inflam- matory ... the way of competing NOS for arginine. In a recent study using GS inhibitor, it is showed a reduced concentration of glutamine and glutamate in brain due to GS inhibition (56). The sustained...

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... a subset of NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin) reduced brain inflammation and Aβ levels in addition to the dep- osition of Aβ in brain [13,14]. Despite this evidence, and the ... that a full dose of indomethacin alone despite a significant reduction in brain inflammation had only a marginal effect on brain oxidative stress in the Tg2576 mice [16]. This finding sug- gests ... Central Page 1 of 9 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Neuroinflammation Open Access Research Brain inflammation and oxidative stress in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer- like brain...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... determine the effects of Hsp105a on JNK and p38 signalling pathways, we examined the activation of JNK and p38 in F9 cells by oxidative stress. As shown in Fig. 6A, JNK was not activated in control ... activation of p38 induced by oxidative stress, we further examined whether its activation is responsible for the induction of apoptosis in F9 cells using SB202190, a potent inhibitor of p38. As shown in ... peroxide. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide-treat- ment induced marked activation of JNK within 30 min in S23 cells, but not in S3 cells. Therefore, the enhancement of the oxidative stress- induced...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... calcium transients during reversible brain ischemia. Exp Brain Res 104, 462–466. 188 Silver IA & Erecinska M (1992) Ion homeostasis in rat brain in vivo: intra- and extracellular [Ca 2+ ] and [H + ]in the ... by proteins resi- ding in both the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane, that is activated by mitochondrial Ca 2+ overloading and other factors including oxidative stress [88,89]. In neurons ... imposing a continuous load of calcium to the neuron. The turning point upon which the cell looses the ability to buffer the incoming calcium resulting in an abrupt, sustained and irreversible increase...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... PARP inhibitor, on oxidative stress- induced changes in D. discoideum development. Interestingly, oxidative stress resulted in PARP activation within 5 min that was inhibited by benzamide. Oxidative ... development. HA-induced oxidative stress activates PARP within 5 min (Fig. 4A,B), and its role during oxidative stress is further confirmed by the use of low concentrations of benzamide. Preincubation of cells ... the response of this organism to oxidative stress and the role of PARP during development. We used hydroxylamine (HA) to induce in situ generation of H 2 O 2 and monitored the effect of benzamide,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... cell activity of several LOX inhibitors, including aesculetin (a nonselective LOX inhibitor), MK886 (an inhibitor of the 5-LOX-activating protein), zileuton (a 5-LOX inhibitor), baicalein (a 12/15-LOX inhibitor), ... leads to inactivation of MKPs and activation of MAPKs [7-9]. ROS-mediated inhibition of MKPs is critical for TNFα-induced sus- tained activation of JNK and subsequent apoptosis [7]. Interestingly, ... [11,12], and pro- mote apoptosis. In fact, ROS-induced oxidative stress and cell death play important roles in the efficacy of many antineoplastic agents [13,14]. To investigate whether oxidative stress...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... in Alzheimer brain. Brain Res 1997, 769:391-395. 79. Walker DG, McGeer PL: Complement gene expression in human brain: comparison between normal and Alzheimer disease cases. Brain Res Mol Brain ... proteins including CD59, clus- terin, vitronectin, C1-inhibitor, C4-binding protein, decay-activating factor, and Factor H, which inhibit differ- ent steps in the complement cascade. All of these ... the removal of microorganisms and the processing of immune complexes. Numerous studies have provided evidence for an increase in this process in areas of pathology in the Alzheimer& apos;s disease (AD) brain. ...

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... study, we examined brain tissue from cases of Alzheimer disease for the presence of BRCA1, a known regulator of cell cycle, and found intense and specific localization of BRCA1 to neurofibrillary ... in all cases of Alzheimer disease. These findings not only further define the cell cycle reentry phenotype in Alzheimer disease but also indicate that the neurofibrillary tangles which define ... up-regulation of nitro- tyrosine in Alzheimer& apos;s disease brain. Brain Res 1997; 774: 193-9. 18. Mecocci P, MacGarvey U, Beal MF. Oxidative damage to mito- chondrial DNA is increased in Alzheimer& apos;s...

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Ngày tải lên: 20/08/2013, 07:54

... pilocarpine, on muscarinic and dopaminer- gic receptors and on phosphoinositide metabolism in rat hippocampus and striatum. Neurochem Int 33, 299–306. 21 Viana GSB, Marinho MMF, Sousa FCF, Bruin VMS, Aguiar ... nitrate and H 2 O 2 , are normally produced in the brain. H 2 O 2 is converted into water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase, which involves GSH, a cofactor of this enzyme [5,8]. GSH is one of ... findings show that pilocarpine induces SE, which can produce alterations in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in different areas, thereby pro- tecting the brain from neuronal damage induced...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20