... rate of infection, expected health gains are minimal and the decision is driven by the change in costs Most of these costs represent the value of obtaining increased capacity within the ICU, rather ... decision makers in any setting considering adopting A-CVCs judge thecosteffectivenessof these devices We have shown that thecosteffectivenessof these catheters is uncertain, and are not ... with the existing economic evidence contribute to the ongoing uncertainty about the use of A-CVCs First, the relative costeffectivenessofthe different types of A-CVC is unknown as none of the...
... Finally, the incremental cost between the two infusion containers was then compared to the incremental effectivenessofthe closed vs open container Theeffectiveness was measured in terms of ... among the three phases was relevant for the cost- effectiveness part ofthe economic analysis, since theeffectivenessofthe two infusion containers was measured in terms of CLABSI rate incurred in ... (number of CLABSI per 1000 CL days in phase 1-open infusion container, vs phase 2-closed infusion container) In other words, the incremental effectivenessofthe closed container was the “number of...
... assess the impact ofthe introduction of 2-dose lyophilized DPT-HB-Hib and of vaccine wastage rate on the cost- effectivenessof EPI as well as to identify main explaining factors of such results The ... FIC since no dose of Penta was administered With thecostof vaccines and consumables ignored, thecost per FIC for the district remains higher with the outreach strategy, and with thecost for ... involves the introduction of new vaccines and combinations which are generally more expensive In this light, the Pentavalent vaccine, DPT-HB-Hib was introduced (in place of DPT) into the Expanded...
... more about theeffectivenessof using picture in teaching vocabulary Aims and significance ofthe study This study is aimed at finding out theeffectivenessof using picture in teaching vocabulary ... and statement ofthe problem, the aims, the research question, the scope ofthe study as well as the research methodology It also outlines the organization ofthe thesis Rationale ofthe study English ... situations On the other hand, Doff (1988, p 96) groups these techniques into four categories: showing the meaning of words visually, showing the meaning of words in context, using synonyms or...
... up the word, (d) getting the learners to repeat the pronunciation ofthe word, (e) writing the word on the board, (f) pointing out any spelling irregularity inthe word Finally, the use ofthe ... attention to the form ofthe word by: (a) showing how spelling ofthe word is like the spelling of known words, (b) giving the stress pattern ofthe word and its pronunciation, (c) showing the prefix, ... perceptions ofthe frequency of their teachers’ using Vietnamese translation in presenting the meaning of new vocabulary The students‟ perceptions ofthe frequency of using Vietnamese translation in vocabulary...
... methodology It also outlines the organization ofthe thesis Rationale ofthe study English teaching involves four language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing One ofthe main tasks assigned ... more about theeffectivenessof using picture in teaching vocabulary Aims and significance ofthe study This study is aimed at finding out theeffectivenessof using picture in teaching vocabulary ... suggested, the effects of using pictures in teaching vocabulary were observed inthe treatment group and teaching and learning process inthe control group each week 2.6 Reflecting In carrying out the...
... was meaningful Having a meaningful life and a feeling of happiness in all age groups has increased after the interventions (P= 0.00) In women aged 70 and older, Not being worried about the future, ... with their lives and in 30% of them, lives are meaningless Be worried about the bad event in future observed in 66/5% of elderly More than 90% of them have enough free time which is spent in watching ... al: TheEffectivenessof Educational… There was a significant difference in terms of age in women before and after the interventions (P= 0.00), therefore, in female group, variables under interventions...
... point increase In other words, smoothing the spending levels has twice the impact of a 10 percent funding increase 38 The Cost- Effectivenessof Military Advertising: Evidence from 2002–2004 The ... results for the Army indicate that advertising remains effective At prevailing levels, the marginal advertising costof a contract was about $10,000 in 2002–2003 In contrast, thecost from adding recruiters ... reduced the incremental value of advertising to the Army by 50 percent Finally, the marginal costs of all types of military recruiting efforts (not just advertising) appear to have increased Given the...
... sustainability of interventions 3.4.1 Interventions for mothers The percentage of mothers participating in and benefiting from interventions was very high The percentage of regular participation in ... percentages of providers asking each ofthe questions to determine signs of disease increased Postintervention, the percentage of those performing two techniques, observing chest indrawing and counting ... Characteristics of mothers 4.1.2 Effects in changing mothers’ knowledge 4.1.3 Effects in changing mothers’ practice Post-intervention, most ofthe intervention group brought their children to examination...
