etching of highly doped crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid

Direct writing for silicon wafer solar cells

Direct writing for silicon wafer solar cells

... Chapter Etching of highly doped crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid 39 §3.1 Introduction 39 §3.2 Experimental details 42 §3.3 Determining the etch rate 44 §3.4 Etching ... patterning technique is applied to the fabrication of Al-LBSF solar cells, resulting in cell efficiencies of up to 18.5% In addition, the etching of silicon in hydrofluoric acid (HF) is investigated ... on the efficiency of the solar cells We investigated this etching behaviour of highly doped n-type silicon in HF in detail A proper understanding and exploitation of the etching mechanism are...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:16

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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Geometry Unit for Analysis of Warped Image Features on Programmable Chips" ppt

Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Geometry Unit for Analysis of Warped Image Features on Programmable Chips" ppt

... Point correlation means that, instead of all pixels of the template, only few distinctive points are used For instance, we reduce from the original template size of 1600 pixels to n = 48 points ... improving the execution speed of the program, for example, by implementing portions of the code in assembler or by introducing special hardware support However, for algorithms needing processing of ... during processing of the GEO unit (SumTT and SumTP0 registers) (6) is computed by the CPU—notice that the square root in (3) has been eliminated in (6) After processing of all search vectors in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

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VIEWS OF AMERICA’S WAR ON TERRORISM in VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPERS a CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

VIEWS OF AMERICA’S WAR ON TERRORISM in VIETNAMESE NEWSPAPERS a CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

... more intensified with the choice of intensifiers like A " D :" ^ U " U i" b E" A The below table is a summary of vocbaulary choice analysis in the headlines: Table 5: Choice of vocabulary in headlines/leads ... Participants and Circumstances described in the text Transitivity provides us with the potential to group the infinite variety of occurrences into a finite set of process types, namely Material, Mental, ... choices used in the headlines First it is the opposition to the war, manifested by a series of words showing L disagreement ? " h i" b Bo p " E % < choice, combined with the use of collective...

Ngày tải lên: 06/02/2014, 14:46

71 512 1
Effect of tunneling current on the growth of silicon islands on si(111) surfaces with a scanning tunneling microscope

Effect of tunneling current on the growth of silicon islands on si(111) surfaces with a scanning tunneling microscope

... function of the tunneling current, had a maximum at 0.3 nA as shown in Fig The scattering of the island height in one experimental run increased with increasing tunneling current The increase of the ... decrease of the early-stage growth rate as the tunneling current increased ( Fig 3) indicates that the effect of the increasing electron flow on directional diffusion dominates the effect of the increasing ... increase of the scattering coincided with the appearance of fluctuations of the tunneling current During the growth of islands at a bias voltage of −10 V and a tunneling current of 1.2 nA or larger,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:32

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17% of cell phone owners do most of their online browsing on their phone, rather than a computer or other device pdf

17% of cell phone owners do most of their online browsing on their phone, rather than a computer or other device pdf

... percentage points, and the margin of error for cell phone owners who go online using their phones (n=929) is plus or minus 3.7 percentage points pewinternet.org Main findings: A majority of adult ... error, question wording and practical difficulties in conducting telephone surveys may introduce some error or bias into the findings of opinion polls A combination of landline and cellular random ... and older, including 903 cell phone interviews Interviewing dates: 03.15.2012 – 04.03.2012 Margin of error is plus or minus percentage points for results based on Total [n=2,254] Margin of error...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 20:20

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Báo cáo hóa học: " Influence of grazing and precipitation on ecosystem carbon cycling in a mixed-grass prairie" potx

Báo cáo hóa học: " Influence of grazing and precipitation on ecosystem carbon cycling in a mixed-grass prairie" potx

... years of measurements, grazing intensity significantly influenced NEE (P = 0.03) and RE (P = 0.02), but not GEP (P = 0.18; Table 2) The grazing intensity × pasture and grazing intensity × year interactions ... availability is more important than grazing intensity in grassland carbon cycling (e.g., Risch and Frank 2006) However, we did find interactive effects of grazing intensity × pastures and years on ... alpine grassland of Wyoming are dictating soil C sequestration though intraannual variation in weather may dictate oscillations in the magnitudes of GEP, RE, and NEE Interestingly, we found a...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

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Báo cáo hóa học: " Formation of Ge-Sn nanodots on Si(100) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy" docx

Báo cáo hóa học: " Formation of Ge-Sn nanodots on Si(100) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy" docx

... in growing surfaces act as surfactants for Ge adatoms, the surface diffusion of Ge atoms on a Si(100) surface will increase The quantity of Sn atoms at growing surfaces may increase because of ... growth of Ge1-xSnx heterostructures with the small concentrations of Sn in the range of substrate temperatures from 150 to 450°C follows the SK mechanism By the method of recording diffractometry of ... Masada A, Ichikawa M: Quantum-confinement effect in individual Ge1-xSnx quantum dots on Si(111) substrates covered with ultrathin SiO2 films using scanning tunneling spectroscopy Appl Phys Lett...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

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Báo cáo hóa học: " In situ Control of Si/Ge Growth on Stripe-Patterned Substrates Using Reflection High-Energy Electron " potx

