error estimation for unsteady flows

... Chapter Error Estimation This chapter covers the basics of error estimation: definitions, performance metrics for estimation rules, test-set error estimation, and training-set error estimation ... optimal convex estimation, smoothed error estimation, and bolstered error estimation Chapter Performance Analysis The main focus of the book is on performance characterization for error estimators, ... selection rule error estimation rule error estimator population-specific estimated error rates error estimator bias error estimator deviation variance error estimator root mean square error error estimator...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2016, 10:00

... the same performance with the conventional LMMSE channel estimation in terms of the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of channel estimation and bit error rate (BER) could be achieved for the proposed ... MSE of the proposed channel estimation method 99 4.4.1 MSE analysis of channel estimation for the first M1 OFDM symbols 100 4.4.2 MSE analysis of channel estimation for the last M2 OFDM symbols ... normalized mean square error (NMSE) of channel estimation for the first M1 OFDM symbols, for f d T = 0.01, 0.06 and 0.1, respectively 114 Fig 4.3: The NMSE of channel estimation based on equi-spaced...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:28

... t, as approximated For Mac OS X: http://xiph.org/quicktime/download.html by the Viterbi path score For Windows: http://www.illiminable.com/ogg/downloads.html 18 Script Outline For our demonstration, ... = T P (O1 ) t T P (ws |O1 ) = This algorithm has a straightforward extension to trigram language models which has been omitted here for simplicity This interface is inspired by the web browser ... correction tool (Vertanen, 2004) We feel that it is potentially useful not only for automatic speech recognition, but also for machine s t t αt (w) = P (O1 , ws ) = P (w|v)P (ws )αs (v) translation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... spacing error correction only for the test corpus n-gram A n-gram B Accuracy 91.03% 96.00% Table 2: The word spacing error correction results The results of both word spacing error and spelling error ... Experiments and Analyses Corpus Information Training Sentences 60076 Eojeols 302397 15335 Error Sentences (%) (25.53) 31297 Error Eojeols (%) (10.35) Table 1: Corpus information Test 6006 30376 1512 ... Joint Statistical Model for Word Spacing and Spelling Error Correction 3.1 Problem Definition Given a sentence T which includes both word spacing errors and spelling errors, we create correction...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... synchronous PCFGs built for translation These are parameterized by the PCFG’s parameters, but add or remove strings of the PCFG to leave an improper probability distribution Fortunately for those techniques, ... normalization It arises, for example, when training a joint model of the form fθ = · · · (gθ ◦ hθ ) · · ·, where hθ is a conditional It is also possible to use this EM approach for discriminative training, ... techniques build on our parameter estimation method The key algorithmic ideas of this paper extend from forward-backward-style to inside-outside-style methods For example, it should be possible...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... correlation between performance and various features For example, KL divergence is significantly correlated with performance for most years, with correlation of 0.4618 for the generic summaries ... classes of expected performance Poor performance was assigned to the inputs for which the average system coverage score was lower than the average for all inputs Good performance was assigned ... the need for subsequent summarization of the resulting clusters Techniques for predicting summarizer performance can be used to inform clustering so that the clusters most suitable for summarization...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... Tense/Aspect Error Corpus Table 1: Local features for a verb phrase Developing a high-quality tense and aspect error correction system requires a large corpus annotated with tense/aspect errors However, ... curve for error correction 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 00.6 0.4 0.8 SVM MAXENT data includes 16,308 verb phrases, of which 1,072 (6.6%) contain tense/aspect errors We used Stanford Parser 1.6.9 for generating ... progressive) Error Correction Using Global Context As we described in Section 1, using only local information about the target verb phrase may lead to inaccurate correction of tense/aspect errors Thus,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... decay rates for mixing basic sets could be arbitrarily slow On the other hand, exponential mixing is proved for the aforementioned restricted classes of Anosov flows and also for certain uniformly ... μ ⊕ λ is in real Jordan normal form (1 × blocks for real eigenvalues, × blocks for complex eigenvalues) Let xH = (A, 0) ∈ Es be the transverse homoclinic point for p Let xH = (0, B) ∈ Eu be the ... zero for all f ∈ C r (Σ1 ) sufficiently C -close to f0 By Lemma 4.2(3), EN (Ψ, f ) is bounded away from zero, uniformly in N , for all C r pairs (Ψ, f ) sufficiently C -close to (Ψ0 , f0 ) Therefore...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... exploratory step then has formed a basis for the parameter space with information in which directions the objective function decreases In the next step, the pattern move, the information obtained is ... Kaandorp JA & Blom J (2007) Efcient parameter estimation for spatio-temporal models of pattern formation: case study of Drosophila melanogaster Bioinformatics 23, 33563363 37 Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt ... metaheuristic for parameter estimation in nonlinear dynamic biological systems BMC Bioinformatics 7, 483 Egea JA, Rodr guez-Fernandez M, Banga JR & Mart R (2007) Scatter search for chemical and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... systems is desired for error detection Linguistic knowledge is exactly such a good choice as an external information source It has already been proven effective in error detection for speech recognition ... confidence estimation (CE) for machine translation at the word level As we are only interested in error detection, we focus on work that uses confidence estimation approaches to detect translation errors ... confidence estimation which is used for error detection In Section 3, we introduce our linguistic features as well as the word posterior probability feature In Section 4, we elaborate our MaxEntbased error...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... the procedure of cost estimation Automatic Cost Optimization for TED In this section we proposed a system for estimating and optimizing the cost of each edit operation for TED As mentioned earlier, ... to an optimal set of values for operations is almost empirically impossible In the following sections, we propose a method for estimating the optimum set of values for operation costs in TED algorithm ... score for a pair is calculated on the minimal set of edit operations that transform T into H An entailment relation is assigned to a T-H pair in the case that overall cost of the transformations...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... archaic formulas such as God zij dank (Thank God) In such examples, the form zij is the (archaic) subjunctive form of the Dutch verb zijn (to be) The sequence Het zij zo is another fixed formula ... only a single de (the definite article) is expected, and heben for hebben (to have), indentiek for identiek (identical), koninging for koningin (queen), etc Other examples include wordt ik (becomes ... which means via some complicated route For this reason, we generalize the parsability of a word to word sequences in a straightforward way We write C(wi wj ) for the number of sentences in which...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Èg tÈs uÈu aÈa lÈl To allow for richer contextual information, we expand each nonmatch substitution to incorporate up to N additional adjacent edits For example, for the first nonmatch edit in ... that assigns uniform probability to all words in the dictionary In Table we show K-best results for different maximum context window sizes, without using positional information For instance, the ... the error model with positional information and with a maximum context window of four, and used the language model to rescore the best word candidates returned by the error model Note that for...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... (becoming [S-VP ]) These transforms are undone before any evaluation is performed on the output trees We not believe these transforms have a major impact on performance, but we have not currently ... model First an appropriate error function is defined for the network's outputs, and then some form of gradient descent learning is applied to search for a minimum of this error function This learning ... Networks for Pattern Recognition Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK E Black, F Jelinek, J Lafferty, D Magerman, R Mercer, and S Roukos 1993 Towards history-based grammars: Using richer models for...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... denitive form For the same reason is the reader asked to forgive the remaining obscurities Paris, October 2003 Nicolas Bouleau Contents Preface I v Intuitive introduction to error structures Error ... Dirichlet form Appendix Determination of D for the OrnsteinUhlenbeck semigroup Bibliography for Chapter II 17 17 20 28 31 III Error structures Main denition and initial examples Performing calculations ... asset From an instantaneous error structure to a pricing model Error calculations on the BlackScholes model Error calculations for a diffusion model Bibliography for Chapter VII 137 137 143 155...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20

