essential linux device drivers pdf free download

... for newer drivers. The basic idea being exploited is that whenever a new device appears during the system's lifetime, all available device drivers must check whether the new device is ... the usual case of a static device list is handled by scanning the device list once for each device at system boot; modularized drivers will just unload as usual if no device is there, and an external ... pair. A device driver usually relies on the signature to identify its device; you can find what value to look for in the hardware manual for the target device. class Every peripheral device...

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... 1 :An Introduction to Device Drivers As the popularity of the Linux system continues to grow, the interest in writing Linux device drivers steadily increases. Most of Linux is independent ... independent of the devices attached to the SCSI cable. Other classes of device drivers have been added to the kernel in recent times, including USB drivers, FireWire drivers, and I2O drivers. In ... by Linux, somebody somewhere has written a driver to make it work with the system. Without device drivers, there is no functioning system. Device drivers take on a special role in the Linux...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... implementations. For example, the video-for -linux set of drivers is split into a generic module that exports symbols used by lower- level device drivers for specific hardware. According to your ... new device, it will be able to avoid probing those ports that are already in use by other drivers. ISA probing is in fact a risky task, and several drivers distributed with the official Linux ... not belong to any of the classes listed in "Classes of Devices and Modules" in Chapter 1, "An Introduction to Device Drivers& quot;. The sample driver shown in this chapter is called...

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... the minor number of the device, so the driver is free to use it at will. In practice, different minor numbers are used to access different devices or to open the same device in a different way. ... of setting up the devices. for (i=0; i < scull_nr_devs; i++) { scull_devices[i].quantum = scull_quantum; scull_devices[i].qset = scull_qset; sema_init(&scull_devices[i].sem, 1); ... Allocation of Major Numbers Some major device numbers are statically assigned to the most common devices. A list of those devices can be found in Documentation/devices.txt within the kernel source...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... /proc is heavily used in the Linux system. Many utilities on a modern Linux distribution, such as ps, top, and uptime, get their information from /proc. Some device drivers also export information ... } exit(0); } setconsole uses the special ioctl command TIOCLINUX, which implements Linux- specific functions. To use TIOCLINUX, you pass it an argument that is a pointer to a byte array. ... limit; i++) { Scull_Dev *d = &scull_devices[i]; if (down_interruptible(&d->sem)) return -ERESTARTSYS; len += sprintf(buf+len,"\nDevice %i: qset %i, q %i, sz %li\n",...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... buffer was used, because data is simply copied to the memory area associated with the device. Essentially, the device is a buffer, so the implementation of additional buffers would be superfluous. ... free to do it differently. Though the ioctl system call is most often used to act on devices, a few commands are recognized by the kernel. Note that these commands, when applied to your device, ... implementing device control this way is that the user can control the device just by writing data, without needing to use (or sometimes write) programs built just for configuring the device. For...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... that it runs in process context, implying that the tasks it runs have a bit more freedom in what they can do. In Linux 2.4, this queue runs out of a dedicated kernel thread called keventdand is ... gettime: 846157215.942465 xtime: 846157215.941188 jiffies: 1308095 Delaying Execution Device drivers often need to delay the execution of a particular piece of code for a period of time ... according to the value of HZ, which is an architecture-dependent value defined in < ;linux/ param.h>. Current Linux versions define HZ to be 100 for most platforms, but some platforms use 1024,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... cache. Device drivers normally do not exhibit the sort of memory behavior that justifies using a lookaside cache, but there can be exceptions; the USB and ISDN drivers in Linux 2.4 use caches. Linux ... happens, the Linux kernel takes advantage of the feature, and both the kernel and get _free_ pages addresses lie in one of those memory ranges. The difference is transparent to device drivers and ... with the pages, it can free them with one of the following functions. The first function is a macro that falls back on the second: void free_ page(unsigned long addr); void free_ pages(unsigned...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... allocate and free ports are: #include < ;linux/ ioport.h> can be either hardwired in the device or assigned by system firmware at boot time. The former is true, for example, of ISA devices, ... addresses are either burned in device logic circuits, statically assigned in local device memory, or set by means of physical jumpers. The latter is true of PCI devices, whose addresses are assigned ... written to device memory, where they persist only while the device is powered on. Either way, for software to access I/O memory, there must be a way to assign a virtual address to the device. ...

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... long as you don't use the two devices at the same time. It is quite common for users to load the module for a special device at system boot, even if the device is rarely used. A data acquisition ... :Interrupt Handling Although some devices can be controlled using nothing but their I/O regions, most real-world devices are a bit more complicated than that. Devices have to deal with the external ... call request_irq is when the device is first opened, before the hardware is instructed to generate interrupts. The place to call free_ irq is the last time the device is closed, after the hardware...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... of Standard C Types Although most programmers are accustomed to freely using standard types like int and long, writing device drivers requires some care to avoid typing conflicts and obscure ... portability issues. Modern versions of the Linux kernel are highly portable, running on several very different architectures. Given the multiplatform nature of Linux, drivers intended for serious use ... itself. See the include file for the rest. Not all Linux versions defined all the macros that deal with byte ordering. In particular, the linux/ byteorderdirectory appeared in version 2.1.72...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... #include < ;linux/ config.h> CONFIG_MODVERSIONS This macro is defined only if the current kernel has been compiled to support versioned symbols. #ifdef MODVERSIONS #include < ;linux/ modversions.h> ... this way: char and block drivers, filesystems, line disciplines, network protocols, and so on. One example of a driver that benefits from demand loading is the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ... used primarily by the hot-plug subsystem (i.e., for USB devices and such) to perform module loading and configuration tasks when a new device is attached to the system. Its prototype is: #if...

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... handlers is convenient when the device can issue interrupts with different meanings. DEVICE_ ON(kdev_t device) DEVICE_ OFF(kdev_t device) These macros are intended to help devices that need to perform ... { Sbull_Dev *device; struct request *req; int status; /* Find our device */ device = sbull_locate _device (blkdev_entry_next_request(&q->queue_head)); if (device- >busy) ... : Loading Block Drivers Our discussion thus far has been limited to char drivers. As we have already mentioned, however, char drivers are not the only type of driver used in Linux systems....

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... performance, the Linux kernel maintains a list of free pages for each allocation order, and only the page count of the first page in a cluster is incremented by get _free_ pages and decremented by free_ pages. ... multiple of the page size. These limits are not a big constraint for drivers, because the program accessing the device is device dependent anyway. It needs to know how to make sense of the memory ... in Linux& quot;. Before examining the code, let's look at the design choices that affect the mmap implementation in scullp. scullp doesn't release device memory as long as the device...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20