Báo cáo hóa học: " In situ Control of Si/Ge Growth on Stripe-Patterned Substrates Using Reflection High-Energy Electron " potx

... line in Fig 4g) The latter is caused by the surface roughening of the 2D Ge wetting layer surface associated with the formation of a high density of dimer vacancy lines and subsequently missing ... facet spots sharpen and strongly increase in intensity This indicates an initial rapid expansion, i.e., growth of the {113} sidewall facets of the stripes During further Si growth at 520°C, however, ... improves and the initial 3D diffraction spots completely disappear (see Fig 1b) Continuation of buffer growth, results in the appearance of faint additional diffraction streaks inclined by 25° to...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

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Báo cáo y học: "Measuring the impact of apnea and obesity on circadian activity patterns using functional linear modeling of actigraphy data" pps

Báo cáo y học: "Measuring the impact of apnea and obesity on circadian activity patterns using functional linear modeling of actigraphy data" pps

... problems of masking circadian patterns may arise The merit of functional linear modeling relies in determining when along the 24-hour scale groups differ Results from parameter tests in a cosinor ... maximum activity in the high apnea group (thick blue line) occurs in the morning with a steady decline in activity the remainder of the day, compared to low apnea group (thick red line), the maximum ... the circadian patterns in the high and low apnea subjects Using this subset of subjects, functional smoothing and linear modeling is illustrated in this section In the following section the methods...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

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Báo cáo y học: "Effect of magnesium sulfate administration on blood–brain barrier in a rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis: a randomized controlled experimental study" ppt

Báo cáo y học: "Effect of magnesium sulfate administration on blood–brain barrier in a rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis: a randomized controlled experimental study" ppt

... mechanism of brain injury in sepsis Studies have suggested that septic encephalopathy might involve a disturbance of plasma and brain neutral amino acid transport across the blood–brain barrier ... (SMg) Intraperitoneal sepsis was induced with the infected fibrin– thrombin clot model described by Mathiak and colleagues [8] Fibrin–thrombin clots were formed by adding ml of 1% sterile fibrinogen ... formation in sepsisinduced brain injury need to be further evaluated by more sensitive methods A major finding of the present study is that magnesium administration attenuates the increase in BBB...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

6 283 0
Báo cáo y học: "Mapping of IgE-binding regions on recombinant Cyn d 1, a major allergen from Bermuda Grass Pollen (BGP)" pps

Báo cáo y học: "Mapping of IgE-binding regions on recombinant Cyn d 1, a major allergen from Bermuda Grass Pollen (BGP)" pps

... reduction of about 70% in IgE binding in comparison to the whole molecule These findings clearly indicated that the C-terminal of Cyn d was the major IgE-binding region Since removal of the two ... sera showed binding to C-terminus as opposed to only 8% of sera binding to N-terminus region in the case of the Hol l molecule [21] The findings from B-cell epitope mapping studies of Phl p were ... reduction in IgE binding Interestingly, deleting 50 residues (120–170) reduced IgE binding to about the same extent as deleting the last 20 residues The allergenic potency of D3 devoid of both...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:22

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The effect of explicit vocabulary teaching on ESP students’ vocabulary acquisition – A Quasi-experimental research in Vung Tau Vocational College

The effect of explicit vocabulary teaching on ESP students’ vocabulary acquisition – A Quasi-experimental research in Vung Tau Vocational College

... The status of vocabulary in language learning and teaching has changed dramatically in the last two decades “Since the mid1980s there has been renewed interest in the role of vocabulary in second ... Chacón-Beltrán, R (2010) Insights Into Non-native Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Craik, F.I.M & Tulving, E (1975) “Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory” Journal of Experimental ... and meaning of new words Cognition and Instruction, 7, 105-127 Nation, P (1994) New Ways in Teaching Vocabulary Pantagraph Printing, Illinois USA Nation, I S P (2001) Learning vocabulary in another...

Ngày tải lên: 04/08/2015, 09:41

8 363 2
Characterisation of the effects and mechanism of action of rapamycin and genistein on acute myeloid leukemia using high throughput techniques

Characterisation of the effects and mechanism of action of rapamycin and genistein on acute myeloid leukemia using high throughput techniques

... their binding to specific cytosolic binding proteins called immunophilins Rapa specifically binds to the immunophilin FKBP12 (FK506 binding protein of 12 KDa) Other members of this class include ... presence of the FRB (FKBP12/rapamycin binding) domain The kinase domain lies sandwiched between the FRB and the FATC domains, at the C-terminus of 17 the protein The HEAT domain mediates protein-protein ... trioxide ATRA All transretinoic acid BSA Bovine serum albumin C.I Confidence interval CBF Core binding factor Cdk Cyclin dependent kinase CDKI Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Da Dalton DMSO...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:18

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Estimation of Proper Strain Rate in the CRSC Test Using a Artificial Neural Networks

Estimation of Proper Strain Rate in the CRSC Test Using a Artificial Neural Networks

