ethical considerations in research are always evident

... contravene existing guide- lines – in particular, the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 1996) and the international ethical guidelines for biomedical research involv- ing human subjects ... Unsurprisingly, uptake in these countries is high (as well as in Sweden and the US). In the UK it is much lower but rising (de Cock and 71HIV in pregnancy 4 HIV in pregnancy: ethical issues in screening ... is genuine shared decision-making. Patients should control the amount and timing of information. I submit that in the case of anonymized testing, and in the case of ‘routine’ voluntary named testing,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... practising clinician’s slant on disability, in the context of ethical issues in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. He writes, ‘Life-sustaining treatment implies that treatment is being given in ... donor insemination are outlined. Elina Hemminki (Chapter 12), a Finnish epidemiologist and health tech- nology assessment expert, approaches antenatal screening from an evidence- based medicine ... assigning priorities when diVerent ethical values or inter- ests are in conXict. Its approach to prioritizing should be capable of taking into account all relevant ethical considerations, and it should...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:54

... portacaval shunting, thereby decreasing first pass metabolism; decrease in quantities and affinity of plasma proteins, thereby increasing free-drug levels; increase in volume of distribution in patients ... in valproate dose None Risk of liver injury in conjunction with lipid-lowering agents; risk of bleeding complications in conjunction with antiplatelet agents, warfarin, niacin Carbamazepine ... studied primarily in patients with seizure disorders. Carbamazepine-induced increase in total cholesterol is primarily due to an increase in HDL [34]. This occurs during the initial weeks of therapy,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:51

... performed dural incisions in a stellate fashion. In this step, it is important that entrance points of major vessels are close to the midpoint between the angles of the dural opening. Th e most ... repeated in parallel rows of incisions so that each incision in one row wa s adjacent to an intact dural bridge in the rows on either side. The same course was then performed, but in a direction ... 7(6):385-390 â Ivyspring International Publisher. All rights reserved Review Technical Considerations in Decompressive Craniectomy in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury X. Huang, L....

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... to Win) Integrative Negotiations (Achieve Mutual Gain) ã Exaggerating demands ã Pretend not to be in a hurry ã Ask for more than you expect ã Hiding the bottom line ã Misrepresenting information ã Bluffing ã Influencing ... Negotiation Importanceofcontext Locusofcontrol ã Internallocusofcontrolseeyourselfasacausalagentof whathappenstoyou ã Externallocusofcontrolviewoutsidefactorsasthe predominantcauseofnegativeoutcomesinyourlife ã Thosewithinternallocusofcontrolarelesslikelytomake excusesfortheiractionsiffoundtobeengagedin questionabletactics Righttodefendorprotectselffromunethical opponents Ethics  Behaving in moral ways  Most societies have guidelines for behavior  What one society views as unethical may be  considered acceptable in another society  Ethics is evolving rather than a set of  standards that must never change  Develop code of ethics ... Avoid  Bluffing  Falsification  Misrepresentation  Deception  Selective disclosure Responding to Unethical Negotiators Bealerttothepossibilityofunethical behaviorandpreparedtoeffectivelyrespond Strategies ã Directlyconfrontthenegotiator ã Indirectlyconfrontthenegotiator ã Respondwithhumor ã Silenceandappropriatenonưverbals(e.g. skepticism,raisedeyebrows) ã Declarativestatements(e.g.comeonnow,get real!) ...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2012, 15:28

... disorders including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease in cervids, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. The only known component of the infectious ... appeared to be conserved in the PMCA product by exhibiting indistinguishable clinical signs and vacuo- lation pattern. In addition, the pathogenecity of in vi- tro generated PrP Sc appeared ... PrP Sc since the original PrP Sc seeds were diluted beyond the minimum infectious level. Although infectious, the in vitro generated PrP Sc product exhibited longer incubation periods in ani- mals...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:52

... cloning, and calls for fully informing the public and stimulating debate. 15 7Ethical issues in embryo interventions and cloning Conclusion Cloning is only one example, among the many discussed in ... which 15 3Ethical issues in embryo interventions and cloning 9 Ethical issues in embryo interventions and cloning Francáoise ShenWeld Centre for Medical Ethics, UCL Medical School, London, UK Introduction Although ... pertinent. Indeed if dignity has to be deWned in any essential manner, as it must be if enshrined in international declarations, it is the unique quality of all human beings, also recognized in...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments from handicapped neonates revolve around good discussion within the clinical team and with the parents. All should have equal involvement in the discussion, ... be repeated and severe problems and invasive therapy, parents may feel that treatment 33 9Ethical issues in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment and Withholding Treatment. London: St Mary’s NHS ... Death in the intensive care nursery: physician practice of withdrawing and withholding life support. Pediatrics 99: 64–70. Whitelaw, A. (1986). Death as an option in neonatal intensive care. Lancet...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... (DiVerent feminist standpoints are supported by feminist standpoint theory, which I have described and defended in Mahowald, 1995a.) Within the context of that imperative, targeting some fetuses ... the administration of infertility drugs, if ultrasound monitoring indicated maturation of multiple follicle cells (Manier, 1998: p. 1). At that point, clinicians might have declined to administer ... support of care for those who are disabled. From that same standpoint, FTPP is hardly defensible in twin gestations unless fetuses have no moral standing or their standing is subordinated to the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... building rings. For example, a 5 km serving area with four main routes would require about 20 km of fiber cable. A ring serving the same area would require more than 31 km of cable. A full ring ... troubleshooting. Still, like elsewhere in the world, service providers in Europe are facing the task of building next-generation networks to increase available bandwidth by getting active equipment ... nodes. There are still a few other issues to consider in planning an FTTN architecture through existing underground ducts. For instance, planners should not focus on trying to squeeze more things into...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 11:20

... some or the entire mold is finished. It could require experimenting with cycle times, even changing some steel dimensions, or the cooling provisions in all or in certain areas of the mold. Often, ... never unhappy to pay the premium, because they too gained by being in production sooner and/or gaining higher productivity. 6.2 Patents and Ethical Considerations While patents and ethics may not ... everyone in this chain should be aware of the risks and problems of ignoring potential patents or unethical behavior. The following highlights some of the basics that anybody considering a new...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 16:20

... serving in combat, 2 they are serving in forward positions in greater numbers. Additionally, as of 2008, there were approximately 38,000 U.S. citizens serving as contractor personnel in Iraq 3 ... status. As stated earlier, clinicians in the private sector do not routinely screen for military service. Training must be provided to primary care physicians including OB/GYNs, to help them identify ... example, during this workshop, Magellan Health Systems presented information about its CME programs promoting evidence-based practices guidelines for diagnosing and treating PTSD. These training programs...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... NPY feeding systems are dysfunctional in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. NPY injected intrahypo- thalamically stimulated feeding less potently in rats bearing methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma than in ... al. Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature 2001;410:822-825. 125. Tanaka Y, Eda H, Fujimoto K, et al. Anticachectic activity of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouri- dine in ... corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a potent anorexigenic signal. 76,77 Convergent information suggests that CRF may be involved in triggering changes in gastrointestinal motility observed during...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 04:20

... coal miners in terms of the “frame” of tons of coal mined, the health of miners appears to be improving. That is, coal-mine deaths, per ton of coal mined, have been decreasing since 1950 in the ... miners in terms of the “frame” of numbers of coal miners, the health of miners appears to be diminishing. That is, coal mine deaths, per thousand coal-mine employees in the US, have been increasing ... among influences on the choice of research question, influences on the funding of some research projects (and not others), influences on the outcome of research (i.e., findings), and influences...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20