... during NSAID use Costs The measure of interest was thecostof PPI treatment and the cost( s) of medical treatment of serious NSAID ulcer complications Included inthe costs of medical treatment ... complication in combination with the costs of PPI treatment The incremental costeffectiveness ratio was calculated by the difference in total direct medical costs divided by the difference in number of ... estimates of risk for serious NSAID ulcer complications into account (95% CI ofthe OR) as well as the uncertainty for the estimate ofthecostof a serious NSAID ulcer complication (95% CI ofthe cost...
... during NSAID use Costs The measure of interest was thecostof PPI treatment and the cost( s) of medical treatment of serious NSAID ulcer complications Included inthe costs of medical treatment ... complication in combination with the costs of PPI treatment The incremental costeffectiveness ratio was calculated by the difference in total direct medical costs divided by the difference in number of ... estimates of risk for serious NSAID ulcer complications into account (95% CI ofthe OR) as well as the uncertainty for the estimate ofthecostof a serious NSAID ulcer complication (95% CI ofthe cost...
... on the success of any intervention Research investigating the influence ofthe duration of plantar heel pain on its responsiveness to treatment, may therefore be helpful to those evaluatingthe ... baseline regarding the most important prognostic indicators NO YES YES YES YES NO 5) There was blinding of all subjects NO NO NO YES NO NO 6) There was blinding of all therapists who administered ... The results ofthe PEDro rating are shown in Table The quality ofthe studies as determined via the PEDro rating scale ranged from two to eight out of a possible score of ten Four ofthe six studies...
... revenue increased, and both initial and return visits increased They compared similar measures collected during the same study period from an internal medicine outpatient clinic The inclusion ofthe ... improvements in care and ever increasing capacity for continuing improvement Improving evaluation and understanding ofthe implementation and outcomes of such changes are essential to sustaining ongoing ... attention, since it was the only one ofthe nine to include a control group Patients inthe treatment clinic had to wait 30 fewer days for an outpatient obstetrics visit, patient time inthe clinic...
... screening of papers All authors read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests Justine Schneider is the chief investigator, and Pooria Sarrami was the trial coordinator of a study on effectiveness ... discussed inthe review General conclusion ofthe review: There is evidence for progression inthe field of internet-delivered psychotherapy (cCBT: Computerised Cognitive Behaviour Therapy; ICT: Information ... [10,11] They met all the criteria for inclusion in this meta-review, more than any ofthe other papers examined As discussed above, the reviews varied in their rigour and scope (Additional file 3) The...
... revenue increased, and both initial and return visits increased They compared similar measures collected during the same study period from an internal medicine outpatient clinic The inclusion ofthe ... improvements in care and ever increasing capacity for continuing improvement Improving evaluation and understanding ofthe implementation and outcomes of such changes are essential to sustaining ongoing ... attention, since it was the only one ofthe nine to include a control group Patients inthe treatment clinic had to wait 30 fewer days for an outpatient obstetrics visit, patient time inthe clinic...
... obtained from NHS reference costs Thecostofthe specialist intervention can be calculated with the help of diaries showing time spent by the different members ofthe team in delivering the ... behaviour therapist will jointly assess the patient and agree upon a joint formulation ofthe patient’s problems focusing on maintaining factors for the depression They will then agree upon a joint ... depend on the size ofthe network treating these individuals and the amount of variance in that treatment from site to site Subject to their agreement, some of these individuals may be re-interviewed...
... Counselling (SEC) intervention The therapists who administered the interventions were regular staff of community drug services that took part inthe trial All therapists received an intensive training ... infection in injecting drug users HCV transmission risk behaviours include injecting drugs, the sharing of injecting equipment, not cleaning and reusing drug paraphernalia, alcohol misuse, cocaine ... phoning the subject on the day of visits as a reminder Simple Educational Counselling (SEC) This consisted of a ten-minute session of information-giving intervention about the nature and the...
... that the protocol provides only 'suggestions', and that the final decision regarding therapy is left to the discretion ofthe responsible clinician This is similar to clinical routine, in which ... analysis, because in these patients the decision to stop antibiotic treatment is no longer the responsibility of participating intensivists Setting The participating university hospital is the tertiary ... changed, then the reason for this change must be checked in one ofthe boxes provided Physicians must indicate their estimate ofthe likelihood of sepsis and ventilator associated pneumonia on the...
... bootstrap samples ofthe mean effectiveness, the mean cost and the cost- effectiveness ratio The results were represented in a cost- effectiveness plane, linking effectiveness to costs From the same bootstrap ... occur and ofthe resulting incomparability ofthe groups in terms of resource use and hence of costs inthe initial cohort, we took preventative measures I was our intention that use ofthe propensity ... Hospitalization costs considered inthe micro-costing study included ICU costs and post-intensive care costs The ICU costs can be subdivided into variable direct costs, such as tests (laboratory and imaging),...