... rate involved three phases First, data collection phase involved gathering the data for use in training and testing the neural network A large training data reduces the risk of under-sampling ... (4) Training was performed iteratively until the average of sum squared error over all the training patterns was minimized Experiment were carried out using a number of combinations of input parameters ... under-sampling the nonlinear function, but increases the training time To improve training, preprocessing of the data to values between and was carried out before presenting the patterns to the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2013, 15:01

5 517 1
Research on MAP Recovery Conditions using a Fluidized-bed Crystallized Phosphorous Removal System

Research on MAP Recovery Conditions using a Fluidized-bed Crystallized Phosphorous Removal System

... surface of the MAP particles already in the reactor The interior of the reactor was aerated using air to enhance the fluidizing of MAP particles MAP particles were extracted from the bottom of the ... results indicated a decrease in the P of recoverd effective reaction surface area due to enlarged MAP P of M AP microcrystallization P of solbility particle size Also indicated was an increase in ... most of the phosphorus in the raw water was found to be used up in MAP particle growth Accordingly, the influent phosphorus load and the growth rate of MAP particles increase Phosphorus in the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

6 438 0
Báo cáo khoa học: Selective detection of superoxide anion radicals generated from macrophages by using a novel fluorescent probe pdf

Báo cáo khoa học: Selective detection of superoxide anion radicals generated from macrophages by using a novel fluorescent probe pdf

... buffer solutions of DBZTC (10 lm) maintained in a 37 °C water bath The fluorescence emission of each reaction mixture was measured at 5-min intervals against a reagent blank using a fluorescence ... transfer is single Namely, one unit of XO can catalyze the conversion of 1.00 · 10)6 mol XA into 0.33 · 10)6 mol O2–Æ [17] As expected, the fluorescence intensity increased with increasing O2–Æ concentration ... shown in Fig 8, the fluorescence intensity of reaction system increased with increasing time up to 10 and became constant thereafter This shows that the probe can capture O2–Æ quickly within 10 min,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Part of Speech Estimation Method for Japanese Unknown Words using a Statistical Model of Morphology and Context" pptx

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Part of Speech Estimation Method for Japanese Unknown Words using a Statistical Model of Morphology and Context" pptx

... side of Equation (7) represents the probability of the string cl Ck in the set of all strings whose length are k, while the righthand side represents the probability of the string in the set of ... means It is obvious t h a t the beginnings and endings of 'Chinese character' is used for both Chinese origin words play an important role in tagging part of words and Japanese words semantically ... frequencies in the training corpus whose infrequent words are replaced with their corresponding unknown word tags based on their part of speeches Table shows examples of word bigrams including unknown...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

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báo cáo hóa học: " A case study of new assessment and training of unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients: effect of visual image transformation and visual stimulation by using a head mounted display system (HMD)" doc

báo cáo hóa học: " A case study of new assessment and training of unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients: effect of visual image transformation and visual stimulation by using a head mounted display system (HMD)" doc

... rehabilitation of the activities of daily living Cyberpsychol Behav 2003, 6(4):383-388 Prothero JD: The treatment of akinesia using virtual images In Master's the-sis Industrial Engineering, University of ... Hospital, Shinhassamu 5jo 7chome, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Japan and 3Department of Human Science and Informatics, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Tokai University, 5-1 Minamisawa, Minami-ku, ... difficulties when talking or communicating with others? neglect the left/right side of personal space? Show difficulties in eating? Show difficulties in grooming (self-care, washing, bathing, etc.)? Show...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

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báo cáo hóa học:" An in vivo evaluation of bone response to three implant surfaces using a rabbit intramedullary rod model" doc

báo cáo hóa học:" An in vivo evaluation of bone response to three implant surfaces using a rabbit intramedullary rod model" doc

... gas to produce coating with thickness ranging from 40-70 microns (nominal 50 microns) The coating had a minimum total crystallinity of 65% The minimum HA fraction in the crystalline phase was 90% ... finite dissolution rate of crystalline hydroxyapatite provides a continuous source of calcium and inorganic phosphate [18] In our present study, as well as in those reported by others, bone often ... developed intestinal obstruction after ingesting surgical dressing and was euthanized days before schedule The femora were harvested from this rabbit and included in the SEM analysis The details of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

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Báo cáo hóa học: " Grafting of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes from Magnetite Nanoparticles Using a Phosphonic Acid Based Initiator by Ambient Temperature Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATATRP)" pdf

Báo cáo hóa học: " Grafting of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes from Magnetite Nanoparticles Using a Phosphonic Acid Based Initiator by Ambient Temperature Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATATRP)" pdf

... reduction of initiator efficiency due to termination reaction between polymer chains growing in solution from free initiator and polymer chains growing from the surface resulting in the reduction of ... (s, 6H) 31 P NMR of d in ppm (400 MHz, d in ppm, CDCl3):0.98 Anchoring of ATRP—Initiator to MNs To 10 mmol of ATRP-Initiator, (c), 10 mL of THF was added followed by the addition of 1-g magnetite ... by adding 1:2 ratio of Fe+2/Fe+3 to an aqueous solution, maintained in an inert atmosphere at a high pH which was obtained by addition of ammonia at ambient temperature The powder XRD of MNs...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

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