european journal of enteral and parenteral nutrition

... Medicine > Part 4. Nutrition > Chapter 73. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy: Introduction The ability to provide specialized nutritional support ... the duration and quality of life. The decision-making process used to decide when to use SNS is depicted in Fig. 73-1. Figure 73-1 Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part ... of inadequate nutritional intake. Enteral refers to feeding via a tube placed into the gut to deliver liquid formulas containing all essential nutrients. Parenteral refers to the infusion of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Moderate malnutrition <16 kg/m 2 Severe malnutrition <13 kg/m 2 Lethal in males <11 kg/m 2 Lethal in females From D Driscoll, B Bistrian: Parenteral and enteral nutrition ... Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2003. Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 2) Decision-making for the implementation of specialized nutrition support (SNS). CVC, central venous ... timing of nutritional support is based on evaluation of the preexisting nutritional status, the presence and extent of SRI, and the anticipated clinical course. SRI is identified by the standard...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... luminal nutrition should be provided, even when PN is required to provide most of the nutritional support. The combination of some enteral feeding either by mouth or by enteral tube with parenteral ... Substantial nutritional benefit can be achieved by providing Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (Part 3) Efficacy of SNS in Different Disease States Efficacy studies have shown that ... likelihood of PCM of >50% and at least a moderate SRI. Improvements in morbidity, including infection rates, encephalopathy, liver or renal function, and ~50% of energy needs for periods of up...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (HPEN) Therapy Status, % at 1 year b Rehabi litation c Status, % in Complic ations d per Patient-Year Chapter 073. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition ... appropriateness of home PN or EN are that the patient's prognosis is longer than several months and that the therapy benefits quality of life. Table 73-2 Summary of Outcomes for Patients on Home Parenteral ... N onHPE N Home Parenteral Nutrition Cr ohn's disease 5 62 6 6 0 2 5 0 8 0 .9 1. 1 Isc hemic 3 31 9 7 7 4 8 9 3 1 1 .4 1. 1 Home Enteral Nutrition Ne urologic disorders of swallowi ng...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... stressed patients, often benefit from fluid and sodium restriction to levels of 1000 mL of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formula and 5–20 meq of sodium per day. In patients with severe chronic ... weight loss and tissue wasting, TPN must be instituted gradually because of the profound antinatriuresis, antidiuresis, and intracellular accumulation of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. ... solution of 7% crystalline amino acids (70 g) and 21% dextrose (210 g), which provides an amount of nitrogen and glucose that is effective at protein- sparing. Table 73-3 Enteric Fluid Volumes and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... parenteral fat and 500 mL of 20% parenteral fat. Medium-chain triglycerides, which contain saturated fatty acids with chain lengths of 6, 8, 10, or 12 carbons, are provided in a number of enteral ... ingredient in most parenteral fat emulsions and the majority of the fat in enteral feeding formulas. These vegetable oil–based emulsions provide essential fatty acids. Enteral feeding formulas ... permit and definitely during the second week of SNS. Patients with multiple trauma, closed head injury, and severe burns weight per h or about 100 g over 12 h—equivalent to 1 L of 10% parenteral...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... and acid- base balance. Vitamin and trace element requirements are met by the daily provision of a complete parenteral vitamin supplement and trace elements for PN, and with the provision of ... adequate amounts of enteral feeding formulas that contain these micronutrients. Table 73-4 Usual Daily Electrolyte Additions to Parenteral Nutrition Electrolyte Parenteral Equivalent of RDA Usual ... amounts up to 1.5 g/kg as volume, renal, and hepatic tolerances allow. The standard parenteral and enteral formulas contain protein of high biologic value and meet the requirements for the eight...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

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Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 03:20

... Government of India is starting a scheme of making available subsidized sanitary napkins to adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 years in rural India from August 2011. As part of promotion of ... napkins will be sold by the ASHA to girls at a cost of Rs.6 for a pack of six i.e. Rs.1 per piece in the villages. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH,2011 JUL – SEP;13(3) 6 ... Gupta H. Adolescents and menstruation. The Journal of Family Welfare 2001;47(1):1-12. 5. Narayana KA, Srinivasa DK, Petlo PJ. Puberty rituals, reproductive knowledge and health of adolescent school...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 14:20

... been done in Ireland, Germany, and Netherland to the health conscious people. Most of the people in Germany and Netherland said that organic products can avoid the pesticides and other toxin ... from Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology (Bogor Agricultural University), Region Government of Bogor, Central Government of Bogor, and BRI (Bank Rakyat ... Consumer Education on The Benefits of Going Organic. Nur Fathonah Sadek and Yuananda Parama Oktarani Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20