... is T0 > such that for any x ∈ ΛX (U ), s DXT0 /Ex < s Proof For each x ∈ ΛX (U ) there is tx such that DXtx /Ex < 1/3 Hence, for each x there is a neighborhood B(x) such that for all y ∈ B(x) ... Wloc (σY ) = ∅, for all Y near X; δ ˆ (3) Σs ∩ W ss (σY ) = ∅ for all Y near X; δ ˆs (4) For all Y near X and all y ∈ ΛY (U ) ∩ Wloc (σY ) there is t such that Yt (y) ∈ Σs ; δ (5) For all y ∈ ΛY ... attractor are present for singular-hyperbolic attractors, and so, for robust attractors with singularities: Proposition 1.9 A singular -hyperbolic attractor Λ of X ∈ X (M ) has uniform positive Lyapunov...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... false The ErrorProvider Component • The ErrorProvider component can set a small icon next to a field when it contains an error • When the user moves the mouse pointer over the icon, an error message ... error message pops up as a ToolTip The ErrorProvider Component Using the ErrorProvider Component and Other Validation Techniques The Validating Event and Sticky Form – The CausesValidation property ... event, you can write code to the following: – Programmatically correct any errors or omissions made by the user – Show error messages and alerts to the user so that the user can fix the problem...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 11:39

... attributed information Thus their estimation is very important for micromotion compensation and refocusing in SAR imagery, and the estimated results can also be directly used as signatures for target ... difficult for micromotion ones due to their sinusoidal range history [7] Matched filter is commonly used for motion or micromotion target imaging [8, 9] It performs the reconstruction at every pixel for ... favorable information for understanding SAR images Micromotion is mainly embodied by rotation and vibration, and typical SAR micromotion targets include ground/ship-borne search antennas for air...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... we develop an analytical B-R-D model to perform on-line BW optimization for real-time video coding For the simplicity of on-line execution, the RDG formulation can be well approximated by the ... resolution dependent For our simulation, we set SR lower equal to for CIF and 26 for HD (720P) resolution Meanwhile, we set SRupper, SRstep, and SRoffset equal to 32, 4, and for CIF resolution ... scheme, denoted as fixedSR, is for ME without any BW adaption scheme Thus, the total BW for ME is equally distributed for all MB coding, and its SR setting is constant for the entire coding time...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... for transmitting its bits to both the partner and the BS; even periods for transmitting a linear combination of its own bit and the partner’s bit estimate B Error Calculations 1) Error Rate for ... Bit Error Probability The bit error probability associated with the signal from user 1, at user 2, for a fixed gain is described in (6) Now assuming a nonstatic situation, the average bit error ... this expression can be prohibitive For this reason, we found a very accurate approximation for the bit error probability presented in the sequel B Approximate Bit error Probability The main problem...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20